云南省大中型沼气工程建设现状及发展对策研究

近年来,云南省大中型沼气工程建设取得了一定的成果,然而有关大中型沼气工程建设现状和发展对策方面的研究较少。为探索云南省大中型沼气工程建设中存在的问题,笔者对云南省多个地州的大中型沼气工程进行了实地调查,总结出云南省大中型沼气工程发展的经验和不足。针对云南省大中型沼气工程发展中存在的问题,提出相应的发展对策及建议,以期对云南省大中型沼气工程发展起到一定的促进作用。     

牛家峪村沼气建设的思考

建设大中型沼气工程既能治理畜禽养殖业污染,同时为农村提供新的能源,还能利用沼渣、沼液发展生态农业。通过对义井镇牛家峪村建设大型沼气的分析,剖析了阳泉市发展大中型沼气的制约因素,并提出了加快阳泉市大中型沼气发展的对策。     

应充分发挥农村沼气在林业恢复重建中的作用

本文主要阐述了发展农村沼气在桂林林业遭受冰雪灾害后的恢复重建工作中能发挥的作用.通过搞好农村沼气来解决灾民的生活用能、减少对薪柴的消耗,利用沼气这个纽带来发展一些种、养殖业项目为灾民增加收入,从而实现灾民尽快摆脱受灾对其生活的影响,以及在灾后发展沼气建设的可行性和重要意义,并提出了对今后发展农村沼气的措施.     

濮阳市农村沼气服务体系建设实践及探讨

沼气服务体系建设是确保农村沼气建设成果的关键措施,建立高效、规范的沼气技术服务体系将加快农村沼气的发展,本文以濮阳市农村沼气服务体系建设实践为例,对做好沼气技术服务体系建设进行了探讨,并提出相应建议。     

滨州市农村沼气发展现状分析及建议

文章对滨州市农村沼气发展现状进行分析,以黄河三角洲高效生态经济区发展规划为指导,提出了以大力发展农村沼气建设,将沼气建设与农业生产和农业产业化相结合的建议,促进滨州市高效生态农业发展.     

农村沼气协会建立、运行机制及发展对策——以江苏省涟水县小李集为例

沼气建设快速发展的过程中,沼气池的使用管理对沼气的健康发展十分重要。我国各地开展了多种形式的沼气物业化管理服务试点,因地制宜地建立了各种沼气物业化管理服务模式。通过对涟水县小李集沼气协会的实地考察,走访协会负责人、沼气技术工、沼气用户等,对协会运行现状、运行模式、组织管理、存在问题等进行了分析和探讨,提出了农村沼气协会建设的发展对策。     

我国农村沼气产业化发展的制约因素及对策

农村沼气在保护农村环境、缓解农村能源危机以及发展农村经济中起到了重要的作用,沼气产业化是未来沼气发展的必然趋势。为此,分析了我国农村沼气产业化发展的必要性和可行性,并对影响中国农村沼气产业化的障碍因素进行了剖析,从而提出相应的促进沼气产业化的发展对策。     

南平市畜禽粪便沼气潜力概算及沼气工程发展现状调查

文章对2005年~2013年期间南平市畜禽粪便沼气潜力进行概算,介绍了南平市规模养殖场沼气工程建设发展现状、沼气工程工艺技术发展情况、沼气工程沼气使用情况以及相关产业发展情况,结果分析了南平市沼气工程存在的问题并针对这些问题提出了相关政策建议。     

政府主导下的农村沼气服务体系建设

随着农村沼气事业迅速发展和沼气服务体系建设缺失的矛盾日益显现,如何加强后续服务体系建设,日益成为沼气发展中迫切需要解决的问题.通过对河南省范楼村沼气服务体系的实地调研,发现劳动力外出、沼气技工缺乏和资金投入不足等因素对沼气服务体系建设和推广产生了很大的影响,认为政府主导下的沼气发展模式是我国近期内沼气发展的主要方式,并针对性的提出沼气服务体系的“范楼模式”.     

海安县沼气效益考察简要报告

我国农村沼气效益考察是中国沼气协会1982年年会决定的一项重要活动,该项活动于1983年末基本完成。考察的任务是确定沼气发展的水平,评价沼气的效益,预计沼气发展的前景及提出沼气建设的方向.本次考察选择海安县为重点,还对湖北省及四川省绵阳市进行了小规漠的考察工作.     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。