山地果园套种绿肥对氮磷径流流失的影响

采用野外天然降雨条件下的小区试验研究山地新生果园套种黑麦草、紫云英和箭舌豌豆绿肥作物对氮磷径流流失的影响。结果表明,果园套种绿肥作物黑麦草、紫云英和箭舌豌豆能分别减少36.4%,33.9%和5.3%的径流水量流失,56.4%,55.2%和8.8%的泥沙流失,土壤保水能力增加,固土效果加强。地表径流和泥沙携带侵蚀是果园氮磷养分流失的主要途径,种植绿肥作物黑麦草、紫云英和箭舌豌豆能使总氮流失分别减少55.2%,49.3%和18.7%,总磷流失分别减少58.5%,55.6%和30.1%。山地果园套种绿肥可使氮磷流失量明显降低,有助于水体环境的保护,同时还增加土壤肥力,改善果实品质。     

薄层农田黑土全量碳及氮磷钾含量的空间异质性

利用地统计学对黑龙江省双城市薄层农田黑土的全碳、全氮、全磷、全钾的空间异质性进行了分析.结果表明,4种养分含量分布均具有较大的空间异质性.土壤全碳含量的空间分布主要受黑土层厚度的影响,与全磷含量的空间分布吻合度高;土壤全钾的空间异质性最差,只是中部沿西南方向区域略低外,其余变化较小.土壤全碳与全氮、全磷,全氮与全磷都存在极显著正相关,而土壤全钾与全碳、全氮、全磷为负相关,但不显著.全量碳、氮、钾主要受结构性因子的影响,分别占86.8%,85.4%,81.8%,全磷受结构性因子和随机因子的影响各占1/2.     

Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Interactions in Upland Rice

Upland rice is an important crop in South America, including Brazil. Nutrient interactions are important in determining crop yields. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate interaction among nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in upland rice production. The treatments applied to upland rice grown on an Oxisol were three levels of N (N₀, N₁₅₀ and N₃₀₀ mg kg^?1), three levels of P (P₀, P₁₀₀ and P₂₀₀ mg kg^?1) and three levels of K (K₀, K₁₀₀ and K₂₀₀ mg kg^?1). These treatments were tested in a 3 × 3 × 3 factorial arrangement. Grain yield, shoot dry weight, plant height, root dry weight, maximum root length, panicle number, 1000-grain weight, and grain harvest index were significantly influenced by N, P, and K treatments. The treatment that did not receive P fertilization did not produce panicle or grain. Hence, P was most yield-limiting nutrient compared to two other nutrients. At the N₀P₀K₀ treatment, rice did not produce grains, indicating severe deficiency of these nutrients in Brazilian Oxisols. Maximum grain yield was obtained with the N₃₀₀P₂₀₀K₂₀₀ treatment. Grain yield had significant positive association with plant height, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, maximum root length, 1000-grain weight, panicle number, and grain harvest index. Among these growth and yield components, shoot dry weight had the highest positive association with grain yield and root length minimum positive association with grain yield. Hence, adopting adequate soil and crop management practices can improve growth and yield components and increase grain yield of upland rice.     

自然降雨条件下农田地表产流及氮磷流失规律研究

基于淮北平原自然降雨条件下2个连续汛期观测的降雨-径流试验数据,分析不同试验处理下农田地表产流规律和氮磷浓度及其构成,探讨地表径流氮磷浓度和流失量的时间变化过程及其分布差异。结果表明,当地农田地表径流氮磷浓度构成分别以颗粒态氮和可溶性磷为主,而可溶性氮中又以溶解性有机氮为主,且硝态氮是农田地表径流无机氮流失的主要成分。汛初7月不同土地利用方式下农田地表径流量及铵态氮、硝态氮、可溶性氮磷和颗粒态氮磷的浓度及流失量间的差异相对较小,但8月期间的差异却明显增加,低秆高密度作物种植模式下的相应流失量最低。在淮北平原夏季种植黄豆、棉花等矮秆高密度作物,可起到有效减少地表径流氮磷流失量的作用,减缓因农业非点源污染对地表水体富营养化产生的潜在威胁。     

新疆甘家湖梭梭林碳、氮、磷、钾生态化学计量特征

为探讨甘家湖梭梭林的C,N,P,K元素化学计量特征,进而揭示该地区梭梭林的养分限制状况和适应策略,以新疆甘家湖国家级自然保护区3种植被盖度C≥70%(HC),50%≤C70%(MC),30%≤C50%(LC)梭梭林为研究对象,从生态化学计量学角度,测定和分析土壤(0—10cm,10—20cm,20—40cm,40—60cm,60—100cm)及梭梭标准木地上、地下部分中的有机碳、全氮、全磷和全钾的质量分数及计量比值。结果表明:(1)不同盖度梭梭林土壤营养元素及计量比存在差异,有机C和全N含量的变化规律基本相似:HCMCLC,全P和全K含量基本相似:HCLCMC。土壤C∶N较为稳定,不同盖度梭梭林土壤C∶P,C∶K,N∶P,K∶N差异显著,而不同盖度梭梭林地K∶P差异不显著(p0.05)。(2)梭梭植株地上部分仅中盖度N含量和C∶N显著高于低盖度(p0.05);梭梭植株地下部分C,N,P含量、C∶N,N∶P,K∶N在不同盖度之间差异显著,而K含量、C∶P,C∶K和K∶P在不同盖度之间差异不显著(p0.05)。梭梭植株地上和地下部分相比,C含量、C∶N,C∶P和C∶K为地下地上,而N,P,K含量、N∶P,K∶P和K∶N均为地上地下。(3)植株地上部分营养元素与土壤中对应元素多为负相关关系且相关系数较小,而地下部分营养元素与土壤中对应元素则多为正相关关系且相关系数较大。梭梭地上和地下部分,除C和P为负相关外,其余均为正相关,且C∶N和K∶N为显著正相关(p0.05)。综上得出,该地区土壤较为贫瘠,尤其N,P元素匮乏;梭梭生长主要受N限制;梭梭植株根系生长发育受土壤影响更大,植株体营养元素在同化过程中呈一定的比例关系。     

Nitrogen,Phosphorus, and Sulfur Fertility of Hybrid Canola

Abstract

Production of new high-yielding canola hybrids has been extremely prolific and, as a consequence, very little work has been performed to assess the fertility requirements of these crops. A series of experiments (14 site-years) was carried out over three years (1999–2001), primarily to assess the nitrogen (N) fertility of canola hybrid cultivars and at the same time ascertain whether the associated phosphate and sulfur (S) fertility are influenced by N application. All experiments included 12 rates of N (0 to 220 kg N ha^?1 in 20 kg ha^{? 1} increments) and three rates of either P₂O₅ or S (0, 20, and 40 kg ha^{? 1}) with blanket application of other nutrients. Although differences in the performance of individual canola hybrid cultivars can be significant in some cases, the term “hybrid” in this study does not refer to the performance of one specific cultivar, but to the group of hybrids tested. Under an identical nutrient regime, on average, hybrid cultivars produced a 17% higher seed yield, but did not reach maximum potential; on average, this result, occurred under a higher N fertility regime at which hybrid cultivars produced 33% higher yields than did conventional cultivars. To maintain maximum yield, hybrids must be supplied with phosphate and S at levels that are similar to those used on conventional cultivars. Hence, it would appear that hybrids are more efficient scavengers of soil nutrients, a fact that may have serious ramifications for the fertility of the following crops.     

Soybean Residue Effect on Carbon Fractions and Gaseous Nitrogen Losses at Contrasting Moisture Contents

Most published studies related to crop effects on denitrification are not continuous and are based on the growing period. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different amounts of soybean stubble, under different soil moisture contents, on gaseous nitrogen (N) losses by denitrification from an agricultural soil. The following soil moisture treatments were reached by adding distilled water to soil cores of a typic Hapludoll: 50 and 100% of water‐filled porosity space (WFPS). Residue treatments included no application of residues, amendment with 2600 kg ha^?1 of soybean residues, and amendment with 5200 kg ha^?1 of soybean residues. Cumulative nitrous oxide + dinitrogen (N₂O + N₂) emissions displayed great variability, ranging between 0 and 581.91 µg N kg^?1, which represented 0 to 3.93% of the N residue applied. Under 50% WFPS moisture conditions, statistical differences in cumulative N₂O + N₂ emissions between residue treatments were not detected (p = 0.21), whereas at saturation conditions, cumulative N₂O + N₂ emissions decreased with the application of increasing amounts of soybean residues (p = 0.017). Daily and cumulative N₂O + N₂ emissions significantly increased as soil moisture increased, except at soils amended with 5200 kg ha^?1 of soybean residues; this lack of statistical difference was probably due to the immobilization of native mineral N. Under 50% WFPS soil moisture contents, aeration seemed to be the main factor controlling redox conditions, limiting the denitrification process, and preventing differences in N emissions between residue treatments. The application of soybean residues to saturated soils notably decreased N₂O + N₂ emissions by denitrification through a strong mineral N immobilization into organic and nondenitrifiable forms.     

长江三角洲地区竹林经营中的氮磷流失负荷概算

通过分析长江三角洲地区竹林集约经营面积、竹林施肥情况及氮(N)、磷(P)流失率,对该区竹林经营中因施肥产生的N、P流失量进行了概算.结果表明,长江三角洲地区竹林中每年N、P流失量分别为3795～6067t、828～1104t.其中,浙江省竹林地的N、P流失量分别为3573～5713 t、779～1039 t,均占总流失量的94%.从单位面积上的流失量来看,浙江省竹林地N流失负荷(9.8～15.6kg/hm2)显著低于该省农田N流失负荷(57.4 kg,hm2),而P流失负荷(2.1～2.8 kg/hm2)稍高于农田(1.7 kg/hm2) .在部分高度集约经营地区,竹林地每年的N、P流失更高.这些竹林地主要位于水源上游或河湖两岸,流失的N、P进入水体后,将对水体造成污染,降低水质,加速下游水体的富营养化.     

施肥深度对潮砂土氮磷损失及土壤氮磷含量的影响

以机插精量一次性侧深施肥为背景,探究施肥深度对氮、磷损失及土壤氮磷养分的影响,为农业机械化提供科学依据。本研究采用土柱模拟试验,于2019年在湖南农业大学试验基地大棚内进行,供试土壤为潮砂田水稻土,肥料为三元复混肥。试验共设置6个处理:CK(不施肥)和0(表施)、5、7.5、10、12.5 cm五个不同深度施肥处理,监测氨挥发、田面水和渗漏水氮磷含量的动态变化以及土壤氮磷含量。结果表明:与表施处理相比,5、7.5、10、12.5 cm深施处理的氨挥发累积量分别下降68.07%、82.40%、99.98%、99.98%。10、12.5 cm深施处理的田面水总氮平均浓度,比表施处理分别下降84.82%、89.07%;各深度施肥处理的田面水总磷平均浓度较表施处理均大幅下降,降幅达92.43%～99.56%。不同深度施肥处理的渗漏水中氮、磷平均浓度与表施处理之间差异不显著。在0～20 cm土层中,5、7.5、10、12.5 cm深施处理的土壤全氮、全磷含量分别比表施处理提高了4.63%、12.25%、11.85%、5.69%和6.40%、5.90%、6.09%、5.43%;20～30 cm和3...     

江汉平原棉田地表径流氮磷养分流失规律

2008年和2009年连续2年设置田间试验,采用径流池收集对照与农民习惯施肥2种处理的地表径流,研究江汉平原区棉花种植模式下地表径流产生规律,氮、磷流失规律,肥料氮、磷流失系数及其影响因素。结果表明,江汉平原地区地表径流主要发生在3-8月降雨比较集中的时期,径流产生量随产流时段降雨量的增加而增加,年降雨产流系数平均为26.0%。2008年和2009年农民习惯施肥处理的氮流失量分别是36.14,89.52kg/hm2,磷流失量分别是0.42,10.07kg/hm2,氮、磷流失量的年际间差异较大。氮流失的主要形态是硝态氮,其2008年和2009年的流失量分别占氮流失量的92.8%和64.2%,其次是颗粒态氮,以铵态氮形式流失的只是极小一部分;磷主要以颗粒态磷形式流失,其次是可溶性磷,尤其在产流时段降雨量大的年份,颗粒态磷的流失量占到总磷的90%以上。综合2008-2009年的结果,肥料氮、磷的流失率分别为5.4%和3.1%。氮、磷的流失量主要受施肥、产流时段降雨量和作物覆盖率影响,施肥导致氮、磷养分流失量增加,产流时段降雨量越大,作物覆盖率越低,则氮、磷养分流失量越大。     

Nitrogen,Phosphorus, and Sulfur Nutrition in Broccoli Plants Grown Under Salinity

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. ‘Italica’) is a recognized health-promoting vegetable and shows a moderate sensitivity to salinity. As very little is known about the effect of salt stress on broccoli plants, the objective was to evaluate nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and sulfur (S) nutrition in plants grown under saline conditions. For this objective, the contents of nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate, and total nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, as well as related metabolic enzymes, were determined for plants grown with 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, or 100 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) for two weeks. Nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate concentration in leaves and roots showed a maximum at 40–60 mM NaCl. Up to these salt levels, broccoli plants showed a normal development, but over these salt levels, broccoli plants showed a decrease of nitrate reductase and an increase of the acid phosphatase. From 60 to 100 mM NaCl, the nutritional disorders indicated that the threshold of resistance was exceeded.     

Phosphorus,Potassium and Sulfur Interactions in Soybean Plants on a Typic Hapludox

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril) has the largest acreage in Brazil where nutrients are provided to crops by formulated fertilizers, which is the most usual method. Under tropical and subtropical conditions, most of the nutrients required by soybean crops are phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), while sulfur (S) is applied in smaller amounts. The P, K, and S interactions under greenhouse conditions using completely randomized blocks in a factorial 3 × 3 × 3 arrangement were evaluated. The treatments were as follows: three P rates (0, 75, and 150 mg P kg^?1); three K rates (0, 150, and 300 mg K kg^?1); and three S rates (0, 50, and 100 mg S kg^?1). The P, K, and S application had a significant influence on the shoot dry weight (SDW) and number of pods per pot (NPP) in contrast with the increase in grain yield (GY) that had positive relationship with K and S rates. These results indicated that both nutrients were the most limiting to GY. In soil and leaves, only the P, K, and S concentrations were modified by the treatments (P, K, and S), but in the grains there was synergism of P rates with Mg concentration unlike K rates with Ca concentration. Physiological components as photosynthetic rate, intrinsic efficiency of water use, and chlorophyll had influence from P and K rates.     

湿地退化条件下土壤碳氮磷储量与生态化学计量变化特征

为了研究湿地退化过程中土壤碳氮磷储量与生态化学计量变化,明确碳氮"汇"功能的变化和土壤碳、氮、磷的平衡关系,采用实地采样调查、室内分析与数理统计法,研究了若尔盖自然湿地保护区内未退化湿地沼泽(MA)、沼泽化草甸(MM)、草甸(ME)3种不同退化程度湿地的典型样地在碳氮磷含量、储量以及生态化学计量的变化特征。结果表明,草甸化沼泽土与草甸土全剖面总有机碳、全氮含量较沼泽土分别降低了29.55%,6.52%和67.53%,40.04%,碳氮储量分别降低了67.49%,60.10%和85.14%,54.47%;3种土壤全磷剖面含量大小顺序为MMMEMA,其储量高低顺序是MEMAMM。随着土层深度的增加,沼泽土的总有机碳、全氮含量明显升高,全磷含量与草甸化沼泽土、草甸土的总有机碳、全氮、全磷含量均呈现降低趋势;3种土壤碳氮磷储量40—100cm土层高于0—40cm土层。沼泽土、草甸化沼泽土、草甸土3种不同类型土壤C/N分别为40.38,31.70,23.26,C/P分别为409.52,247.46,113.07,N/P分别为10.43,7.90,5.02,土壤C/N、C/P、N/P均随湿地退化而减小,较高的C/P与N/P14揭示氮磷元素均是影响植物生长的限制性因素,且受氮素限制高于磷素。因此,若尔盖湿地退化导致土壤碳氮含量与储量降低,碳氮"汇"功能减弱,尤其是碳"汇"。     

华西雨屏区不同植被类型对土壤氮磷钾及有机碳含量的影响

华西雨屏区位于四川盆地与青藏高原结合过渡地带,是长江流域的重要生态屏障,也是退耕还林重点工程区。通过野外调查与实验室分析,对该区30年的桤木林、水杉林、柳杉林、慈竹林、次生林与荒草地等6种植被类型的土壤剖面全量氮磷、速效氮磷钾和有机碳的变化特征进行研究。结果表明:1不同植被类型土壤氮磷钾含量有差异,表土层差异明显。表层0~20 cm土壤全量氮磷含量为桤木林慈竹林柳杉林水杉林次生林≈荒草地,速效氮磷钾合计总含量为桤木林次生林≈水杉林柳杉林慈竹林荒草地,森林植被下土壤氮磷钾含量高于荒草地,其中,桤木林土壤全量氮磷与速效氮磷钾含量分别为:1.80 g/kg、7.94 g/kg、73.15 mg/kg、64.97 mg/kg和183.45 mg/kg,高于其他林地表土。2土壤有机质与全氮储量在表土层与剖面中变化趋势一致,为桤木林慈竹林柳杉林水杉林荒草地次生林;全磷储量变化稍有不同,但桤木林与慈竹林仍为最高,而次生林最低。3所有林地土壤有机碳含量与有机碳密度均有明显的表聚性,但垂直剖面变化趋势不明显。土壤有机碳密度在表土层与全剖面的变化趋势一致为桤木林柳杉林慈竹林荒草地水杉林次生林。4紫色土区植被类型与土壤母质对林地土壤肥力的形成与发展有重要影响,经过30年的植被恢复,桤木林在土壤肥力发展与固碳能力方面均有明显优势,针叶树中柳杉好于水杉。     

化肥氮磷优化减施对水稻产量和田面水氮磷流失的影响

为探讨氮(N)、磷(P)减量对降低稻田养分地表径流损失风险的影响,以毛里湖稻区为研究对象,连续两年(2016—2017年)进行田间小区试验,研究化肥氮磷优化减施对水稻产量和生长期内田面水N、P动态变化特征及径流流失的影响。结果表明:常规施肥处理(CF)和有机替代20%化肥N处理(0.8FN+0.2ON)稻田田面水总氮(TN)、NH₄⁺-N和总磷(TP)浓度在施肥后迅速达到峰值,之后逐渐下降。而控释氮肥减N处理能有效减缓N素释放速度,田面水N素流失量远低于CF处理,且磷肥减量处理TP流失量低于CF处理。与CF处理相比,控释氮肥减N 20%(0.8N)和控释氮肥+过磷酸钙减量20%(0.8NP)处理水稻两年平均分别增产5.55%、3.22%,N素累积量分别提高19.01%、13.66%,氮肥偏生产力分别显著提高31.94%、28.83%,氮肥农学利用率分别提高47.52%、33.75%,氮肥吸收利用率分别提高95.30%、73.31%。0.8NP处理较0.8N处理水稻磷肥偏生产力两年平均显著提高22.08%,而0.8FN+0.2ON处理较CF处理...     

崇明东滩地区砂质旱田氮磷径流流失特征研究

通过对崇明东滩地区砂质旱田果园和菜地的全年降雨径流监测,研究了在实际生产过程中由于自然降雨所产生的地表径流及其氮磷径流流失负荷,并重点分析了典型雨量条件下的氮磷径流流失浓度及其形态。结果表明,崇明东滩地区降雨主要集中在5-9月,占总降雨量的53.64%,果园径流量与降雨量的相关系数达到0.911(P0.01),菜地由于受到植被覆盖变化的影响,径流量与降雨量相关系数仅为0.673(P0.05);典型降雨条件下氮磷径流流失的主要形态均为径流泥沙所携带的颗粒态氮磷,分别占TN和TP径流流失浓度的29.51%～64.36%和84.61%～99.77%;果园和菜地TN径流流失负荷分别达到4.33,4.28kg/(hm2.a),TP径流流失负荷分别达到8.53,5.24kg/(hm2.a),氮磷径流流失主要集中在降雨量较多的第三季度。     

甘肃农田土壤氮磷钾养分变化特征

自1983年全国第二次土壤普查以来,由于经过多年的地力培肥,农田土壤养分发生了变化。1998年土壤养分调查结果揭示了甘肃省不同地域的主要耕种土类及耕地类型的土壤氮磷钾养分变化特征,为今后土壤养分资源的综合评价和科学施肥管理提供了基础资料。     

Simulation of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses in Loess Landforms of Northern Iran

Population growth, urban expansion and intensive agriculture and thus increased use of fertilizers aimed at increasing the production capacity cause extensive loss of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus and lead to reduced quality of soil and water. Therefore, identification of nutrients in the soil and their potential are essential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capability of the SWAT model in simulating runoff, sediment, and nitrogen and phosphorus losses in Tamer catchment. Runoff and sediment measured at Tamar gauging station were used to calibrate and validate the model. Simulated values were generally consistent with the data observed during calibration and validation period (0.6 < R² and 0.5 < NS). In the case of nitrogen loss, the model performed an almost good simulation (0.6 < R² and 0.47 < NS), but phosphorus simulation yielded better results (0.76 < R² and 0.66 < NS). The results showed that cultivated lands had higher loss of nitrogen and phosphorus than other types of land use. Among the various forms of nitrogen and phosphorus, the loss of organic nitrogen and nitrate and soluble phosphorus and mineral phosphorus attached to the sediments showed the greatest sensitivity to the type of land use. Results also showed that the average nutrient loss caused by erosion in this catchment, was 6.99 kg/ha for nitrogen, 0.35 kg/ha for nitrate, 1.3 kg/ha for organic phosphorus, 0.015 kg/ha for soluble phosphorus, and 0.45 kg/ha for mineral phosphorus.     

沼液中氮磷钾化学形态组成及其生物有效性评价

为了解沼液主要养分的组成特点,从长三角地区的养猪场、养牛场和一般农户的沼气池中收集了39个沼液原样,测定了氮、磷、钾的含量及其形态组成,统计分析了各养分组分之间的关系,分析了沼液中氮、磷、钾的生物有效性。结果表明,沼液中氮、磷、钾含量与组分变化很大,养猪场、养牛场与一般农户来源的沼液之间氮、磷、钾含量在统计上差异不明显。氮、磷、钾的各组分含量与它们的全量呈正相关。NH4-N含量、有机氮含量、固相磷占全磷比例、有机磷占水溶性磷比例、颗粒态磷占液相磷比例及Na OH-P占固相磷比例随有机质含量增加而增加,而液相磷占全磷比例、水溶性磷占液相磷比例、PO4-P占水溶性磷比例、残余磷占固相磷比例及液相钾占全钾比例均随有机质含量增加而减少。沼液中氮、磷、钾元素有较高的生物有效性,生物有效态氮、磷、钾占其全量的平均比例分别为75.58%、49.62%和80.98%。     

侵蚀性风化花岗岩坡地壤中流携氮磷流失动态模拟

[目的]探究侵蚀环境下,风化花岗岩残积坡地土壤氮磷流失特征以及坡面径流和壤中流携带氮磷流失的强度和贡献率,为不同侵蚀环境及生态环境脆弱条件下,坡地氮磷流失规律的试验研究及防治提供理论依据。[方法]采用原状土搬迁,室内人工模拟降雨的方法,设计2个坡度(8°和25°),5个降雨强度(30,60,90,120,150mm/min),通过坡度与雨强的多重组合试验,在测试浓度与径流量分析的基础上,研究氮磷流失强度及在坡面径流和壤中流中的分配。[结果](1)在强烈侵蚀的坡地,土壤结构性较差,漏水漏肥现象严重,壤中流随携带的氮磷流失比重很大,壤中流携带的TN流失量均占到总流失量的90%以上,TP稍次之;(2)TN随径流的流失量远大于TP的流失量,径流中TN与TP总流失量的比值最高能达到160倍;(3)雨强对氮磷流失量的影响大于坡度的影响,径流量的影响大于浓度的影响。(4)雨强对氮磷流失的影响存在2个转折,在60mm/min附近存在一个蓄满产流和超渗产流的雨强分界,在90mm/min左右,出现一个侵蚀性雨强的转折。[结论]强烈的侵蚀影响土壤养分的流失方式及流失通道的比配,壤中流所携带氮磷流失所占比重很大,进而会影响到地下水的污染问题,加强残积土母质坡地土壤的侵蚀防治,是地表水和地下水面源污染控制及土壤养分流失减少的根本。