梳脱混合物复脱分离装置的研究

对梳脱式联合收割机复脱分离的特点及国内外研究情况进行了概述；分析了影响梳脱式联合收割机复脱分离工作性能的主要因素；根据梳脱混合物的特性，提出了梳脱式联合收割机复脱分离装置的设计方案。     

酿酒葡萄篱架梳脱运动试验台设计与应用

设计了由机架、液压站、行走机构、弓齿脱粒机构及葡萄果串藤架组成的酿酒葡萄篱架梳脱运动试验台,通过螺旋对辊、两侧梳脱装置的空间位置、对辊转速和行进速度等关键参数的调节,可进行柔性梳脱装置的试验,研究运动中柔性弓齿梳脱作业机理和各因素对梳脱的影响。通过脱粒过程运动学、动力学分析,研究了影响酿酒葡萄运动梳脱效果的主要因素为行进速度、对辊转速和弓齿螺旋角。在室内进行正交试验,结果表明,行进速度和对辊转速对脱粒率有一定影响,弓齿螺旋角的影响不显著,对辊转速从200 r/min增加到300 r/min,脱净率从75.7%提升到了92%,行进速度从0.4 m/s增加到0.7 m/s,脱净率从94.7%降低到78%;对于破损率,3个因素均不显著,约为20%左右。     

梳穗收获飞溅损失的分析和试验

梳穗收获时梳穗齿和穗头的梳脱位置对梳穗收获机的性能影响较大．本文对梳穗收获的飞溅损失进行了初步分析与探讨．确定降低飞溅损失的最佳梳脱区和有效梳脱区并进行了试验，找出了影响飞溅损失的主要参数。     

梳穗收获原理的梳脱次数的研究

梳穗收获的梳脱次数对漏梳损失的影响较大,本文对梳穗收获原理和主要参数进行了初步分析与探讨,建立了梳齿孔直径的数学模型,推导出了梳脱次数的计算公式,得出保证梳脱次数和主要结构参数间的关系。     

小型梳穗收获机收获损失的分析与试验

小型梳穗收获机运用梳穗收获原理,一次完成田间站秆谷物梳脱、粒穗分离、复脱、清选和装袋等工序.梳穗收获中,谷物损失率是衡量小型梳穗收获机性能的重要指标.为此,对影响其损失率大小的因素进行了分析,进行了一系列室内外单因子性能试验和正交试验,找出了最佳的结构参数.     

梳脱收获中作物运动模型的建立

通过对割前脱联合收割机梳脱滚筒的梳脱过程的分析,描述了梳脱收获中割台对作物的作用机理和作物运动状态的变化,导出了作物运动状态的数学模型。并基于梳脱过程的分析,引出了分析几种割台损失的基本思想。为割前脱联合收割机动态模拟研究提供了部分理论依据。     

牧草种子收获台的研究

本文介绍了梳脱式牧草种子收获台的工作原理,对牧草种子收获台的工艺流程进行了简述,介绍了该机梳脱机构的形式,对影响牧草种子收获损失率的因素进行了分析。结果表明,采用优化后的旋转单滚式梳脱机构,增加草种的二次回收装置可有效地降低收获台的梳落损失和回带损失。     

玉米梳脱摘穗割台设计与仿真分析

针对我国玉米种植行距多样,割台行距固定、适应性差的问题,设计玉米梳脱摘穗割台。该割台主要由梳脱摘穗单体机构、防堵机构、分禾杆、输送搅龙以及传动装置等构成。通过理论分析对梳脱摘穗单体机构、防堵机构、分禾杆、输送搅龙等部件的关键参数进行设计。对梳脱摘穗机构摘穗过程进行仿真分析,结果表明:在收获机前进速度为1 m/s,梳脱摘穗机构转速为140 r/min、150 r/min、160 r/min和170 r/min时,摘穗机构对果穗的作用力分别为600.06 N、779.49 N、837.43 N、906.34 N,随着梳脱摘穗机构转速的提高,果穗所受作用力增大,果穗破损的几率越大,并通过试验台试验验证仿真试验结论。     

基于Matlab的梳脱割台参数优化

梳脱割台是梳脱式联合收割机的主要工作部件.根据其工作原理,建立了梳脱割台参数优化的数学模型.选择遗传算法,利用Matlab语言编写优化程序,对梳脱割台参数进行求解.结果表明,Matlab对于求解梳脱割台参数是一个方便、快捷和有效的优化软件,对于从事农机优化设计研究具有指导意义.     

寒地超级稻摘脱台设计参数的试验研究

为进一步改善寒地超级稻霜前收获摘脱台的性能,降低梳脱损失,通过对影响摘脱台工作性能的主要参数和结构特点的分析,在4ZTL-1800型气吸式割前摘脱稻麦联合收割机研究基础上,设计了一种具有可更换3种滚筒的摘脱台。以摘脱台的总损失为评价指标,对摘脱滚筒线速度、喂入速度、喂入口开度与喂入口风速进行了单因素和多因素正交试验。单因素试验表明：摘脱滚筒线速度、喂入速度和喂入口风速三因素对摘脱损失有显著影响。正交试验表明：最佳组合为滚筒线速度23 m/s,喂入速度1.1 m/s,喂入口开度120 mm,喂入口气流速度14 m/s,此技术条件下摘脱损失不大于1%。所设计的摘脱台满足超级稻收获要求,并为超级稻割前摘脱联合收割机摘脱台的设计提供依据。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。