小花吊兰染色体制片优化与核型分析

以小花吊兰根尖为试材,采用常规压片法制备染色体玻片标本,研究了取材时间、预处理方法、解离方法以及染色时间对小花吊兰根尖细胞染色体制片效果的影响,优化制片技术并进行核型分析,以期为小花吊兰建立更加稳定、明晰的品种鉴定方法。结果表明:于8:00取小花吊兰根尖,0.05%秋水仙素预处理3h,卡诺氏液固定,1.0mol/L盐酸60℃下解离15min,改良卡宝品红染色15min,所得小花吊兰染色体制片效果较好。对小花吊兰体细胞染色体数目进行统计,核型分析表明,细胞染色体数为2n=2x=16,中部着丝粒染色体(m)为3对,近中部着丝粒染色体(sm)为4对,近端部着丝粒染色体(st)1对,核型公式为2n=2x=16=6m+8sm+2st,核型属2A型,核型不对称系数为64.39%。     

光皮梾木的核型分析

采用染色体压片方法,对光皮株木的染色体数目及核型进行分析.结果表明:光皮株木的染色体数目为2n=18,核型公式2n=2x=18=4sm+ 14m,臂比值变化范围在1.02～1.81之间,核型不对称系数(AS.K％)为58.06％,核型属于“1B”型.     

不同类型叶用芥菜核型分析

采用根尖染色体压片技术对大叶芥、小叶芥和白花芥的染色体核型进行分析。分析结果表明,大叶芥染色体数目为2n=4x=AABB=36,核型公式为2n=4x=14m+18sm+4st,核不对称系数为66.33%,属于"3B"型;小叶芥染色体数目为2n=4x=AABB=36,核型公式为2n=4x=30m+4sm+2st,核不对称系数为58.21%,属于"2B"型;白花芥染色体数目为2n=4x=AABB=36,核型公式为2n=4x=22m+12sm+2st,核不对称系数为61.61%,属于"2B"型。3种不同类型叶用芥菜没有出现染色体数目的变化,都属于小染色体,多数染色体为中部着丝点,只有在染色体长度、着丝点位置、核不对称系数等核型组成上出现了细微的差异,说明3种不同类型叶用芥菜间具有相似的遗传特性。核不对称系数,大叶芥白花芥小叶芥,在进化关系上,小叶芥属于相对原始的类型,大叶芥和白花芥进化程度更高。     

金鱼草染色体数目及核型分析

金鱼草为1,2年生草本花卉，目前还未见到关于金鱼草染色体核型分析的报道。试验用低温处理法对金鱼草染色体数目及核型进行研究，试验结果表明，金鱼草体细胞染色体数目为2n=16，染色体基数为8，核型公式为k（2n）=2x=16=12m＋2sm＋2st，核型分类属于2B型。为传统的植物形态描述分类提供了细胞学依据。     

薹菜的核型分析

采用根尖压片法对薹菜进行染色体数目和核型分析。结果表明：薹菜为二倍体,染色体数2n=20,核型公式为K（2n）=2X=20=7M+2T+St,染色体相对长度组成为2n=20=2L+4M2+4S,染色体组型为2A型。     

沙米染色体核型分析

采用染色体常规制片法,结合显微摄影技术对沙米(Agriophyllum squarrosum(Linn.)Moq.)染色体进行检测分析。结果表明:沙米为二倍体,体细胞染色体数目为18;核型公式为2n=2×=18=14m+4sm,染色体相对长度组成为10M1+8M2,全组染色体长为24.09μm,核型不对称系数(AS.K%)为58.86%,属于1A型;染色体总体积为85.95μm3。     

大果沙枣和尖果沙枣的核型分析

以萌发种子的根尖为材料,对大果沙枣和尖果沙枣的进行了染色体核型分析。结果表明:2种沙枣体细胞染色体较小,染色体数目均为2n=2x=28;大果沙枣染色体核型有公式为2n=2x=28=10m+10sm+8st,核型不对称系数为68.61%,属于3B型;尖果沙枣染色体核型公式为2n=2x=28=12m+10sm(2SAT)+6st,核型不对称系数为67.33%,属于2B型。     

珠芽魔芋核型分析

对珠芽魔芋根尖细胞有丝分裂染色体进行核型分析,结果表明:珠芽魔芋体细胞染色体数目为2n=39,染色体基数X=13,核型公式为:2n=3X=39=33m+6sm,染色体长度类型公式:2n=39=9L+6M2+15M1+9s,全组染色体总长697.31um,核不对称系数为59%。属于Stebbins核型分类中的"2B"型。     

兜兰宽瓣亚属8种植物的核型比较

 对兜兰宽瓣亚属( Paphiopedilum subgenus brachypetalum ) 8种植物的染色体数目和核型进行比较研究。结果表明: 供试的兜兰原生种的染色体数目均为26, 二倍体。白花兜兰( P. emersonii) 2n = 2x =26 = 18m + 8sm, 核型不对称系数59190%; 同色兜兰( P. concolor) 2n = 2x = 26 = 2M + 18m + 4sm + 2st, 核型不对称系数56.90%; 巨瓣兜兰( P. bellatulum ) 2n = 2x = 26 = 22m + 2sm + 2st, 核型不对称系数56.10%; 汉氏兜兰( P. hangianum ) 2n = 2x = 26 = 22m + 4sm, 核型不对称系数58.64%; 麻栗坡兜兰(P. m alipoense) 2n = 2x = 26 = 20m + 6sm, 核型不对称系数59.41%; 浅斑兜兰( P. jackii) 2n = 2x = 26 =14m + 10sm + 2st, 核型不对称系数63.00%; 杏黄兜兰( P. arm eniacum ) 2n = 2x = 26 = 24m + 2sm, 核型不对称系数55.05%; 硬叶兜兰( P. micranthum ) 2n = 2x = 26 = 20m + 6sm, 核型不对称系数56.91%。除同色兜兰、巨瓣兜兰和汉氏兜兰的核型类型为“2A”外, 其它为“2B”。染色体长度变化不明显, 主要由中部着丝粒染色体和近中部着丝粒染色体组成, 未见随体结构。这些核型特征为兜兰属植物的系统进化提供了细胞分类学的理论依据。     

两种观赏吊兰的核型分析

应用根尖压片法研究了2种吊兰的染色体数目、核型.结果表明:金边吊兰(C.comosum variegatum Hort)体细胞中期兰的染色体核型:2n=2x=28=8m+10sm(1SAT)+10st,不对称系数AS.K% =69.4%.染色体相对长度组成为2n=2x=28=2L+4M2+6M1+2S,属3A型.金心吊兰(C.comosum Medio-pictum Hort)体细胞中期兰的染色体核型: 2n=2x=28=4 m+18 sm+6 st,不对称系数AS.K%=68.1%.染色体相对长度组成为2n=2x=28=2L+5M2+5M1+2S,属3B型.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.