共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 203 毫秒
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离子注入生物学研究述评 总被引:96,自引:5,他引:96
低能离子与生物物质相互作用既有能量沉积、动量传递的过程,又有粒子注入、电荷交换的过程,因此,离子注入生物效应显出一些不同于辐射生物学的特征。低能离子生物学原理在诱变育种和外源基因转移上可获得广泛的应用。 相似文献
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苹果采后炭疽病高效拮抗菌的筛选与应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用低能氮离子对枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)进行注入诱变,获得诱变菌株.通过平板初筛,筛选出6株对苹果炭疽病菌有较高抑菌作用的菌株,经苹果果实活体测定从中筛选出对苹果炭疽病有较高拮抗作用的菌株BS 80-6和BS100-6.其中BS80-6在室温下的防治效果较好,14 d时的防效为33.28%,BS100-6在冷藏下的效果较好,14 d时的防效为100%.不同接种方式试验表明,拮抗菌对苹果炭疽病表现出较好的保护作用. 相似文献
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甜椒Ti+离子注入相关诱变育种效应研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
进行了Ti+离子注入甜椒诱变相关育种效应的研究。结果表明,低能Ti+离子注入后能引起甜椒形态特征的变化,其中在小剂量时表现为改善植物的生长发育状况,促进生长与分枝;在大剂量时表现为突变株增加诱发新变异。另外离子的注入引起叶片中Na、Mg、K、Ca、Si等元素含量下降,Al、Fe的含量上升。 相似文献
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采用低能氮离子注入技术诱变选育猴头菇子实体高产菌株.实验确定了以猴头菇原生质体为材料进行低能氮离子注入,离子注入后,原生质体经再生,用菌丝拮抗实验结合酯酶同工酶酶谱分析验证菌株确实发生突变,然后分别以菌株的液体发酵菌丝生物量、固体栽培子实体生物转化率为初筛和复筛的指标,经遗传稳定性试验验证,筛选到了一株高产猴头菇菌株AHSWHT7012,其液体发酵生物量、予实体生物转化率分别较对照提高了15.8%和12.5%.试验结果表明:低能氮离子束注入诱变技术用于猴头菇育种是可行的. 相似文献
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离子注入水稻诱变育种机理初探 总被引:92,自引:9,他引:92
<正> 一、引言自从1927年Muller发现X射线能大大增加植物突变率以来,辐射植物学以及在此基础上发展起来的新兴研究领域—植物辐射育种学得到了飞速的发展,在作物选育和培育新品种方面取得了举世瞩目的成果。近三十年来,诱变育种又掀起了新的高潮。各种物理化学方法纷纷引入到诱变育种领域中来。其目的是提高突变率和突变频谱,从而为选育符合人们需要的品种提供更大的基因库。另一方面,突变没有方向性,诱变育种的主要手段还是靠田间选育,这就影响了诱变育种的效率。为了解决这些问题,除了加强基础研究外,寻找新的诱变源是解决问题的途径之一。 相似文献
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Human DNA repair genes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cellular DNA is subjected to continual attack, both by reactive species inside cells and by environmental agents. Toxic and mutagenic consequences are minimized by distinct pathways of repair, and 130 known human DNA repair genes are described here. Notable features presently include four enzymes that can remove uracil from DNA, seven recombination genes related to RAD51, and many recently discovered DNA polymerases that bypass damage, but only one system to remove the main DNA lesions induced by ultraviolet light. More human DNA repair genes will be found by comparison with model organisms and as common folds in three-dimensional protein structures are determined. Modulation of DNA repair should lead to clinical applications including improvement of radiotherapy and treatment with anticancer drugs and an advanced understanding of the cellular aging process. 相似文献
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采用静态试验法,将鲫鱼暴露于4、16、64 mg·L-1洛克沙胂中48、96、144 h后,检测了鱼鳃、.肾脏和肝的Na+-K+-ATP酶活性.结果表明,在同一组织中,随着处理浓度的提高.洛克沙胂对鲫鱼各组织Na+-K+-ATP酶活性抑制作用增强.对于不同组织.同一处理浓度的洛克沙胂对鲫鱼鳃中Na+-K+-ATP酶活性抑制作用更为明显,其次是肝和肾(P<0.01).在同一浓度下,洛克沙胂对鲫鱼各组织Na+-K+-ATP酶活性抑制率呈明显的时间-效应关系,暴露时间越长,抑制率越高(P<0.01).此外,单细胞凝胶电泳试验(SCGE)结果表明,鲫鱼暴露于0.5、1、2 mg·L-1洛克沙胂中72 h能引起鲫鱼肾细胞明显的DNA损伤,并在设定剂量范围内呈现一定的剂量-效应关系;同时,鲫鱼肾细胞于体外暴露于1、10、100、500、1 000mg·L-1洛克沙胂3、6、12 h后,可引起严重的DNA损伤. 相似文献
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D A Wink K S Kasprzak C M Maragos R K Elespuru M Misra T M Dunams T A Cebula W H Koch A W Andrews J S Allen 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1991,254(5034):1001-1003
Nitric oxide (NO), a multifaceted bioregulatory agent and an environmental pollutant, can also cause genomic alterations. In vitro, NO deaminated deoxynucleosides, deoxynucleotides, and intact DNA at physiological pH. That similar DNA damage can also occur in vivo was tested by treating Salmonella typhimurium strain TA1535 with three NO-releasing compounds, including nitroglycerin. All proved mutagenic. Observed DNA sequence changes were greater than 99% C----T transitions in the hisG46 (CCC) target codon, consistent with a cytosine-deamination mechanism. Because exposure to endogenously and exogenously produced NO is extensive, this mechanism may contribute to the incidence of deamination-related genetic disease and cancer. 相似文献
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Faithful maintenance of the genome is crucial to the individual and to species. DNA damage arises from both endogenous sources such as water and oxygen and exogenous sources such as sunlight and tobacco smoke. In human cells, base alterations are generally removed by excision repair pathways that counteract the mutagenic effects of DNA lesions. This serves to maintain the integrity of the genetic information, although not all of the pathways are absolutely error-free. In some cases, DNA damage is not repaired but is instead bypassed by specialized DNA polymerases. 相似文献
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R C Grafstrom A J Fornace H Autrup J F Lechner C C Harris 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1983,220(4593):216-218
Cultured bronchial epithelial and fibroblastic cells from humans were used to study DNA damage and toxicity caused by formaldehyde. Formaldehyde caused the formation of cross-links between DNA and proteins, caused single-strand breaks in DNA, and inhibited the resealing of single-strand breaks produced by ionizing radiation. Formaldehyde also inhibited the unscheduled DNA synthesis that occurs after exposure of cells to ultraviolet irradiation or to benzo[a]pyrene diolexpoxide but at doses substantially higher than those required to inhibit the resealing of x-ray-induced single-strand breaks. Therefore, formaldehyde could exert its mutagenic and carcinogenic effects by both damaging DNA and inhibiting DNA repair. 相似文献
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白藓皮及其活性物质的振荡反应研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
采用振荡技术研究了金属离子存在的白藓皮 - KBr O3- Mn2 + - H2 SO4 -丙酮体系的化学振荡反应 ,考察了不同反应物浓度对振荡反应诱导期、周期和波形的影响 ,获得了该体系的表观活化能及动力学公式 ;并对白藓皮的活性成分白藓碱的反应机理及诱变活性进行了初步探讨 ,证实白藓皮参与的振荡反应中白藓碱起主要作用。 相似文献