牛结核分枝杆菌重组多抗原表位基因的原核表达与鉴定

利用DNAStar对牛结核分枝杆菌的3个主要抗原mpb70、mpb83、esat-6进行预测分析,将预测的抗原指数高的抗原表位经全基因合成后,克隆到表达载体pET28a(+)中,构建重组质粒pET28a-mpb-70-83-esat-6,转化入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中诱导表达,表达产物经SDS-PAGE鉴定,结果检测到相对分子质量约为21 000的重组蛋白。经NI-NTA纯化重组蛋白后进行Western-blot鉴定,结果显示该重组蛋白可被牛结核分枝杆菌的多克隆抗体识别,表明该蛋白具有良好的反应原性。     

牛分枝杆菌二价组合及融合DNA疫苗的免疫效果

利用PCR技术和重叠延伸剪接(SOE)技术扩增牛分枝杆菌ag85b、mpb64基因和ag85b-mpb64融合基因,连接真核表达载体pCDNA3.1(+),构建二基因融合(pCDNA-MPB64/Ag85B,pCMA)和二价组合(pCDNA-Ag85B+pCDNA-MPB64,pCA+pCM)DNA疫苗.以牛分枝杆菌卡介苗(BCG)为阳性对照,以pCDNA3.1(+)和PBS为阴性对照,免疫BALB/c小鼠,检测血清特异性抗体水平、脾淋巴细胞增殖情况和IFN-γ及IL-2分泌情况.结果显示:融合DNA疫苗组免疫小鼠血清抗体水平、刺激值(SI值)及IFN-γ和IL-2的分泌水平均明显高于其他各组(P<0.05).二价组合DNA疫苗组的体液和细胞免疫指标与BCG组相当(P>0.05),而显著高于两阴性对照组(P<0.05).     

牛分枝杆菌三价组合及融合DNA疫苗免疫效果的研究

分泌性蛋白Ag85B、MPB64和ESAT-6为Mycobacterium boris的主要保护性抗原,在诱导机体免疫反应和抵抗感染中发挥重要作用。本研究以peDNA3．1（＋）为载体,构建了由上述3种抗原基因构成的不同疫苗：3基因融合（peDNA-MPB64-Ag85B-ESAT-6,pCMAE）DNA疫苗和三价（pcDNA-Ag85B＋peDNA-MPB64＋pcDNA-ESAT-6）DNA疫苗,评价各种DNA疫苗诱导的体液免疫、细胞免疫及以BCG攻毒后的免疫保护水平。试验结果表明,多基因融合DNA疫苗免疫后的小鼠血清抗体水平、淋巴细胞增殖（SI值）、gamma interferon（IFN-γ）和interleukin-2（IL-2）水平明显高于其他各组（P〈0．05）,攻毒保护效果也优于多价DNA疫苗,达到了BCG疫苗的免疫保护水平,表明本研究制备的融合DNA疫苗具有良好的应用前景。     

牛结核杆菌MPB70-ESAT-6融合蛋白的原核表达及抗原反应性分析

为增强单个蛋白的抗原性,利用(Gly4Ser)3柔性连接肽将牛结核杆菌MPB70和ESAT-6融合。采用重叠延伸PCR技术将牛结核杆菌mpb70与esat-6基因连接,获得融合基因mpb70-esat-6,连接至T-Vector pMD19中,获得克隆质粒pMD-70-esat-6。经Bam HⅠ、EcoRⅠ酶切、纯化,并与p ET28a(+)载体连接,构建了pET-70-esat-6重组表达质粒。SDS-PAGE发现,在27.2 ku处表达了融合蛋白MPB70-ESAT-6,Western blotting证实,MPB70-ESAT-6与牛结核阳性血清反应性良好。MPB70-ESAT-6融合蛋白的研究为牛结核病诊断抗原及相关疫苗研究奠定了基础。     

牛分枝杆菌mpb51-63融合基因的克隆及其原核表达

为提高牛分枝杆菌(M.bovis)单一抗原的抗原性,本研究以重叠延伸拼接PCR技术将M.bovis mpb51与mpb63基因连接,并克隆至pMD18-T中,构建重组质粒pMD-51-63。以BamHⅠ和EcoRⅠ双酶切pMD-51-63和pET28a(+),将纯化的mpb51-63融合基因亚克隆至pET28a(+)中,获得了重组表达质粒pET-51-63。该重组质粒在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中经IPTG诱导和SDS-PAGE分析,表达约46 ku的外源融合蛋白,免疫印迹实验证实,该融合蛋白具有M.bovis的抗原反应性。为进一步研究mpb51-63融合基因及其表达产物作为牛结核病亚单位疫苗、核酸疫苗以及特异的诊断试剂奠定了基础。     

牛分枝杆菌mpb64-ag85b-esat6融合基因的分子克隆及表达

以牛分枝杆菌valleeⅢ株基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增mpb64、ag85b和esat6 3个目的基因片段,采用重叠延伸剪接技术（SOE）和基因重组技术获得融合基因mpb64-ag85b,将mpb64-ag85b和esat6串联到同一原核表达载体pET32a（＋）中获得重组质粒pET64-85b-e6。将其转化到大肠杆菌感受态细胞BL21（DE3）中,以IPTG（终浓度1 mmol/L）进行诱导,SDS-PAGE电泳分析表达情况,以Ni^2＋亲和层析柱纯化表达的融合蛋白和Western blot分析融合蛋白的免疫活性。结果表明：表达的融合蛋白大约为76 Ku,与预测大小相符,以Ni^2＋亲和层析柱纯化的融合蛋白能与牛结核病阳性血清发生反应。     

表达牛分枝杆菌MPB83基因重组腺病毒的构建

以牛分枝杆茵Vallee III株基因组DNA为模板,应用PCR扩增获得MPB83基因,克隆后.亚克隆至腺病毒穿梭栽体pShuttle-CMV中,构建的重组穿梭质粒pShuttle-CMV-MPB83经Pme I酶切,转化含腺病毒骨架质粒pAdeasy-I的BJ5183-AD-1感受态细胞,经同源重组获得复制缺陷型重组腺病毒载体pAd-CMV-MPB83.Pac I酶切线性化该质粒,转染AD-293细胞进行病毒包装,转染细胞10 d后出现细胞病变(CPE).PCR、RT-PCR、western blot检测到重组病毒含MPB83基因并成功表达.     

牛分枝杆菌mpb64和Ag85B融合基因在大肠埃希氏菌中的原核表达

以牛分枝杆菌Vallee株基因组DNA为模板,应用PCR扩增获得mpb64和Ag85B两个目的基因片段,采用重叠延伸剪接技术（SOE）剪接mpb64和Ag85B,得到融合基因mpb64-Ag85B;将融合基因片段先克隆于pMD 18-T载体,再亚克隆到表达载体pET32a（＋）中,得到重组质粒pET64-85.该重组质粒经核苷酸序列测定,显示其中的外源片段与期望的序列一致;其BL21（DE3）转化菌经IPTG诱导表达带有6个组氨酸标签的融合蛋白;用Ni2＋螯合层析方法纯化融合蛋白,Western-blotting分析结果显示,该融合蛋白能与抗牛分枝杆菌阳性血清发生反应.     

牛分枝杆菌MPB70基因的克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

本研究以牛分枝杆菌Vallee111染色体DNA为模板,以MPB70成熟蛋白基因特异性引物进行PCR扩增,获得约500bp的DNA片段.通过T-A克隆技术,将PCR产物克隆至pGEM-T Vector中,成功地构建出克隆载体pGEM-T-70.以BamH Ⅰ和EcoR Ⅰ双酶切pGEM-T-70和pET28a( ),并将纯化的MPB70基因亚克隆至pET28a( )中,构建出原核表达载体pET28a-70.将pET28a-70转化至感受态E.coli BL21(DE3)中,经IPTG诱导和SDS-PAGE分析,可见约25Ku外源蛋白带.Western blot分析发现,该蛋白具有牛分枝杆菌抗原性,从而为进一步研究MPB70的亚单位疫苗及DNA疫苗奠定基础.     

基因免疫制备牛分枝杆菌MPB64抗原单克隆抗体

为了建立针对牛分枝杆菌分泌抗原MPB64的检测手段,制备该抗原的单克隆抗体,构建真核表达载体pcDNA-mpb64,以原核表达并纯化的融合蛋白H-MPB64包被ELISA板,建立单克隆抗体检测方法。利用基因免疫方法免疫BALB/c小鼠,通过杂交瘤技术筛选出针对牛分枝杆菌分泌蛋白MPB64的单克隆抗体一株,并制备了腹水,经鉴定腹水效价达到1∶10240,采用硫酸铵沉淀法纯化腹水,纯化抗体效价为1∶8000,为今后研制分枝杆菌鉴定技术奠定基础。     

牛分枝杆菌融合基因hsp65-esat6的原核表达及产物的纯化

以牛分枝杆菌ValleeⅢ株基因组DNA为模板扩增hsp65和esat6基因。采用重叠延伸剪接技术（SOE）获得了融合基因hsp65-esat6，将hsp65-esat6连接到原核表达载体pET32a（＋）上，构建重组质粒pET65-E6，将其转化到大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）感受态细胞中，以IPTG诱导（终浓度为1mmol／L），表达产物进行SDS—PAGE分析。以Ni^2＋亲和层析柱纯化表达的融合蛋白和Western—blot分析该融合蛋白的免疫活性。结果表明：Hsp65-ESAT6融合蛋白以包涵体形式表达。表达的融合蛋白裂解为两部分，即58ku和30ku，二者相加与预测大小88ku相符。纯化的融合蛋白能与抗牛分枝杆菌阳性血清发生反应。     

牛分支杆菌MPB70和CFP10-ESAT6基因的表达与检测

以牛分支杆菌染色体DNA为模板,分别以MPB70、CFP10-ESAT6融合蛋白基因特异性引物进行PCR扩增,获得约600 bp的DNA片段,并将其克隆入PQE30质粒,构建出原核表达载体PQE30-MPB70,PQE30-CFP10-ESAT6.将质粒转化至感受态DH5α中,经IPTG诱导和SDS-PAGE分析,可见相应外源蛋白带.纯化蛋白后作为包被抗原建立ELISA方法,为进一步研究牛结核病诊断方法奠定基础.     

牛分支杆菌MPT83基因的表达及重组蛋白的纯化

从牛分支杆菌培养物中抽提总DNA，扩增了MPT83基因，并克隆入pMD-18-T Simple Vector，将测序正确的目的基因插入表达载体pET-32a（＋）中，转化BL21（DE3）宿主菌，IPTG诱导表达，用亲和层析方法对表达蛋白进行了纯化。经测序，构建的克隆质粒pMD-MPT83与Gen-Bank中的序列一致；构建的表达质粒pET-MPT83经PCR和BamHI＋HindⅢ双酶切鉴定构建正确；经SDS-PAGE分析，在约42ku处出现新的蛋白条带，4h后表达量即达到高峰；Westernblotting分析表明，融合蛋白能够被牛分支杆菌阳性血清所识别；纯化的表达蛋白经SDS-PAGE电泳，出现清晰的单一条带。表明MPT83基因原核表达载体构建成功。     

Immunomodular effect of fusion gene DNA vaccine of avian metapneumoviruses

The objective of this work was to develop and evaluate the immunomodular effect of a DNA vaccine based on the fusion (F) gene of avian metapneumoviruses (aMPV) and to study its protection against field virus challenge, as this will help to better control the disease in turkeys. In this study, the F protein of the Egyptian isolate (Giza-turkey rhinotracheitis-4) of the B-subtype of aMPV isolated in 2009 was expressed from a DNA plasmid in Vero cells. After 1 i.m. injection of turkey poults with this plasmid, the antibody response was detected by ELISA. The turkey poults inoculated with locally prepared DNA aMPV vaccine had highly significant phagocytic activity, as measured by phagocytic percent and index of macrophage activation, in comparison to those inoculated with inactivated and live attenuated vaccines and with the noninfected control group. Intratracheal challenge of turkey poults at 21 d postvaccination by a dose of 100 uL of field Egyptian Giza-turkey rhinotracheitis-4 virus of a titer 6 log₁₀ tissue culture infective dose 50 resulted in 100% protection in poults that received locally prepared DNA aMPV vaccine, whereas those that received commercial aMPV vaccines experienced 80 and 90% protection; typical clinical signs of aMPV infection were seen in control nonvaccinated poults. Therefore, a high success rate was noted when using F gene DNA plasmid vaccine by the induction of a potent immunomodular effect for both cell-mediated and humoral immune response. The use of the F gene DNA plasmid vaccine developed in this study provided 100% protection in vaccinated poults, which can help in controlling aMPV infections in turkeys.     

Physiology, pathogenicity and immunogenicity of lon and/or cpxR deleted mutants of Salmonella Gallinarum as vaccine candidates for fowl typhoid

To construct a novel live vaccine candidate for fowl typhoid (FT) caused by Salmonella Gallinarum (SG), the lon and cpxR genes that are related to host-pathogen interaction were deleted from a wild type SG using the allelic exchange method. The mutants were grown normally, as was the wild type. The biochemical properties of the mutants remained very similar to those of the wild-type, while JOL914 (Δlon) and JOL916 (ΔlonΔcpxR) were mucoid. Extracellular polysaccharide increased 30.6-, 1.3-, and 46.2-fold in JOL914, JOL915 (ΔcpxR), and JOL916, respectively. Dot-blot analysis demonstrated significant increases of FimA expression at 6.77-, 2.33-, and 3.90-fold for JOL914, JOL915, and JOL916, respectively. Internalizations of JOL914, JOL915, and JOL916, in chicken abdominal macrophages, were increased at 4.65-, 0.50-, and 2.72-fold, respectively. Virulences of JOL914, JOL915 and JOL916, analyzed by LD₅₀ using 1-week-old chickens, were attenuated approximately at 10¹-, 10¹-, and > 10³-fold, respectively. The oral inoculations of 2 × 10⁷ cfu of the wild type, JOL914, JOL915 and JOL916 caused 55.6, 16.7, 22.2, and 0.0% mortality, respectively. Significantly moderate gross lesions of the liver and spleen were observed in the JOL916 group compared to the other groups. An induced immune response and significant peripheral mononuclear proliferation reaction were observed in the JOL916 group. At the protection against the wild type challenge, JOL916 offered 100% protection. Thus, the results of this study suggest that JOL916 among the mutants studied represented the safest and most effective live vaccine candidate against FT.     

DNA vaccine encoding avian influenza virus H5 and Esat-6 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis improved antibody responses against AIV in chickens

The H5 gene of avian influenza virus (AIV) strain A/chicken/Malaysia/5744/2004(H5N1) was cloned into pcDNA3.1 vector, and Esat-6 gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was fused into downstream of the H5 gene as a genetic adjuvant for DNA vaccine candidates. The antibody level against AIV was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Sera obtained from specific-pathogen-free chickens immunized with pcDNA3.1/H5 and pcDNA3.1/H5/Esat-6 demonstrated antibody responses as early as 2 weeks after the first immunization. Furthermore, the overall HI antibody titer in chickens immunized with pcDNA3.1/H5/Esat-6 was higher compared to the chickens immunized with pcDNA3.1/H5 (p < 0.05). The results suggested that Esat-6 gene of M. tuberculosis is a potential genetic adjuvant for the development of effective H5 DNA vaccine in chickens.