基于自然循环方式的污水处理技术研究

自然循环方式污水处理技术的基本原理在于模拟土壤和水田对污水的自然净化原理,利用天然微生物对污水进行非介入净化处理。由于传统自然循环方式污水处理技术存在技术局限性等方面的不足,限制了该技术在更大范围及更广阔领域内的推广。在深圳市大沙河上游段综合治理工程中,通过研究及优化改进工艺、核心填料及装置结构等问题,首次提出以陶土复合木炭作为核心填料,并重新确定了填料的配比,有效发挥了各种填料的组合作用,获得了更好的处理效果。由于该技术所采用的滤材均为天然材料,来源广泛、成本低廉、低碳环保,且运行管理方便,成功探索并形成了一种适应我国城市河流特点及水质状况的崭新的污水处理技术及工艺,扩展了该技术的应用范围。     

SW系列小型污水再生利用设备

SW系列小型污水处理设备是将生活污废水经适当处理后达到规定的水质标准、可以在一定范围内重复使用的非饮用杂用水处理设备。本系列设备的污水处理量从2t/h至10t/h,用户可根据需要选用。其技术以生物接触氧化净水工艺为核心,是一种净水效果好、投资低、操作简单的工艺技术,该工艺中所使用的填料既是净水微生物附生的载体,也是有机污染物被吸附的受体,出水水质优良而稳定,处理效果好。生活污废水经过生物接触氧化池处理后,可有效地去除水中的BOD、COD等污染物。再经过后续的沉淀、过滤、消毒处理后达到城市生活杂用水水质标准,可以用于…     

人工湿地处理农村生活污水的概述

人工湿地作为一种绿色生态、低成本的污水处理技术,其应用日渐广泛。随着应用和机理研究的深入,传统湿地在运行过程中也涌现出各种问题。文章概述了人工湿地处理农村生活污水的工艺原理、类型,处理过程中出现的问题及解决措施。     

污水生物脱氮除磷机理与新工艺

随着生物脱氮除磷技术的发展,一些新的工艺也逐步应用于污水处理中.首先系统地阐述了生物脱氮除磷的机理,然后着重介绍了几种污水处理的新方法:SHARON-ANAMMOX联合工艺、UCT工艺和BCFS工艺以及这几种新工艺的主要特点.最后对当前我国污水处理的发展方向提出了一些建议.     

干旱地区绿色建筑生活污水处理技术研究

生活污水处理技术应用于绿色建筑是一种创新应用。综述了干旱地区绿色建筑生活污水处理技术的国内外发展现状,并将各种污水处理技术从技术、经济、节能等方面进行分析,在此基础上,指出了绿色建筑生活污水处理技术存在的问题,并提出了未来研究的趋势。为今后绿色建筑的生活污水处理技术的研究与推广提供理论依据,对绿色建筑的可持续发展具有重要参考价值。     

农村绿色建筑分散型生活污水处理研究综述

综述了国内外农村生活污水处理技术的研究现状,比较了几种典型的农村生活污水处理技术在设计参数、去污效果、出水水质、运行管理、优缺点等方面的差异,并对农村污水处理典型技术适用情况进行了分析评价,指出了农村生活污水处理技术存在的问题,提出了绿色建筑分散型农村生活污水处理技术的发展趋势。     

短HRT下厌氧降流式悬浮填料床预处理生活污水的研究

在环境温度下用厌氧降流式悬浮填料反应器对生活污水进行了不同HRT的试验研究.当HRT为6 h,4 h,3 h时,厌氧降流式悬浮填料反应器去除污水COD都是有效的, COD的去除率分别为57.6%,52.8%和49.7%.为了考察HRT为3 h时反应器的性能,试验连续进行了6个月.试验结果表明,试验期间平均COD去除率为47.7%,在冬季低温期间COD去除率保持在38.3%; SS的平均去除率为64%.同时探讨了短HTR下COD降解的机理.因此降流式悬浮填料厌氧反应器在短时HRT下作为一种预处理手段是有效的,对于小型村镇污水处理来说是一种比较理想的前处理装置.     

杭州市农村生活污水处理设施建设运行管理问题研究

随着新农村建设的深入推进,各地的农村生活污水处理工作得到了快速发展.要确保农村生活污水处理设施正常运行、发挥其应有作用,须加强日常维护管理.文章在对杭州市农村生活污水处理设施建设运行现状进行全面调研的基础上,就如何加强处理设施管理提出对策和建议.     

低浓度生活污水厌氧处理技术的认识误区

厌氧工艺具有许多好氧工艺所不具备的优点.本文分析了厌氧处理工艺未能在国内外的低浓度生活污水处理领域得到广泛推广应用的主要原因,是由于人们对厌氧处理技术的认识存在误区,并对这些认识误区进行了理论解析.     

浅析环保工程中污水处理工艺及方法

针对环保工程中污水处理技术的应用,做了简单的论述。应用氧化沟法和PACT技术等,进行污水处理,能够达到出水质量要求。从当前污水处理工艺推广应用实际情况来说,还需要加大基础设施投入力度,加强技术创新,提高污水处理效率以及质量。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。