莓叶委陵菜叶插繁殖技术研究

莓叶委陵菜(Potentilla fragarioidis)作为我国北方地区极具开发潜力的乡土地被植物,存在着有性繁殖材料不易获得且繁殖系数较低的问题。而扦插繁殖作为一种无性繁殖手段,能为莓叶委陵菜的快速繁殖提供新的途径。本研究以莓叶委陵菜生长健壮、无病虫害的叶为试验材料,通过正交试验针对不同扦插基质、激素种类及其浓度对莓叶委陵菜叶插生根效果的影响进行探究。结果表明,莓叶委陵菜插穗在扦插45 d后能够形成根系,不同处理水平的扦插基质、激素种类及其浓度间的交互效应对插穗生根效果的影响具有显著差异(P <0.05)。扦插基质是影响莓叶委陵菜叶插生根率的主导因子,而激素种类是影响平均单株生根数、平均单株总根长、最长根长和根系效果指数的主要因素。以草炭+珍珠岩+蛭石(1:1:1)为基质,扦插前使用300 mg·L^-1的IBA对插穗进行处理生根效果最佳,该处理方式下扦插生根率达63.33%,平均单株生根数为6.90条,平均单株总根长为27.98 cm,最长根长13.83 cm,根系效果指数达20.50。本研究结果可为莓叶委陵菜无性系繁殖体系的快速建立提供理论依据。     

不同因子对树葡萄扦插生根影响研究

利用树葡萄2a生茎作为插穗,开展不同基质、不同外源激素种类和浓度、不同季节扦插育苗技术研究。结果表明：以河沙土、椰糠、草木灰(5:5:1)混合基质A对树葡萄扦插的效果最好,成活率达64.7%;不同配比生长液均对树葡萄的生根数、根长和成活率均有提高,其中IAA1000mg.L_-1对于树葡萄生长效果最佳,成活率达70.3%;在海口地区树葡萄扦插时间以3月扦插效果最好,成活率达60.3%。     

红叶李扦插育苗技术试验研究

为掌握扦插基质、激素、枝条性状对红叶李扦插成活的影响,采用不同基质、不同激素种类、不同浓度、不同处理方法、不同枝条对红叶李进行了试验研究,结果表明:红叶李扦插最佳优化条件为硬枝扦插,时间在冬末春初休眠芽尚未萌动,气温回升后的2月,用珍珠岩和黄沙土按1:1比例混合作为扦插基质,以50%吲丁.萘合剂,1000mg/L浸泡插条10秒,扦插生根成活达到96%。     

不同基质和生根粉浓度对西番莲扦插苗的影响

为了提高西番莲扦插苗的成活率和成活质量,本研究以黄壤、黄壤：有机肥=1:0.05为扦插基质,以0 mg/L、100 mg/L、200 mg/L为不同梯度的生根粉浓度,探索不同基质和生根粉浓度对西番莲扦插苗成活率、生物学特性及生物量的影响。研究表明：在不同基质条件下,以黄壤：有机肥=1:0.05配比效果最好,成活率达到93%,生物学特性(主根长、主根数、侧根长、侧根数、侧茎长、叶长、叶宽和叶片数)和生物量(植株重、根重、茎重、叶重)均较黄壤表现好;在不同生根粉浓度梯度下,则表现为200 mg/L >100 mg/L >0 mg/L。说明西番莲扦插繁殖以黄壤：有机肥=1:0.05作为基质,以200mg/L的生根粉浓度处理扦插穗条效果最佳。     

正交试验方法在铺地百里香扦插繁殖中的应用研究

应用正交试验方法,对园林芳香草坪新种--铺地百里香Thymus serpyllum进行了扦插繁殖试验研究.结果表明,扦插基质是影响铺地百里香扦插繁殖的主要因素,其次为插穗、NAA浓度、插穗在NAA中的浸泡时间;四因素的最佳水平组合为A2B2C2D2,即剪取上部枝条4～5 cm,去顶芽后,用珍珠岩做扦插基质,在浓度为100 mg/L的NAA中浸泡5 min,铺地百里香的扦插效果最为理想.     

茶树穴盘嫩枝扦插试验

试验探讨了不同轻基质配比、不同浓度的NAA对茶树嫩枝穴盘扦插生根的影响,结果表明:不同的基质配比和不同浓度的NAA对茶树插穗的生根影响很大,本试验以泥炭:珍珠岩=5:1的基质配比扦插效果最好,2 500mg/kg的国光萘乙酸处理生根率最高。     

蓝莓绿枝扦插生根试验

以兔眼蓝莓为试材,研究品种、插条部位、扦插基质、生根剂种类和浓度等因素对绿枝扦插生根的影响。结果表明：不同品种间扦插生根率差异显著,园蓝的生根率最高为71%;插条中山部的生根率高于中下部;扦插基质中珍珠岩+草炭土（V/V=1:1）的生根率最高,与其他处理间差异显著;生根剂中,ABT浓度在1500mg·L-1时的生根率最高,为79%。     

珍珠番石榴简易设施扦插育苗技术

以珍珠番石榴为试材,对扦插环节插穗类型、扦插激素配方、扦插环境、基质配比及移栽方式等进行了研究。结果表明：树冠上部徒长枝和树冠外围侧枝采穗插穗成活率高于树冠内部荫枝;扦插激素最优为NAA1000mg/L+1%吲哚丁酸?s-诱抗素WP1000mg/L,速蘸5s和NAA500mg/L+1%吲哚丁酸?s-诱抗素WP500mg/L,浸泡插穗基部10min,生根率在50%左右;早晚全光照中午遮阴有利于插穗生根;扦插后20d内平均气温在30℃以下有利于保叶和促进插穗切口愈伤化;扦插基质以椰糠与花生壳等体积混合,基质厚度10cm有利于插穗生根和移栽;移栽后覆盖薄膜保湿20d,有利于移栽成活。     

桑树良种嫩枝扦插试验

用不同激素处理良桑嫩枝进行扦插试验．考察激素浓度及主要环境因子与扦插生根、成活率之间的关系。同时探索适宜的移栽管理技术，为宁夏桑树良种快速繁育提供参考。     

不同基质配方对中茶108扦插育苗的影响

利用DPS数据处理系统对各试验结果进行多重比较分析,系统研究了9种基质配方对中茶108扦插育苗过程中插穗成活率、根系生长和插穗质量的影响。结果表明：与对照相比,供试的9种无土扦插基质配方均能显著改善插穗生长状况,其中最优的无土扦插基质配方为T3（草炭：蛭石：珍珠岩为=1：7：2）。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -