Generation and Analysis of Expressed Sequence Tags （ESTs） from Muscle Full-Length cDNA Library of Wujin Pig

Porcine skeletal muscle genes play a major role in determining muscle growth and meat quality. Construction of a full-length cDNA library is an effective way to understand the expression of functional genes in muscle tissues. In addition, novel genes for further research could be identified in the library. In this study, we constructed a full-length cDNA library from porcine muscle tissue. The estimated average size of the cDNA inserts was 1 076 bp, and the cDNA fullness ratio was 86.2%. A total of 1 058 unique sequences with 342 contigs （32.3%） and 716 singleton （67.7%） expressed sequence tags （EST） were obtained by clustering and assembling. Meanwhile, 826 （78.1%） ESTs were categorized as known genes, and 232 （21.9%） ESTs were categorized as unknown genes. 65 novel porcine genes that exhibit no identity in the TIGR gene index of Sus scrofa and 124 full-length sequences with unknown functions were deposited in the dbEST division of GenBank （accession numbers： EU650784-EU650788, GE843306, GH228978-GH229100）. The abundantly expressed genes in porcine muscle tissue were related to muscle fiber development, energy metabolism and protein synthesis. Gene ontology analysis showed that sequences expressed in porcine muscle tissue contained a high percentage of binding activity, catalytic activity, structural molecule activity and motor activity, which involved mainly in metabolic, cellular and developmental process, distributed mainly in intracellular region. The sequence data generated in this study would provide valuable information for identifying porcine genes expressed in muscle tissue and help to advance the study on the structure and function of genes in pigs.     

Molecular Identification and Cultivar Fingerprints of Prunus persica （L.） Batsch Germplasms

[Objective] The aim was to study the molecular identification and cultivar fingerprints of Prunus persica （L.） Batsch germplasms.[Method] Sixty peach genotypes,representing China common local cultivars and European samples were screened by microsatellites （simple sequence repeats,SSRs） and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat （ISSR） markers.[Result] 26 reproducible bands were amplified by Nine SSR primers,and 24 of which were polymorphic; 236 bands were amplified by 30 ISSR primers,and 113 of which were polymorphic.31 genotypes were discriminated with 1-3 distinct polymorphic bands generated from the primers ISSR and SSR.Seven cultivar-specific ISSR fragments and two SSR unique alleles obtained from this study were available to be converted into Sequence Characterized Amplified Region （SCAR） markers.The genetic similarity coefficient （GS） estimated from these molecular data averaged were 0.939 （ranged from 0.856 to 0.983） for ISSR and 0.646 （ranged from 0.240 to 1.000） for SSR,respectively.The combined grouping association indicated that most local Chinese peach cultivars and exotic accessions were clustered together.This could be related to the mode of introduction and maintenance of the peach cultivars involving limited foundation germplasm,exchange of cultivars between plantations,and periodic development of new recombinant cultivars following sexual reproduction.[Conclusion] The results obtained in this work would help to improve the conservation,molecular identification and management of peach germplasm in breeding.     

Analysis and Evaluation of Nutritional Quality in Chinese Radish （Raphanus sativus L. ）

Radish （Raphanus sativus L.） is an important vegetable crop worldwide. High nutritional quality was critical in its genetic improvement and production. The nutritional quality of 42 Chinese radish cultivars was analyzed in this study. The contents of six nutritional facts, dry matter （DM）, crude fiber （CF）, total soluble sugar （TSS）, vitamin C （Vc）, protein, and nitrate, ranged from 29.7 to 88.2, 4.507 to 18.546, 2.233 to 15.457, 0.1416 to 0.3341, 0.34 to 1.15, and 1.81 to 5.89 g·kg^-1 fresh weight （FW）, respectively. Significant differences among the 42 radish cultivars were detected in the contents of nutritional facts. The data were subjected to cross-correlation analysis and principal component analysis （PCA）. It was found that DM content was positively correlated with the content of TSS （r=0.7104）, Vc （r=0.4011） and protein （r=0.4120）. Vitamin C （Vc） content of radish showed a positive correlation （r = 0.3300） with the protein content. According to the principal component analysis, out of the 42 radish cultivars, Nau-17, Nau-28, Nau-6, Nau-11, Nau-10, Nau-27, and Nau-31 were detected with very high scores in comprehensive evaluation. It could be concluded that abundant diversity of nutritional fact content occurred in different radish genotypes, and PCA analysis was effective for selecting radish germplasm with high quality. The results could contribute useful knowledge of nutritional quality, and provide important germplasms for the elite cultivar development and the inheritance study of nutritional facts in radish.     

Monosomic Addition Lines of Flowering Chinese Cabbage （B. campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. parachinensis L. H. Bailey）-Chinese Kale （B. oleracea L. var. alboglabra L. H. Bailey）

Interspecific alien addition lines have played significant roles in gene mapping, intergenomic gene transfer and chromosomal homoeological identification between closely related species. Selection of alien addition lines was conducted by karyotype analysis and morphological observation with the reference of parents. Triploid interspecies hybrid （AAC, 2n = 3x = 29） was obtained from Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. parachinensis Qinglu 9601 （tetraploid, AAAA, 2n = 4x = 40） x B. oleracea var. alboglabra Baihua 9705 （diploid, CC, 2n = 2x = 18） by immature hybrid embryo culture in vitro. Five different alien monosomic addition lines （AA ＋ C2, AA ＋ C3, AA ＋ C4, AA ＋ C6, AA ＋ C7） were obtained from the backcross progenies of AAC x AA. Each alien monosomic addition line has some specific morphological characters. It is feasible to obtain alien addition lines from the progenies of AAC × AA by karyotype analysis and morphological observation based on the reference of parents     

中国樱桃泰山干樱的组织培养及植株再生研究

以中国樱桃泰山干樱(Prunus pseudocerasus Lindl.)一年生枝的休眠芽为外植体,研究了不同种类和不同浓度生长调节物质对泰山干樱初代培养、增殖和生根的影响。结果表明,泰山干樱的最佳初代培养基为MS 6-BA1.0mg/L IBA0.2mg/L;MS培养基中分别加入0.5mg/L6-BA和0.1mg/LZT,增殖效果最好,增殖系数达6.8,有效新梢数可达80.2%;组培苗在1/2MS IBA0.5mg/L培养基上根诱导效果最好,生根率可达80%,平均根长4.54cm;移栽到草炭土和河沙1:1的混合基质中,温室炼苗后,成活率可达70%以上。     

中国樱桃S-RNase基因特异PCR扩增技术体系的研究

利用已报道的李属S-RNase基因特异PCR的2对引物,分别对中国樱桃的5个品种进行了S-RNase基因的PCR扩增。用2对引物先优化PCR体系,然后比较扩增效果。结果表明:2对引物对中国樱桃品种的扩增效果不同。其中,引物EM-PC2consFD+EM-PC3consRD扩增效果最好;其次为PaConsⅠ-F+PaConsⅡ-R引物。因此,EM-PC2consFD+EM-PC3consRD及相应的PCR体系适于中国樱桃S-RNase基因的PCR扩增。本结果建立了中国樱桃S-RNase基因扩增的技术体系,为探讨中国樱桃自交亲和分子基础奠定了技术基础。     

樱桃菌根真菌分离培养条件及有效性

采用PDA培养基、PDA-抗生素培养基以及MMN培养基,通过切片法从一年生樱桃(Prunus pseudocerassus)根中分离菌根真菌,用打孔法分离得到纯化菌株,并对菌株的生理生化特征进行系统鉴定.结果表明,切片分离时的表面消毒条件和方法以及分离培养基的选用均直接影响菌根真菌的分离纯化结果及菌根真菌的多样性.该菌利用HgCl处理6 min,接种在改良MMN培养基中分离效果最好,该菌的最适pH 7,最适温度为25℃,最适P浓度KH2PO4和K2HPO4分别为0.50 g/L和1.00 g/L,最适C源为可溶性淀粉,最适N源为尿素.将该菌加入到生长基质中能将炼苗期的樱桃苗的成活率由73％提高到86％.     

高温、强光胁迫对苹果树冠不同方位果实生理状态的影响

在温室生长的条件下,以一年生中国矮樱桃品种‘莱阳’幼苗(Prunus pseudocerasus L. cv. Laiyang)为试材,研究了中国矮樱桃叶片生长和光合作用对不同光照环境(100%、70%、48%、30%、11%)的适应性调节。结果表明,随着光照强度减弱,樱桃叶面积变大,比叶重下降,叶片变薄,栅栏组织与海绵组织的比值上升。弱光处理还降低了樱桃叶片净光合速率、叶片光饱和点和光补偿点、叶绿素a/b比值,同时提高了叶片可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量。     

毛樱桃茎尖培养的初步研究

本文研究了影响毛樱桃(Prunus tomentosa Thunb.)茎尖培养的有关因素。毛樱桃茎尖在 MS,G,L 三种培养基上均可增殖生长,但以在 L 培养基中生长较好。在附加的六类激素中,以 IBA,BA 最为有效,适宜的浓度为 IBA 1.0,BA 1.0或 ZT 1.0。诱导生根以1/2培养基附加 NAA 0.1较好,削伤和暗培养可大大提高生根率。移栽入土前,在0.1%克菌丹溶液中浸根5分钟可提高成活率。     

11个中国杏品种S-RNase基因的检测与序列分析

以11个未知基因型的中国杏品种为试材,根据李属植物S-RNase基因保守区设计2对引物组合检测各品种S-RNase基因,共获得22条等位扩增片段,电泳检测表明所有品种的扩增条带集中在300~1100bp的范围内,且表现出一定的长度多态性。序列分析进一步确定22个S-RNase基因为10个不同的等位基因,其中6个为首次发现,根据Gen-Bank中已登陆的杏S-RNase基因的顺序,分别命名为S19、S20、S23、S24、S25、S26,序列登陆号为:EF185300、EF185301、EU037262、EU037263、EU037264、EU037265。推导氨基酸序列的同源分析表明,杏的S-RNase与李属植物的S-RNase表现较高的同源性,为59.3%~100%;与苹果和梨的S-RNase同源性较低,为19.6%~31.6%。试验确定11个中国杏品种资源的自交不亲和基因型分别为:‘大果杏’S19/S20,‘张公园’S24/S25,‘二红’S9/S11,‘黄口外’S11/S26,‘植丸子’S11/S17,‘宇宙红’、‘大丰’S17/S23,‘超仁’、‘虹桥’S8/S11,‘冀光’、‘中华大杏梅’S8/S9;部分品种的田间杂交授粉座果与花粉管荧光显微镜观察证实了所鉴定基因型的可靠性。     

不同光质对中国樱桃叶片离体再生的影响

以中国樱桃(Prunus pseudocerasus Lindl.)组培苗为试验材料,采用新型照明光源—T5(28 W蓝光和红光)处理,日光灯为对照,对中国樱桃叶片再生的形态指标、叶绿素含量、POD活性、MDA含量、可溶性蛋白含量进行测定,分析新型照明光源(蓝光、红光、蓝光∶红光=1∶2)对中国樱桃叶片再生各项指标的影响。结果表明,新型照明光源处理的组培苗各项形态指标与日光灯光照处理具有明显差异,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量、类胡萝卜素含量、可溶性蛋白含量均高于对照组。POD活性、MDA含量与日光灯光照处理差别不大。新型照明光源对中国樱桃叶片再生具有一定的有利影响,值得推广应用。     

避雨栽培对南方甜樱桃生长发育影响研究进展

避雨栽培可提高甜樱桃的产量和品质,尤其是在多雨地区。笔者从生长环境、物候期、营养生长、生殖生长及病虫害五个角度,结合前人的研究分析了避雨栽培对甜樱桃生长发育的影响。并探讨了避雨设施未来的发展前景,以期为南方多雨地区栽培甜樱桃提供一定参考。     

钙果奶酪涂抹酱的研制

[目的]以自制的鲜奶酪和钙果为主要原料,研究钙果奶酪涂抹酱的最佳配方。[方法]利用单因素试验和L9（34）正交试验,以产品的感官评价为指标,确定产品最佳的配方。[结果]该产品的最佳配方为：在鲜酪中分别添加9%钙果汁、0.2%黄原胶、3%乳化剂、8%蔗糖。[结论]该产品不仅丰富了奶酪品种,而且提高了奶酪的营养价值。     

中国樱桃泰小红樱的组培快繁研究

以中国樱桃＇泰小红樱＇的茎段为外植体,研究WPM和MS不同培养基以及6-BA和NAA不同激素浓度组合对外植体增殖的影响,建立其组织培养的快繁体系。结果表明：（1）泰小红樱茎段最佳的初代培养基为MS＋1.0 mg/L6-BA＋0.1 mg/L NAA,诱导分化率高,腋芽新梢生长健壮;（2）最佳继代培养基为WPM＋1.0 mg/L6-BA＋0.1 mg/L NAA,丛芽增殖与腋芽增殖并存,增殖倍数显著提高,高达8.0倍,且芽苗健壮,叶色浓绿;（3）最佳生根培养基为1/2MS＋0.5 mg/L IBA＋20 g/L蔗糖＋5 g/L琼脂,生根率高,根系长且数量多。