薄壳山核桃良种繁育技术

薄壳山核桃是近年来发展势头良好的经济树种,具有多种用途和较高经济价值,尤其是其干果和干果提炼油,倍受营养专家所推崇。为了加速薄壳山核桃的推广进程,详细介绍了薄壳山核桃实生苗繁育、嫁接繁育和快繁育苗技术,解决了生产中种苗和良种繁育难题。     

山核桃属种间嫁接亲和性分析

【目的】对山核桃属种间嫁接亲和性进行探讨分析,为嫁接砧穗的选择提供理论依据。【方法】以山核桃、薄壳山核桃、湖南山核桃2 a(年)生实生苗为砧木,分别与山核桃、薄壳山核桃、湖南山核桃当年生优良穗条嫁接,形成9个砧穗组合,通过萌芽率、成活率、生长指标、光响应曲线和荧光参数等指标综合评价嫁接亲和性。【结果】(1)以湖南山核桃和薄壳山核桃为砧木时,接穗萌芽率最高,分别为80.26%和78.52%,以湖南山核桃为砧木嫁接山核桃萌芽率提高了12%。(2)从嫁接苗的生长量来看,薄壳山核桃不宜嫁接在山核桃和湖南山核桃砧木上;而当以薄壳山核桃为砧木时,能促进山核桃和湖南山核桃的生长;湖南山核桃为砧木,能促进山核桃接穗粗度增加。(3)从光合指标来看,以薄壳山核桃为砧木的Amax显著高于以山核桃和湖南山核桃为砧木的苗木。LSP以薄壳山核桃为砧木时最高,从一定程度上可以表明在相同光照条件下,LSP较高的叶片不易光抑制,湖南山核桃嫁接在山核桃上能增强叶片的LSP,增强其抗光抑制能力。(4)薄壳山核桃为砧木、薄壳山核桃为接穗的嫁接苗栅栏组织最厚(145.665μm),植物利用光能的效率最高,也相应的使山核桃和湖南山核桃接穗的嫁接苗栅栏组织变厚。【结论】山核桃和湖南山核桃亲和性良好,以薄壳山核桃为砧木分别嫁接山核桃和湖南山核桃亲和性好,但分别以山核桃和湖南山核桃为砧木嫁接薄壳山核桃的亲和性差。     

薄壳山核桃丰产栽培技术

<正>薄壳山核桃,又称美国山核桃、长山核桃。安徽省自2010年开展薄壳山核桃科研项目攻关以来,逐步完善了薄壳山核桃在苗木繁育、规模造林、果园化丰产栽培等方面的技术环节,并制订了薄壳山核桃育苗技术操作规程。现将其丰产栽培技术介绍如下。1建园1.1苗木定植春秋季都可定植,但以秋季定植效果为好。     

薄壳山核桃山地嫁接与栽培技术

近年来薄壳山核桃作为一种新兴高档干果及木本油料作物,其产业在我国发展迅速,种植面积也在快速增加。而目前薄壳山核桃主要栽培于普通农田中,面对产业发展与土地资源短缺的矛盾,通过多年研究经验,系统总结了薄壳山核桃的山地嫁接与相应的栽培技术,旨在薄壳山核桃在山地的栽培和繁育提供技术支持。     

薄壳山核桃大棚容器育苗技术

为了解决薄壳山核桃育苗前期生长缓慢、嫁接成活率低、移栽难以成活等突出问题,连续4年进行了育苗方法的探索与嫁接技术的研究,总结出了一套薄壳山核桃大棚高效育苗技术。以大棚代替露天大田培育,促进了苗木前期生长,大大提高了苗木生长量;容器育苗代替大田常规育苗,使苗木根量大大增加,移栽成活率几近100%;大方块芽接代替传统的嫁接方法,使嫁接成活率达到96%以上;8月中下旬嫁接,接后不剪砧,翌年春季定植后再剪砧、除绑。     

核桃嫁接苗木繁育新技术

正栽植核桃嫁接良种苗木是实现核桃丰产、优质的重要措施。但是由于核桃嫁接受天气、砧木、接穗、嫁接方法、单宁等多方面因素的影响,造成核桃嫁接成活率偏低,制约了核桃嫁接良种苗木的快速繁育。为解决核桃苗木嫁接难题,提高核桃嫁接苗成活率,我们进行了多年核桃苗木嫁接试验,摸索出一套当年繁育实生苗,第2年进行夏季方块芽接的综合配套新技术,取得明显成效,成活率达到97%以上,苗木高度达到1.5 m以上。     

一种薄壳山核桃控温控湿嫁接繁殖方法

为了提高薄壳山核桃嫁接成活率,采用薄壳山核桃控温控湿的嫁接方法,对嫁接时的温度、湿度以及对嫁接前的砧木和接穗苗培育进行了严格的控制,通过营建盆栽采穗圃、砧木培育、自动化控温控湿嫁接繁殖步骤来实现,使薄壳山核桃的嫁接成活率由30%提高到85%以上的水平,为实现薄壳山核桃成功推向市场奠定了较好的园艺基础。     

薄壳山核桃实生园高换改良复壮技术

薄壳山核桃高接换种改良复壮技术对于老龄化果园更新是非常重要的。本文总结了薄壳山核桃品种选择,嫁接技术包括砧木处理、接穗准备、嫁接以及嫁接后管理,树冠培养等高接换种改良复壮技术,为从事薄壳山核桃生产的果农提供技术支持。     

核桃嫁接苗培育技术

嫁接繁育核桃良种苗是实现核桃良种化,栽培规模化,提高产量和品质的主要途径.但由于受伤流、单宁含量高及嫁接技术复杂等因素的制约,核桃嫁接成活率低,成为繁育良种苗木的瓶颈.为此我们进行了苗木的嫁接试验,采取第1年培育实生苗,第2年夏季芽接的方法,取得成功.嫁接成活率在90%左右,666.7平方米生产优质苗5000株,解决了核桃嫁接苗培育难的问题.     

薄壳山核桃丰产园营建关键技术

主要介绍了安徽省薄壳山核桃丰产园营建关键技术和方法,内容有:建园选址、苗木选择、苗木栽植、栽后管理等,以期为提高薄壳山核桃建园成活率、林相整体度,早日实现丰产高效提供技术支撑.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.