日粮中添加大豆油对肉鸭生产性能的影响

本试验选用1日龄樱桃谷肉鸭600只，随机分为10个组（9个试验组和1个对照组），每组2个重复，每个重复30只肉仔鸭。试验组采用二因素、三个水平的完全随机设计，即在饲粮中添加3％、6％和9％的大豆油，每个比例分别添饲1周、2周、3周，旨在研究日粮中添加大豆油的用量和时间对肉鸭生产性能的影响。结果表明：各试验组之间以及各试验组与对照组之间肉鸭的死亡率无显差异（P＞0.05）；各试验组与对照组之间肉鸭的饲料转化率有显差异（P＜0.05），各试验组之间肉鸭的饲料转化率无显差异（P＞0.05）；添加大豆油的比例与添饲时期的互作对肉鸭的日增重均有极显的影响（P＜0.01），而以添加6％的比例添饲两周的效果最好。     

小麦型日粮添加和美酵素及麦质素酶对肉鸭生产性能影响的调查与研究

一、材料与方法 1.调查养鸭户的饲养记录,累计肉鸭的饲养量在108万羽左右,批次在1000多批以上,其中有用“四海”牌肉鸭饲料(小麦型日粮添加和美酵素及麦质素酶,不加任何抗生素),有用其它厂家的肉鸭饲料,饲料品牌繁多。对比在“四海”牌饲料和其它有影响力的品牌饲科之间进行。 2.随机取30日龄的使用不同饲料的活肉鸭各30只,称重、去血、脱毛、去内脏、去爪。各取10只肉鸭进行胴体分割,取出瘦肉。     

肉鸭日粮中添加加酶益生素的饲喂效果试验

选用400只1日龄樱桃谷商品肉鸭，随机分成两组，试验组的日粮中添加0．2％的加酶益生素，以探讨在肉鸭日粮中添加酶益生素对其生长、死亡率、饲料转化率和经济效益的影响。试验结果表明，加酶益生素能促进肉鸭增重、提高饲料报酬、降低死亡率和提高经济效益。     

肉鸭日粮中添加双乙酸钠的效果研究

选用 1日龄健康樱桃谷肉鸭 6 0 0只 ,随机分为 3组 ,每组设 4个重复 ,每个重复 5 0只肉鸭 ,试验采用单因素完全随机试验设计。A组饲喂基础日粮 ,B组、C组在基础日粮的基础上分别添加 0 2 %、0 4 %的双乙酸钠。试验结果表明 :日粮中添加双乙酸钠对肉鸭日增重、瘦肉率有显著影响 (P <0 0 5 ) ;对肉鸭的饲料转化率有极显著影响 (P <0 0 1) ;对肉鸭的成活率和屠宰率、皮脂率无显著影响 (P >0 0 5 )。B组日增重比A组提高了 8 6 5 % (P <0 0 5 ) ,比C组提高了 5 4 5 %(P >0 0 5 ) ;B组料肉比较A组降低了 11 5 2 % (P <0 0 1) ,较C组降低了 3 2 9% (P <0 0 5 ) ;B组的成活率与A组、C组间差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 ) ;B组每只肉鸭分别比A、C组多盈利 1 0 4元和 1 0 6元     

日粮中添加NSP酶对长毛兔生产性能的影响

长毛兔饲料除了含有能被利用的营养物质外,还含有某些抗营养因子(ANFs),诸如以β-萄聚糖、木聚糖和纤维素为主的非淀粉多糖(NSP),这些抗营养物质不仅自身难以被长毛兔利用,而且还极大地限制了饲料中其它有效营养成分的消化吸收,造成兔饲料利用率低下、生产性能不佳等现象。     

和美酵素对矮小型蛋鸡生产性能的影响

摘要:用四种饲料在冬季饲喂矮小型蛋鸡,A组为对照组(基础日粮),B组日粮是基础日粮添加0.5%油脂和500g/T和美酵素,C组日粮是基础日粮添加1.4%油脂,D组日粮是在基础日粮基础上加500g/T和美酵素,试验期11周。结果表明:添加500g/T和美酵素的D组产蛋率最高(77.7%),和其他三个组差异达到显著水平(P<0.05),试验期料蛋比2.21∶1,每只鸡毛利3.52元,比对照组和加油组分别提高0.45元和0.79元;同时结果还发现,和美酵素和油脂同时使用效果不好。     

日粮中小麦和复合酶的添加对肉鸭养分代谢的影响

选择健康、体重2.6kg左右的樱桃谷肉鸭的公鸭27只,随机分成9个处理组,每组3个重复,每个重复1只鸭。 以玉米型日粮为基础,采用2×3试验设计和拉丁方试验设计研究了日粮中小麦替代玉米比例和复合酶的添加水平对肉 鸭营养物质代谢的影响。结果表明:(1)日粮中小麦比例显著影响肉鸭的营养物质代谢率(P<0.05)。小麦替代日粮中 50%和100%的玉米,肉鸭的能量、干物质、蛋白质和粗纤维的表观代谢率均显著降低(P<0.05),且两个小麦添加水平 之间有显著性差异(P<0.05)。(2)日粮中添加复合酶显著影响肉鸭的营养物质代谢率(P<0.05)。肉鸭日粮的能量、 干物质、蛋白质和粗纤维的代谢率随着复合酶的添加量增加而提高(P<0.05),但复合酶的两个添加水平(0.025%和 0.05%)之间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。(3)小麦替代50%玉米和添加0.05%复合酶的日粮与玉米型不加酶的日粮相 比,肉鸭的能量和蛋白质的代谢率有所提高(P>0.05)、干物质和粗纤维的代谢率明显提高(P<0.05)。因此,在本试验 条件下,肉鸭日粮中小麦替代玉米的比例以50%左右较为适宜,复合酶的适宜添加水平为0.05%。     

小麦型日粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉鸭生产性能的影响

本试验在小麦型基础日粮中分别添加木聚糖酶0、50、100、150、200g/t饲料(5000U/g酶)饲喂12日龄樱桃谷肉鸭,观察木聚糖酶对肉鸭生产性能的影响。结果表明:添加木聚糖酶对肉鸭生产性能影响不显著(P0.05),单位增重饲料成本以添加量50 g/t(即每1 kg饲料含250 U木聚糖酶)的有效含量为佳。     

甜菜碱替代肉鸭日粮中蛋氨酸的研究

试验选用１日龄樱桃谷肉仔鸭７００只,随机分为７组,每组２个重复,每个重复５０只,参试各组按甜菜碱,蛋氨酸＝１：２的比例分别替代基础日粮中蛋氨酸添加量的０／６,１／７、１／３、１／２,２／３,５／６和６／６而设计,以研究甜菜碱替代肉鸭日粮中蛋氨酸对１￣４２日龄肉鸭生产性能的效果及最佳替代水平。结果表明,在肉鸭日粮中用甜菜碱替代蛋氨酸的最佳水平为１￣３周龄,１／２;４￣６周龄,２／３。     

姜黄素对肉鸡生产性能及肉品质的影响

将120只1日龄肉仔鸡随机分成4组,每组30只,后3组(试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组)分别喂添加150、200、250mg/kg姜黄素的日粮,对照组饲喂基础日粮。试验期6周。研究结果表明:在肉仔鸡日粮中添加适量姜黄素能提高肉仔鸡活重、全净膛重、屠宰率及胸肌、腿肌的增重,降低料肉比,并且添加适量姜黄素能显著降低肉鸡腹脂、肝脂沉积。提高了生产性能和改善了鸡肉品质,在3个试验组中,综合效果以添加姜黄素200mg/kg组最好。     

“豆伴侣”复合酶对肉鸭生长性能和养分利用率的影响

选择1日龄樱桃谷肉鸭1800羽,随机分为6个组,每组设3个重复,每个重复100羽。对照组为基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组为在基础日粮中添加150ml/"t豆伴侣"液体复合酶UTB1500,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组为基础日粮降低代谢能125kJ/kg(30kcal/kg)并分别添加150ml/"t豆伴侣"FE806-L液体复合酶、液体复合酶UTB1500,试验Ⅳ、Ⅴ组则为基础日粮降低代谢能210kJ/kg(50kcal/kg)并分别添加150ml/"t豆伴侣"FE806-L液体复合酶、液体复合酶UTB1500,目的是研究比较两种液体复合酶对樱桃谷肉鸭生长性能和养分利用率的影响。试验分为前期(1～14日龄)、中期(14～28日龄)和后期(28～42日龄),共42d。结果表明:加酶各组的后期和全期平均日增重均高于不加酶的对照组,且均以试验Ⅱ组最高;各阶段料重比均以试验Ⅰ组最低,而试验Ⅱ组前期、后期和全期料重比为次低;相同日粮代谢能水平下,中、低代谢能日粮添加FE806-L液体复合酶的试验组上述生长性能指标均优于添加"豆伴侣"液体复合酶UTB1500的试验组。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组肉鸭对干物质、蛋白质、单个氨基酸和总氨基酸的表观和真代谢率均表现出试验Ⅱ组试验Ⅰ组试验Ⅲ组试验Ⅳ组试验Ⅴ组对照组的规律,但除苯丙氨酸试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组明显高于对照组外(P0.05),其余各组间差异不明显(P0.05);日粮能量表现和真代谢率也以加酶各组高于对照组,且中、低代谢能日粮添加FE806-L液体复合酶的试验组高于相同代谢能日粮中添加"豆伴侣"液体复合酶UTB1500的试验组。     

Nutrient digestibility and intestinal viscosities in broiler chickens fed on wheat diets, as compared to maize diets with added guar gum

1. Three maize diets containing 0, 1 or 3 g of guar gum per kg and 2 wheat diets were given to male broiler chickens for measurements of growth performance and nutrient digestibility. 2. The intestinal viscosities found with wheat diets were within the range of those observed with the 3 maize diets. The correlations between in vivo and in vitro viscosities were higher with real than with potential applied viscosity. 3. The gain:food ratio decreased (P < 0.05) with the addition of 3 g guar gum/kg. The mean gain:food ratio observed for wheat diets was lower (P = 0.007) than the mean value found for the 3 maize diets. 4. The negative effects of increased intestinal viscosity due to guar gum addition on nutrient digestibility were highest for lipids and lowest for starch. 5. Wheat diets resulted in much lower (P < 0.001) starch apparent digestibility compared to maize diets with added guar gum despite similar mean intestinal viscosities in the 2 groups of diets. Apparent lipid digestibility with wheat diets was lower (P < 0.01) than the value predicted from intestinal viscosity, the predictive model having been calculated with the guar gum added maize diets. Apparent protein digestibility did not differ between wheat diets and guar gum added maize diets. 6. It was concluded that the low apparent digestibilities of starch and lipid observed with wheats could not be attributed only to intestinal viscosity and that other factors appear to be implicated in the low digestibilities observed with the wheat samples tested in the present experiment.     

低聚木糖不同配伍对肉鸭生产性能的作用

将800羽1日龄健雏鸭随机分为4个组,每组200羽、设4个重复,每个重复50羽,进行低聚木糖(XOS)对肉鸭生长的饲养试验。试验分两阶段,第一阶段为育雏期(0~3周龄),第二阶段为仔鸭期(4~6周龄)。结果表明:在基础日粮中添加50g益畜宝和100g低聚木糖组其42日龄的体重略大于对照组,料重比低于对照组,这说明低聚木糖与其他益生菌配伍,有提高生长速度、减少饲料消耗的趋势。在成活率方面,试验组与对照组差异不显著(P>0·05)。     

复合酶制剂对肉鸭生长性能及营养物质消化率的影响

试验旨在研究在玉米-杂粕型肉鸭低能、低可消化氨基酸颗粒饲料中添加复合酶制剂对肉鸭11～41日龄阶段生产性能及营养物质消化率的影响。试验分3组:(A)正常日粮组(正对照);(B)低能、低可消化氨基酸日粮组(负对照组);(C)负对照组+复合酶制剂(T-Flex酶)(试验组)。每组6个重复,每重组40只鸭(全公苗)。在25日龄时每组选择8只体重较为一致的肉鸭(共24只)进行代谢试验,以测定营养物质消化率。试验结果如下:①试验肉鸭末重、体增重和日增重各处理间均无显著差异(P>0.05),但B组的肉鸭末重、体增重和日增重都比其余3组低;料重比B组显著高于C组(P<0.05),其余各组间无显著差异。表明降低能量后,肉鸭生长速度受到影响,尤其是料重比水平升高显著。添加复合酶制剂组(C组)生长速度与A组(正对照组)相当,料重比还稍低些,表明复合酶制剂具有促生长作用效果。②蛋白质消化率A、C组显著高于B组(P<0.05);能量消化率A组显著高于B,其余各组间差异不显著;粗纤维消化率C组显著高于B组(P<0.05),其余各组间差异不显著。添加酶制剂后C组表观代谢能得到有效的提高,提高幅度为0.201MJ/kg饲料。     

The interaction between enzyme supplementation and lactose level on the performance of weanling pigs fed barley based diets

A 2 × 2 factorial arrangement was used to investigate the interaction between lactose level (170 vs. 275 g/kg) and enzyme supplementation (with or without Endo-1,3 (4)-β-glucanase) in barley based diets (250 g/kg) on piglet performance post weaning. Ninety six weaned piglets (24 days old, 6.5 kg live weight) were blocked on the basis of live weight and were assigned to one of 4 dietary treatments (n = 6) for 21 days. There was an interaction (P < 0.05) between lactose level and β-glucanase supplementation on average daily gain (ADG), food conversion ratio (FCR) and apparent digestibilities of dry matter (DMD), organic matter (OMD) and nitrogen (N). Pigs offered 170 g/kg lactose and β-glucanase supplementation had an improved FCR and ADG compared to the 170 g/kg lactose and unsupplemented barley. However, β-glucanase supplementation at 275 g/kg lactose had no effect on FCR and ADG compared to the 275 g/kg lactose and untreated barley. Pigs offered the diet containing the low level of lactose and β-glucanase supplementation increased (P < 0.05) DMD, OMD and N digestibility compared to the β-glucanase supplemented high lactose diet. However, there was no effect of lactose level in the unsupplemented diets. In conclusion, the inclusion of β-glucanase at the 170 g/kg lactose level improved ADG, FCR and diet digestibility. β-glucanase had a negative effect on FCR and ADG at the 275 g/kg lactose level.     

低营养水平日粮添加酶制剂对肉鸭生产性能的应用效果研究

选用1200羽0日龄的克里莫肉鸭，依性别随机分为3组，每组设4个重复，每个重复100羽，公母各半，Ⅰ组为对照组，饲喂基础日粮，Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组为试验组，在基础日粮中分别添加0．10％的国外品牌PS酶和0．10％的国内品牌酶。试验结果表明：2种酶制剂可显著地提高肉鸭的日增重（P〈0．01），改善肉鸭的饲料转化率（P〈0．01），提高经济效益；肉鸭的增重和饲料转化率，试验组间没有显著差异（P〉0．05）。     

Effects of crude glycerin supplementation on performance and meat quality of Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets

Forty-eight bulls (335 +/- 8.6 kg of initial BW) were randomly assigned to 4 glycerin levels (0, 4, 8, and 12% of concentrate DM) with the objective of evaluating the effects of glycerin supplementation on performance, ruminal fermentation, metabolism, and carcass and meat quality in Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets. Concentrates were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric (assuming a glycerin ME content of 3.47 Mcal/kg of DM). Concentrate and straw were fed for ad libitum intake. Bull BW and feed consumption were recorded monthly. Additionally, rumen and blood samples were collected every month. Bulls were slaughtered after 91 d of study (460 +/- 11 kg of final BW). Hot carcass weight, carcass backfat, and conformation were recorded. The area, Warner-Bratzler shear force, and intramuscular fat content of LM were determined. Glycerin level did not affect daily concentrate intake (6.89 +/- 0.34 kg/d of DM), straw intake (1.38 +/- 0.069 kg/d of DM), total DMI (8.27 +/- 0.32 kg/d of DM), ADG (1.36 +/- 0.087 kg/d), or G:F (0.17 +/- 0.009). Similarly, rumen molar proportions of propionic, acetic, and butyric acids, and rumen liquid osmolality were unaffected by treatment. However, a decreased rumen pH (P < 0.05), and greater rumen total VFA concentration (P = 0.09), serum insulin concentration (P < 0.05), and insulin to glucose ratio (P < 0.05) were observed in bulls fed 8% glycerin in concentrate compared with those receiving 0, 4, or 12%. No changes were observed in carcass and meat quality. The ME content of glycerin (86% glycerol) can be assumed to be 3.47 Mcal/kg of DM in Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets. In addition, feeding concentrate containing up to 12.1% of glycerin does not lead to detrimental effects on performance, ruminal fermentation, metabolism, and carcass and meat quality variables.     

Growth,carcass yield and meat quality attributes of Red Maasai sheep fed wheat straw-based diets

Thirty-two castrated Red Maasai sheep (12.7 kg initial body weight, aged 12–18 months), were used in an 84-day experiment to evaluate diets based on treated straw upon growth performance, carcass yield and meat quality. The animals were blocked by weight into four similar groups and randomly allotted into four dietary treatments, with eight individually fed animals per treatment. The dietary treatments were ad libitum untreated wheat straw (UTS), wheat straw treated with urea and lime (TS), straw and ad libitum hay (UTSH), and TS and ad libitum hay (TSH). In addition, each experimental animal received 220 g/day (on as fed basis) of a concentrate diet. Treatment of straw increased (P < 0.05) dry matter intake (42.3 vs. 33.7 g/kg W ⁷⁵/day), energy intake (4.6 vs. 3.7 MJ ME/d) and the average daily gain (40.7 vs. 23.1 g). Animals on TS produced heavier (P < 0.05) carcasses (6.6 vs. 5.4 kg) with superior conformation than animals on UTS. Percentage cooking loss was higher in carcasses from animals fed TS compared to those from other diets. Except M. longissimus dorsi and M. semitendinosus, tenderness of muscles was not affected by diet but ageing of meat improved (P < 0.001) tenderness. Overall, straw treatment increased carcass yields with limited effects on meat quality attributes.     

Performance of growing pigs fed diets based on by-products of maize and wheat processing

Forty-eight crossbred Landrace?×?Large white pigs with an average body weight of 8.5?±?0.4 kg and aged 2 months were used to evaluate performance and carcass characteristics of pigs fed two diets in which bran from maize or wheat was used as the energy source. A third diet based on whole maize grain was used as a control. Animals in groups of four, balanced for litter, sex and weight were allotted to dietary treatments in a completely randomised design with four replications. Data were collected on feed intake and weight gain for a period of 4 months. A digestibility trial was carried at the end of the feeding trial using two male pigs per treatment while six pigs per treatment were randomly selected for slaughter to determine carcass characteristics. Daily gain averaged 0.23, 0.31 and 0.13 kg/day, for pigs fed maize bran, wheat bran and whole maize diets, respectively. Average feed intake and final body weight were significantly (P?<?0.05) affected by diets. Digestibility of dry matter, crude fibre and calcium were higher (P?<?0.05) for pigs fed maize bran while crude protein digestibility was highest (P?<?0.05) for the pigs fed wheat bran. There were significant differences (P?<?0.05) between the diets in carcass yield, ham, head, trotters and heart weights and also for rib weight, rib eye muscle and other tissues. This study indicates that comparable performance of growing pigs fed cereal bran and full-grain diets are real.