毛细管离子分析法测定茶叶中的锌、锰、铜、铅和镉

用毛细管离子分析(CIA)法测定了茶叶中的锌、锰、铜、铅和镉,在10mmol/L咪唑,10mmol/Lα-羟基乙酸,pH=4.0的电泳介质中,五种离子在10min内得到了分离,用间接紫外法检测,以外标法定量,五元素的线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9973~0.9997,平均回收率在96.4%~104.2%之间,相对平均偏差为2.1%~3.3%,检测限为0.02~0.2μg/ml。此方法快速简便、准确度高、测定成本低。     

Effect of Si soil amendments on As,Cd, and Pb bioavailability in contaminated paddy soils

Paddy and Water Environment - Numerous greenhouse and laboratory experiments have shown that the application of Si-rich materials may affect the mobility and transport of hazardous elements in the...     

Compound pollution of Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, and As on lowland rice

Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, and As are typical pollutants originated from Pb-Zn mine, smelting waste water discharge/irrigation and gas emission,and they were distributed widely in China. We studied the compound pollution of Cd, Pb,Cu, Zn, and As on rice.     

不同花生品种重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr富集与转运规律

以青岛市8个主栽花生品种为试材,通过相同土壤条件下大田种植和室内检测分析,对花生植株不同器官中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd和Cr重金属元素的吸收、富集与转运规律进行了研究。结果表明,供试的8个花生品种植株根系中Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd含量存在显著性差异,茎叶中Cu、Zn、Pb和Cr含量存在显著性差异,籽仁中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd和Cr含量均存在显著性差异,果壳中Cu、Zn和Cd含量存在显著性差异;供试的8个花生品种籽仁中Cd含量均超过了农业部无公害花生Cd≤0.05 mg.kg-1的卫生限量标准。花生植株各器官对重金属的平均生物富集量顺序：根系和果壳为Zn〉Cu〉Cr〉Pb〉Cd,茎叶和籽仁为Zn〉Cu〉Pb〉Cr〉Cd。花生植株各器官的平均转运量系数顺序：茎叶为Pb〉Zn〉Cd〉Cr〉Cu,籽仁为Zn〉Cu〉Cd〉Pb〉Cr,果壳为Cr〉Cu〉Zn〉Pb〉Cd。A4为花生籽仁低Pb吸收富集型品种,A3为花生籽仁低Cd吸收富集型品种。     

玉米初生根和次生根中铁、锰、铜、锌、钠含量分析

以玉米品种'掖单13'和'丹玉13'为试材,通过大田试验研究供试玉米的初生根和第1层至第9层次生根中的铁、锰、铜、锌和钠等元素的含量.结果表明:玉米根系中铁、锰、铜、锌和钠元素的平均值分别为6469,185,22,14,884mg/kg.玉米初生根中的铁元素与次生根相比其含量较低,锰、铜、锌和钠元素的含量较高,高于各次生根中的含量.玉米同一品种的不同类型根中各元素含量之间存在差异,不同品种相同类型根中的各元素含量存在相关关系.     

小麦籽粒灌浆期铁、锌、锰、铜积累动态的研究

为了解小麦籽粒灌浆期Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu四种微量矿质营养元素的积累规律,以黄淮麦区的小麦品种长5864、郑麦366、济麦20、新麦18为试验材料,选取同一天抽穗及开花的植株进行标记,于花后10～35 d每5 d取各品种籽粒用原子吸收分光光度计法测定了籽粒中Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu的含量,分析其含量和积累量的动态变化.结果表明,四种矿质元素在小麦籽粒中的含量和积累量均表现为Fe＞Zn＞Mn＞Cu.随籽粒灌浆的进行,各元素的含量呈下降趋势.籽粒Fe、Zn含量在花后10～30 d下降,其中花后10～20 d下降迅速,花后20～30 d下降平缓,花后30～35 d含量有所增加;籽粒Mn含量在花后10～35 d持续下降,其中花后10～25 d下降迅速,花后25～35 d下降缓慢;籽粒Cu含量在花后10～20 d下降迅速,花后20～30 d稳中略升,花后30～35 d含量下降.灌浆期籽粒各元素的积累量呈递增趋势,其日积累量在灌浆初期较高.籽粒Fe日积累量最高值出现在花后30～35 d,Zn、Mn、Cu日积累量最高值出现在花后10～15 d.在供试的四个品种中,长5864和郑麦366籽粒Fe、Cu的积累量较高,新麦18籽粒Mn、Zn的积累量较高.     

供氮水平对稻株铁、锰、铜、锌含量和稻米品质的影响

采用室内盆栽试验,研究了不同氮肥施用量对水稻铁、锰、铜、锌含量和稻米品质的影响。 随着氮肥使用量的增加,与对照相比,4种微量元素在稻株地上部组织中的含量增加。施氮水平对两个品种徽量元素含量的总体影响趋势一致,只是在稻株中含量不同,表明施氮量对品种的特性表达没有影响。糙米中微量元素含量随着施氮量的增加表现出先升高后降低的趋势,其中以氮肥使用量在160 kg/hm2时增幅最大。此时,IR64的糙米中的铁、锰、铜、锌含量分别比对照增加28.96%、41.34%、58.31%和16.0%,而IR68144的糙米铁、锰、铜、锌含量分别比对照增加2216%、13.75%、8.75%和2021%。同时,随着氮肥使用量的增加,籽粒蛋白质含量增加,直链淀粉含量降低,糙米的胶稠度变大。说明合理的氮肥管理措施可在一定程度上调控籽粒微量元素积累,改善稻米营养品质。     

Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels on Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn Concentrations in Shoot and Grain Quality in Rice （Oryza sativa）

In a pot experiment, effects of N fertilizer application on the concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in shoot of rice and the quality of brown rice were studied. In the treatments with N fertilizer application, the concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in most parts of rice shoot increased compared with control (no N fertilizer application). This indicated that the transportation ability of microelements from root to shoot in rice was improved with N fertilizer application. Effect of N fertilizer on IR68144 was similar to that of on IR64, but the concentrations of the microelements in plant differed, suggesting that the characteristic expression of the two rice genotypes was not controlled by the amount of N fertilizer supplied. The concentrations of those microelements in brown rice increased at first and then decreased with increasing N fertilizer application, reaching the highest at 160 kg/ha, at which the Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn concentrations in brown rice increased by 28.96%, 41.34%, 58.31% and 16.0% for IR64, and by 22.16%, 13.75%, 8.75% and 20.21% for IR68144 compared with control, respectively. Moreover, N fertilizer promoted the accumulation of protein, decreased the accumulation of amylose in grain, and enhanced gel consistency of brown rice. These results indicate that appropriate N fertilizer management could increase micronutrient contents in grain and improve nutrition quality of rice.     

Effect of Isabgol husk supplementation on trace minerals (Zn,Cu, Mn) levels in adolescent girls

The study was conducted on eleven healthy non-anaemic adolescent girls of 16 to 18 years of age. Balance studies were conducted in two trials of three weeks each on low and high fibre diets. High fibre diet contained 25 g Isabgol husk in addition to low fibre diet. The mean diet and nutrient intakes of the subjects were approximately the same during both trials. Addition of Isabgol husk to low fibre diet significantly (P0.05) increased faecal excretion of zinc, copper and manganese and lowered their apparent retention. The serum levels of these trace minerals decreased significantly (P0.05). Thus the high level of Isabgol has undesirable effect on trace minerals.     

氮磷钾肥对稻米铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量的影响

 采用田间试验，在四川省西昌市用两个水稻品种研究了氮、磷、钾肥施用量对稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量的影响。结果表明，稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量均随着施氮量增加先上升后下降，滇屯502的铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量都以施用90 kg/hm2 N最高，稻谷产量以施用180 kg/hm2 N最高；而合系39的铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙的含量以施用180 kg/hm2 N最高，稻谷产量以施用270 kg/hm2 N最高，说明供试籼型品种滇屯502对氮肥的敏感性较粳型品种合系39强；磷肥明显降低了稻米中铁、铜、锰、钙的含量和产量，适量增施磷肥有利于增加稻米中镁的含量和产量；适量施用钾肥有利于提高稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰含量和产量，两供试品种铁、锌、铜、锰含量均以90 kg/hm2 K2O时最高，而钾肥明显降低了稻米中镁、钙的含量和产量。     

Concentration of selected heavy metals in spices,dry fruits and plant nuts

Different spices, dry fruits and plant nuts commonly consumed in Pakistan were assayed for the heavy metals cadmium, lead, copper, zinc, iron and manganese by the potentiometric stripping analysis and AA spectrophotometry. The results revealed wide variation in heavy metal content among different biological materials. Mixed spices generally exhibited higher value for trace metals specially lead (6.6–9.2 µg/g), cadmium (0.65–1.34 µg/g), iron (142.3–285.0 µg/g) and zinc (64.2–65.8 µg/g). Dry fruits contained relatively lesser amounts of heavy metals than plant nuts. Almonds contained higher levels of lead (1.02 µg/g) and cadmium (0.24 µg/g) than other nuts and dry fruits.     

茶水放置过程中铅、铜、铁元素浸出的动态变化

对茶叶在冲泡放置24小时过程中铅、铜、铁元素浸出的动态变化研究，分析三种元素在茶水放置过程中含量的变化，探讨金属元素在茶叶冲泡过程中浸出规律及对茶水放置后安全性的影响。结果表明，三种金属元素的浸出含量不随时间显著变化，放置过程中不会造成茶汤中含量的明显增加。茶水隔夜放置不存在大量金属浸出的可能。     

叶面喷施铁锌锰微肥对马铃薯生长、品质与产量的影响

为了探究微肥对马铃薯生长、品质与产量的影响,选用‘宁薯14号’为材料进行田间试验,分别在苗期和薯块膨大期叶面喷施Fe、Zn、Mn 3种微量元素肥料,以喷施清水为对照。结果表明:喷施微肥可以使植株增高1.4~12.7 cm,单株块茎重增加0.03~0.12 kg,商品薯率提升2.39%~4.03%,产量提高1810.05~8648.1 kg/hm2;块茎中淀粉、还原糖、维生素C含量在喷施微肥以后均有所增加,同时块茎中Fe、Zn和Mn微量元素的积累量也得到了显著提高。说明马铃薯叶面喷施Fe、Zn、Mn微量元素,不仅可以促进马铃薯植株的生长发育,而且提高了马铃薯的产量和品质。     

Bio-accumulation and distribution of heavy metals in fibre crops (flax,cotton and hemp)

Flax, hemp and cotton, grown in industrially polluted region, were included in the present research. The experimental plots were situated at different distances (0.5 and 15 km) from the source of pollution—the Non-Ferrous-Metal Works (MFMW) near Plovdiv. We investigated the level of pollution and the way heavy metals enter the fibre crops, by taking soil and plant samples. The contents of heavy metals in plant materials (roots, stems, leaves, seeds, flowers) were determined after the method of the dry mineralization. The quantitative measurements were carried out with inductively-coupled plasma (ICP).A clearly distinguished species peculiarity exists in the accumulation of heavy metals in the vegetative and reproductive organs of flax, hemp and cotton. Flax is the crop that most strongly absorbs and accumulates heavy metals from the soil, followed by hemp and cotton. The distribution of the heavy metals along the plant axis of the studied crops seems to be selective, therefore their contents in flax and hemp are decreasing in the following order: roots>stems>leaves>seeds, while in cotton: leaves>seeds>roots>stems. A strongly exhibited tendency towards decrease of the contents of heavy metals in the fibre crops is observed as the distance from the NFMW increases.Flax and hemp are cultures, suitable for growing in industrially polluted regions—they remove considerable quantities of heavy metals from the soil with their root system and can be used as potential crops for cleaning the soil from heavy metals.     

Effect of Grain Position within a Panicle and Variety on As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb Concentrations in japonica Rice

Two japonica rice varieties, a compact panicle (CP) Xiushui 63 and a loose panicle (LP) Xiushui 11 were grown in a slightly contaminated paddy field, to determine the effect of grain positions within a panicle and variety on grain As, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb concentrations. There was a significant difference in grain As, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb concentrations among grain positions, and the extent of the difference was variety- and metal-specific; Xiushui 63 showed greater difference than Xiushui 11, and As, Cd, Cr and Pb being greater than Ni. The top grains (TG) of a panicle had higher As, Cd and Ni concentrations than the middle ones (MG), and the bottom ones (BG) contained the lowest. With regard to Cr and Pb, the case was opposite. Significantly positive correlations were found between grain weight and As, Cd, Ni concentrations, but there was a negative correlation between grain weight and Cr, and Pb concentrations. There was a remarkable variation in grain filling pattern among grains within a panicle, and between Xiushui 63 and Xiushui 11. In comparison with MG and TG, BG had the lowest grain filling rate and grain weight, leading to obvious difference in grain weight among grains within a panicle, and a greater difference for Xiushui 63 than for Xiushui 11. The regression analysis showed that grain As and Cd concentrations were positively correlated with the maximum grain filling rate (GRm),while negatively correlated with the required time for reaching the maximum grain filling rate (Tpol). Concerning Cr and Pb, the case was just reverse. It is suggested that As and Cd accumulation in grains might be accompanied by the carbohydrate accumulations, while Cr and Pb accumulation displayed a different pattern.     

Zn, Cu, Cd and Hg binding to metallothioneins in harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena from the southern North Sea

Background  

Harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena from the southern North Sea are known to display high levels of Zn and Hg in their tissues linked to their nutritional status (emaciation). The question arises regarding a potential role of metallothioneins (MTs) with regard to these high metal levels. In the present study, metallothionein detection and associated Zn, Cd, Cu and Hg concentrations were investigated in the liver and kidney of 14 harbour porpoises collected along the Belgian coast.