水疱性口炎研究进展

水疱性口炎（Vesicular stomatitis，VS）是由水疱性口炎病毒（Vesicular stomatitisvirus，VSV）引起的多种哺乳动物的一种急性高度接触性传染病，以马、牛、猪等动物较易感，绵羊和山羊也可感染。临床上以舌、唇、口腔黏膜、乳头和蹄冠等处上皮发生水疱为主要特征。当马不发病时，VS在临床症状上很难与口蹄疫（FMD）、猪水疱病（SV）、猪水疱性疹（VES）区别开来。人也偶有感染VS，引起流感样症状，严重者可引起脑炎。     

应用RT-PCR方法快速检测水泡性口炎病毒

针对水泡性口炎病毒(VSV)的两种血清型设计了2对引物，建立RT-PCR方法，用于检测VSV。VSV接种细胞出现明显的细胞病变，经RT-PCR检测为阳性，而检测口蹄疫、猪水泡病均为阴性，说明引物具有较好的特异性。     

水泡性口炎病毒N蛋白的原核表达和鉴定

根据GenBank已公布的水泡性口炎病毒(Vesicular stomatitis virus,VSV)N基因序列,设计上、下游引物,以VSV-NJ核酸为模板进行RT-PCR扩增,扩增产物克隆至pET52 3C/LIC载体中,成功构建了pET52-VSV N表达载体。将pET52-VSV N重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)进行融合表达,经SDS-PAGE电泳分析,可见VSV N蛋白成功得到了表达,融合蛋白的分子量约为50KD,Western blot分析表明所表达的重组蛋白可与VSV阳性羊血清发生特异性反应,表达的VSV N蛋白可以作为建立VSV抗体检测方法的抗原。     

猪的水疱样疫病的流行特点调查与控制

猪的水疱样疫病是由一种或几种病原体协同感染引起猪以皮肤（多数在蹄部、口腔、鼻端和母猪乳房部）黏膜上发生水疱、浅表性溃疡等损伤为特征的具有高度传染性的急性、热性、间接接触性传染病的总称,这些病原体可能是口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）、水泡性口炎病毒（VSV）、猪水疱病病毒（SVDV）、猪痘病毒（SPV）或猪水疱疹病毒（SVEV）等。     

二重荧光RT-LAMP方法鉴别检测口蹄疫病毒和水泡性口炎病毒

口蹄疫和水泡性口炎是牛常见高度急性病毒传染病,在全球范围内广泛存在。本研究旨在建立一种可同时鉴别口蹄疫病毒和水泡性口炎病毒的二重荧光RT-LAMP检测方法。根据口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)3D基因和水泡性口炎病毒(VSV)N基因的保守序列,设计了2套特异性引物,在每条内引物的5′端标记荧光基团,通过扩增产物颜色判断检测结果。优化反应条件,建立了可同时检测口蹄疫病毒和水泡性口炎病毒的二重荧光RT-LAMP方法。结果显示,该方法灵敏性高,每个反应最低能够检测到100个拷贝混合模板;特异性好,能在同一个反应管里检测到两种病毒,对其他牛病原体无扩增;干扰性小,扩增效率不受模板浓度影响。本研究建立的口蹄疫病毒和水泡性口炎病毒二重荧光RT-LAMP方法具有简便、快速、特异、敏感等优点,可用于FMDV和VSV的临床检测和流行病学调查。     

水泡性口炎病毒人工感染小白鼠的组织学和免疫组织化学观察

水泡性口炎病毒（VSV）具有广泛的宿主范围，临床血清学调查发现，许多动物表现为血清阳性[1]，可以感染多种试验动物和禽类。感染动物大多数表现为阴性感染和持续性感染，本试验以小白鼠为攻毒对象，探讨VSV在体内的致病作用，进一步了解病毒在机体内的分布及其所引起的组织病理学变化。     

水泡性口炎病毒血清型特异LUX实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法的建立

采用LUX荧光核酸扩增技术原理,以水泡性口炎病毒（VSV）NJ、IND型NS基因为模板分别设计并合成单标记LUX荧光引物,建立血清型特异的VSV荧光RT—PCR检测方法。试验表明,两种型特异的LUX荧光RT-PCR能分别特异地鉴定VSV血清型,对口蹄疫、猪水泡病等病毒以及对照细胞、健康动物组织RNA样品的检测结果均为阴性。对比检测试验表明,LUX荧光RT—PCR的检测敏感性比常规RT-PCR提高达10倍以上,对VSV细胞增殖病毒液的检测灵敏度可达1 TCID50。对人工感染豚鼠样品以及临床样品的检测试验证实,该LUX荧光RT—PCR可有效检测到人工感染动物组织以及进口牛临床样品中的水泡性口炎病毒,并能鉴定感染病毒血清型。所报道的检测方法,包括样品核酸提取、LUX荧光RT—PCR以及熔解曲线分析,可在3h内完成。     

水疱性口炎研究进展

水疱性口炎(VS)是由水疱性口炎病毒(VSV)引起的人畜共患的重大动物疫病.VS病毒生态学复杂,易感动物较多,传播媒介种类广,病毒可在一定区域内长期存在.VSV主要呈嗜上皮性,大量流涎是家畜感染最重要的临床症状,其特征为口腔黏膜、乳房皮肤及蹄冠部皮肤出现水泡及糜烂,人感染后出现类似流感的症状.由于其临床症状与口蹄疫不易区别,发病时容易引起国际贸易恐慌,因此,对VS诊断防治的研究有着重要的社会经济和公共卫生意义.文章从分子生物学特征、流行病学、诊断和防控4个方面对水疱性口炎的研究进行了综述.     

多重RT-PCR检测猪口蹄疫病毒、猪水泡病病毒和猪水疱性口炎病毒的研究

建立了一种同时检测猪口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)、猪水泡病病毒(SVDV)和猪水疱性口炎病毒(VSV)三种病原体的多重RT-PCR方法。参照文献报道的基因序列,设计合成了三对特异性引物;PCR扩增条件进行优化后,用这三对引物对同一样品中的FMDV、SVDV、VSVRNA模板进行扩增,结果同时得到了三条特异性条带,大小与试验设计相符:FMDV(208bp)、SVDV(862bp)、VSV(638bp),且对猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合症病毒(PRRSV)和猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)核酸扩增结果为阴性;三种病毒RNA模板检出的最小量均为10fg。试验证明,此方法经济、快速、敏感、特异,可用于FMDV、SVDV和VSV这三种猪水泡性疾病的鉴别诊断及流行病学调查。     

表达水疱性口炎病毒G基因重组新城疫病毒的构建及免疫原性研究

水疱性口炎是由水疱性口炎病毒(VSV)引起的人兽共患性传染病,在我国尚无可用疫苗。为研制安全有效的水疱性口炎疫苗,本研究以新城疫病毒(NDV)LaSota弱毒疫苗株反向遗传操作系统为基础,构建并拯救出表达VSV糖蛋白(GP)的重组病毒(rLa-VSV-G)。间接免疫荧光、激光共聚焦、western blot等试验证明VSV-GP在重组病毒中正确表达;体外致病试验结果表明,rLa-VSV-G保持了LaSota亲本株的低致病性和高滴度的鸡胚生长特性;rLa-VSV-G接种4周龄~5周龄BALB/c雌性小鼠后,可以诱导显著的VSV中和抗体反应。本研究表明,重组病毒rLa-VSV-G具有作为防控VSV储备性疫苗的潜力。     

猪水疱性口炎病毒基因及其疫苗的研究进展

猪水疱性口炎是由水疱性口炎病毒引起的高度接触传染性的病毒性疾病。其临床特征为猪的唇部,鼻及口腔等处发生水疱,并从口中不断向外流涎,有时常常还发生在蹄冠和趾间皮肤上,其症状主要以水疱为主。该病在全球许多地区造成广泛流行。近年来,由于产品贸易量的增加,猪水疱性口炎病毒也陆续的传入我国。由于该病与猪水疱病、猪口蹄疫和猪水疱性疹等病毒性疾病容易混淆,因此对该病做出准确地诊断与防制显得尤为重要。在VSV疫苗的研究方面,主要是灭活疫苗和弱毒疫苗的研究,而在新型疫苗的研究方面很少。本文主要综述了猪水疱性口炎病毒的基因及其疫苗的研究进展,为进一步了解和预防该病提供参考依据。     

Vesicular stomatitis and other vesicular, erosive, and ulcerative diseases of horses.

Physical trauma, dietary factors, certain toxins, immune mediated disorders, and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection are known causes of stomatitis in horses. There is evidence that some outbreaks of equine stomatitis are caused by as yet unidentified infectious agents. It remains to be determined whether stomatitis is an emerging equine infectious disease, or if the increase in reported cases is simply the result of greater public awareness as a consequence of widespread outbreaks of VSV in the southwestern United States in recent years. Focused laboratory and epidemiological studies are necessary to more adequately define non-VS related infectious and noninfectious causes of equine stomatitis.     

Microarray-based detection of viruses causing vesicular or vesicular-like lesions in livestock animals

Definitive diagnosis of vesicular or vesicular-like lesions in livestock animals presents challenges both for veterinary clinicians and diagnostic laboratories. It is often impossible to diagnose the causative disease agent on a clinical basis alone and difficult to collect ample vesicular epithelium samples. Due to restrictions of time and sample size, once laboratory tests have ruled out foot-and-mouth disease, vesicular stomatitis and swine vesicular disease a definitive diagnosis may remain elusive. With the ability to test a small quantity of sample for a large number of pathogens simultaneously, DNA microarrays represent a potential solution to this problem. This study describes the application of a long oligonucleotide microarray assay to the identification of viruses known to cause vesicular or vesicular-like lesions in livestock animals. Eighteen virus isolates from cell culture were successfully identified to genus level, including representatives of each foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype, two species of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), swine vesicular disease virus, vesicular exanthema of swine virus (VESV), bovine herpesvirus 1, orf virus, pseudocowpox virus, bluetongue virus serotype 1 and bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1. VSV and VESV were also identified in vesicular epithelium samples, with varying levels of sensitivity. The results indicate that with further development this microarray assay could be a valuable tool for the diagnosis of vesicular and vesicular-like diseases.     

Oral vesicular lesions in horses without evidence of vesicular stomatitis virus infection

OBJECTIVE: To report clinical and serologic findings in horses with oral vesicular lesions that were consistent with vesicular stomatitis (VS) but apparently were not associated with VS virus (VSV) infection. DESIGN: Serial case study. ANIMALS: 8 horses. PROCEDURE: Horses were quarantined after appearance of oral lesions typical of VS. Severity of clinical signs was scored every 2 to 5 days for 3 months. Serum samples were tested for antibodies by use of competitive ELISA (cELISA), capture ELISA for IgM, serum neutralization, and complement fixation (CF). Virus isolation was attempted from swab specimens of active lesions. RESULTS: 2 horses with oral vesicular lesions on day 1 had antibodies (cELISA and CF) against VSV; however, results of CF were negative by day 19. Five of the 6 remaining horses were seronegative but developed oral lesions by day 23. Virus isolation was unsuccessful for all horses. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Horses were quarantined for 75 days in compliance with state and federal regulations. However, evidence suggests that oral lesions were apparently not associated with VSV infection. The occurrence in livestock of a vesicular disease that is not caused by VSV could confound efforts to improve control of VS in the United States and could impact foreign trade. Vesicular stomatitis is of substantial economic and regulatory concern.     

A prospective study of vesicular stomatitis in cattle in an enzootic region of Mexico

A prospective study of vesicular stomatitis was conducted in two bovine herds in southeastern Mexico. In July 1987, an initial serological screening showed that 64% and 87% of the 654 cattle tested negatively to vesicular stomatitis New Jersey and Indiana antibodies, respectively, using the plaque-reduction serum neutralization test. Most seropositive animals were at least 24 months of age. Based on the initial serological screening, cohorts of seronegative and seropositive cattle were monitered (January–December 1988) for the prevalence of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The serological results, using ELISA, indicated that no VSV activity occured in the two study herds. The seronegative cohort of cattle did not yield a positive seroconversion pattern to either VSV Indiana or New Jersey. The seropositive cohort showed a variable antibody response pattern against the VSV. There were no clinical cases of vesicular stomatitis (VS) in the two herds. The data from the national surveillance program for vesicular diseases suggested that 1988 was a year of low VSV infection incidence in southeastern Mexico.     

Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to vesicular stomatitis virus in cattle in an enzootic region of Mexico.

An ELISA was compared with the plaque-reduction serum neutralization (PRSN) test, for detection of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) antibodies in cattle in a vesicular stomatitis enzootic region of Mexico. A total of 325 bovine serum samples were screened for VSV antibodies. The PRSN test was performed, using Vero cells. The ELISA contained gradient-purified VSV Indiana (Lab strain) and VSV New Jersey (Hazelhurst) as the antigens. Regression analysis and weighted kappa statistic were used to estimate measures of agreement between the 2 assays for detection of VSV antibodies. The ELISA method proved useful for serodiagnosis of vesicular stomatitis. The ELISA and PRSN test results were highly correlated for detection of VSV antibodies.     

水泡性口炎病毒双抗体夹心ELISA检测方法的建立

为建立方便快捷的水泡性口炎病毒(VSV)检测方法,本研究以抗VSV单克隆抗体(MAb)为捕获抗体,兔抗VSV多克隆抗体为检测抗体,建立VSV双抗体夹心ELISA检测方法。结果显示,该方法的最佳工作条件为:抗VSV MAb 1A2的包被浓度为3.09μg/mL,兔抗VSV多克隆抗体和酶标抗体的工作浓度分别为5.16μg/mL和1∶5 000,以OD450nm≥0.231作为阳性判定标准。该ELISA方法对猪水泡病病毒、猪水疱疹病毒及羊传染性脓疱病毒等均无交叉反应;敏感度可达3.125μg/mL(101TCID50);其重复性变异系数小于10%。采用建立的ELISA方法与RT-PCR方法同时检测187份临床样品,符合率达到97.9%,具有良好的相关性。本实验建立的VSV双抗体夹心ELISA检测方法具有特异性好、敏感性高、成本低及方便快捷等优点,可以用于VSV的快速检测。     

VSV的RT-PCR快速检测方法的建立

选取水泡性口炎病毒 N基因序列 ,设计 1对引物 ,建立检测水泡性口炎病毒的 RT- PCR方法。对VSV各毒株进行检测 ,结果均为阳性 ,而对反刍动物病毒性疾病相关病毒进行检测 ,结果均为阴性。结果表明所建立的 RT- PCR技术可用于水泡性口炎的诊断和流行病学调查