台湾番石榴品种在福建漳州引种试验初报

以台湾引进的彩虹、水蜜和帝王等9个番石榴品种为试验材料,对其植物学性状、果实外观和理化性状、丰产性及抗逆性等进比较研究,结果表明彩虹和帝王2个品种具有品质好,产量高、耐储运等优点,可作为福建漳州主栽品种珍珠番石榴的替代或补充品种推广种植;水晶和水蜜2个品种具有品质好、少籽或无籽等优点,但产量较低,可适当推广种植;红心等4个品种为软肉芳香型番石榴,果实不耐贮运,不宜大面积推广种植。     

上杭番石榴和葛瓜量减价高

<正>本刊讯今年是福建省上杭县番石榴生产小年,受7—8月严重旱情影响,果农对番石榴园管理不够,大个果实比去年少得多;但较重视病虫害防治、修剪和除草等工作,病虫果比上年少,加上采摘及时,故番石榴果实外观较好,品质中上,水分适中,     

台湾番石榴--珍珠拔栽培技术

番石榴又名梨仔拔,那拔.原产热带美洲,常绿乔木.目前,台湾已培育出多个丰产、优质、收获期长的四季番石榴优良品种,如珍珠拔(又名珍珠芭乐)、水晶无籽拔、世纪拔和紫红拔等.珍珠拔以其果大(单果重0.25～0.5 kg)、速生、丰产、稳产,果实品质好、产期易调节和栽培管理技术要求较低等优点,成为众多品种中的佼佼者,有望成为福建省东山县水稻田和部分老化芦笋园替代更新的首选品种.     

上杭番石榴量减价高

今年是福建省上杭县番石榴生产上的“小年”，加上受今年连续严重降雨天气的影响，果农对番石榴园的管理不够到位，病虫害果实比去年多得多；加上果农采摘不及时，番石榴落果严重，故果实外观不美，光泽度差，果个小，大个果实较少，果实品质较差，水分过多，甜度和香味降低。预计今年上杭全县番石榴总产量不到3000t，与去年相比减产35％以上。由于产量锐减，上市量少，估计今年上杭番石榴销售价格与去年相比会略有上扬，而且销势会比去年好。     

埃及：杧果和番石榴对欧盟的出口大幅增长

<正>根据EastFruit表示,2023年埃及的杧果和番石榴出口商预计将增加其在欧盟市场的份额。2023年前9个月的数据显示,欧盟对埃及杧果和番石榴的进口量高于2022年全年的水平。自2018年以来,埃及杧果和番石榴对欧盟的出口量至少增加了两倍。2023年1—9月,埃及杧果和番石榴对欧盟的出口量达到创记录的1 500 t,高于2022年的1 300 t。     

惠安打造台湾水果生产基地

福建省惠安县近几年来在闽台农业合作中，积极引进台湾名优水果品种，打造台湾水果基地。目前，惠安县已推广种植台湾甜桃、爱文杧果、杨桃、番木瓜、珍珠番石榴等10多个优良品种，建立了约80hm^2生产基地，并建成6.67hm^2（百亩）台湾水果苗木繁育基地。同时，台湾名优水果的引进，也带来了台湾先进的种植管理技术，使当地果农看到了种植台湾水果的良好市场前景。     

番石榴番花生产应用研究

该文论述在广西职业技术学院番石榴试验园进行促夏梢、番花,成功利用番花生产番花果的试验方法、措施、关键技术等,并对番花果果实的营养成分进行测定,分析其与正造果之间的差异。试验表明番花果生产的关键技术主要有三：一是抓住时机、科学修剪和用好促发夏梢、番花肥。二是合理留好正造果;三是做好番花果保花保果、水肥管理及果实套袋等。     

台湾水晶番石榴引种试验

20世纪90年代初广东省潮州市引进台湾新世纪番石榴,短短几年便发展形成商品化生产。近年来,珍珠番石榴引进亦获成功,种植面积进一步扩大。为树立潮州市番石榴品牌,研究开发新品种,我所于1999年秋季又引进了果心很小的大果型台湾水晶番石榴,也已取得了成功。1 主要性状 树姿较开张,树干于近地面处分枝,主干赤褐色、皮薄,表皮常剥离而光滑,嫩枝四棱形,小枝细长,不短截可达1m以上。叶片对生,长椭圆形。花     

珍珠番石榴品种特性及产期调节

20世纪90年代以来,潮州地区陆续引进了泰国番石榴、台湾新世纪番石榴、水晶番石榴、珍珠番石榴等品种。其中珍珠番石榴在各地均表现出较好的早结丰产、品质优、产量高等特点,从而成为目前种植面积最大的品种。生长习性树势较开张,生长壮旺。芽具早熟性,成枝力强,每年能抽梢4～6     

印度:番石榴主供内销

<正>番石榴是印度继杧果、香蕉、柑桔之后的第四大水果。然而,虽然产量很大,但其销售主要在国内市场,仅有0.05%的番石榴用于出口,主要出口目标市场为美国、欧盟、沙特阿拉伯、科威特和约旦等。过去8年中,印度国内市场番石榴的消费量一直呈上升态势,此间番石榴业内人士也一直着手扩大番石榴的出口。目前全球消费番石榴最多的国家是美国(占总消费量的35.5%),     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …