蜜蜂（Apjs mellifera）美洲幼虫腐臭病研究进展

美洲幼虫腐臭病是目前危害蜜蜂幼虫生长的主要细菌病，不合理地使用抗生素防治该病是导致蜂产品抗生素残留的重要因素。本文介绍了它的病原（Paenibacillus larvae subspecies Larvae）和流行病学特征，并就目前检测美洲幼虫腐臭病病原和防治该病的研究进展做一综述。     

蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)美洲幼虫腐臭病最新研究进展

美洲幼虫腐臭病(American foulbrood,AFB)是目前危害蜜蜂幼虫生长的主要细菌病之一,其致病菌为拟幼虫芽孢杆菌原(Paenibacillus Larvae)。本文介绍了它的流行病学特征,并对目前检测美洲幼虫腐臭病病原和防治该病的最新研究进展作一综述。     

美洲幼虫腐臭病(连载一)

综述美洲幼虫腐臭病的病原、流行病学、病理学、诊断技术以及防治方法的研究进展.     

美洲幼虫腐自病（连载一）

综述美洲幼虫腐臭病的病原、流行病学、病理学、诊断技术以及防治方法的研究进展。     

美洲幼虫腐臭病病原及防治方法

美洲幼虫腐臭病病原及防治方法中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所（１０００９３）董秉义美洲幼虫腐臭病又叫烂子病、臭子病,是蜜蜂幼虫细菌性顽固性传染病,传染快,危害大。该病常年均会发生,一般多流行在夏秋高温季节。患病蜂群轻者影响繁殖和采集力,重者造成全群甚至全场蜂...     

蜜蜂白垩病对蜜蜂其它幼虫病的抑制作用

蜜蜂白垩病对蜜蜂其它幼虫病的抑制作用［美国］ＳＨＩＭＡＮＵＫＩ，Ｈ．等蜜蜂易感染许多疾病，其中最严重的有由细菌引起的美洲幼虫腐臭病和欧洲幼虫腐臭病，再就是由真菌引起的蜜蜂白垩病。这三种疾病都只影响蜜蜂幼虫。美洲幼虫腐臭病是世界上最可怕的蜜蜂疾病。它具...     

一种可先期诊断蜜蜂美洲幼虫腐臭病的技术

现在,丹麦已采用了一种检测蜜样以便诊断该蜂群(场)是否患有美洲幼虫腐臭病的新方法。这种方法是由丹麦的蜜蜂检疫官员H.汉森所发现的。此法只需对少量样本蜂蜜进行检测,了解其中是否含有美洲幼虫腐臭病的孢子,便可确定取样蜂群或蜂场有     

幼虫腐臭病的防治

幼虫腐臭病的防治美洲、欧洲及亚腐臭病等腐臭性疾病对养蜂业构成很大威胁。这些由各种微生物引起的幼虫疾病的共同特点是产生幼虫在巢脾的“花子”。这些疾病的鉴别特征如下：美洲幼虫腐臭病：封盖幼虫受害，封盖子的房盖变黄、下陷井穿孔，挑取虫尸时可拉成长的细丝，具...     

防治中蜂幼虫病的心得

<正>中华蜜蜂常见的幼虫病主要有美洲幼虫腐臭病、欧洲幼虫腐臭病和囊状幼虫病。欧洲幼虫病的症状是幼虫在未封台前腐烂,呈白色。治疗方法简单,用如青霉素等抗生素隔日一     

美洲幼虫腐臭病(连载二·上)

介绍预防和治疗美洲幼虫腐臭病的措施.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.