速溶芦笋粉改善睡眠作用研究

[目的]评价以芦笋为原料开发的功能食品速溶芦笋粉改善睡眠的功效。[方法]通过60名志愿者试食试验,每日食用1次,1次2袋(24 g),连续食用60 d,进行睡眠状况评估,同时测定安全性指标及失眠相关内分泌指标,观察速溶芦笋粉对人体睡眠障碍的改善作用。[结果]速溶芦笋粉可明显增加有失眠困扰测评者的有效睡眠时间,由5.1 h延长至6.1 h;缩短入睡时间,由50.4 min缩短到25.3 min;醒后再入睡时间明显减少,平均时间由46.5 min减少至19.5 min,食用前后差异显著(P0.05),测评者对睡眠质量改善满意度较高。食用后无肝肾功能影响,具有较好的安全性。速溶芦笋粉可以降低皮质醇、去甲肾上腺素水平,提高5-羟色胺、多巴胺水平。[结论]速溶芦笋粉有改善睡眠质量作用,安全有效,其改善睡眠作用可能与调节HPA轴或5-羟色胺分泌相关。     

速溶芦笋粉改善睡眠作用研究

[目的]评价以芦笋为原料开发的功能食品速溶芦笋粉改善睡眠功效.[方法]通过60名志愿者试食实验,每日食用一次,一次两袋(24G),连续食用60d,进行睡眠状况评估,同时测定安全性指标及失眠相关内分泌指标,观察速溶芦笋粉对人体睡眠障碍的改善作用.[结果]速溶芦笋粉可明显增加有失眠困扰测评者有效睡眠时间,由5.1 h延长至6.1 h;缩短人睡时间,由50.4 min缩短到25.3 min;醒后再入睡时间明显减少,平均时间由46.5 h减少至19.5 h,食用前后差异显著(P＜0.05),测评者对睡眠质量改善满意度较高.食用后无肝肾功能影响,具有较好的安全性.速溶芦笋粉可以降低皮质醇、去甲肾上腺素水平,提高5-羟色胺、多巴胺水平.[结论]人体试食试验表明,速溶芦笋粉有改善睡眠质量作用,安全有效,其改善睡眠作用可能与调节HPA轴或调节5-羟色胺分泌相关.     

Persistent increase in brain serotonin turnover after chronic administration of LSD in the rat

Lysergic acid diethylamide at doses of 20 micrograms per kilogram per day was administered orally to rats for I month. Eighteen hours after the final dose a 25 to 30 percent increase in the synthesis and turnover of serotonin was noted, as well as a moderate but significant increase in the concentration of tryptophan (18 percent) and serotonin (13 percent) in the brain.     

Anemia in sleep-deprived rats receiving anticoagulants

Independent groups of rats were deprived of sleep and treated with the anticoagulant drugs phenylindanedione or dicoumarol for 1 to 8 days. These animals developed an extremely severe anemia which was accelerated by p-chlorophenylalanine. The red cell count and amount of hemoglobin decreased to half of normal values. No decrease occurred in animals subjected to any one single treatment. Histological examination indicated hemolysis, hypoplasia of hemopoietic organs, slight hemorrhage, but no evidence of stress. The severity of the anemia was inversely related to the amount of sleep permitted during sleep deprivation. This new syndrome demonstrates marked effects of sleep deprivation on both maturation and destruction of red blood cells. Depletion of serotonin by injection of parachlorophenylalanine blocked the increase in amount of brain waves of the type commonly seen in slow wave sleep but did not eliminate the production of these waves. This result is at variance with the theory that serotonin is the neurochemical responsible for the "priming" of slow wave sleep.     

Paradoxical sleep: effect of low partial pressures of atmospheric oxygen

When cats are subjected to an atmosphere of 100 percent oxygen at a sufficiently low pressure, their sleeping patterns are changed: paradoxical sleep disappears and drowsiness increases. This change appears when the pressure decreases to a level close to that at which the hemoglobin begins to dissociate. Return of a cat to a normal atmosphere produces a rebound: the cat spends more time in paradoxical sleep than it did during the base-line period. This finding suggests that a mechanism, closely related to the metabolism of oxygen in the brain, must play an important role in the production of paradoxical sleep. Yet the increase in paradoxical sleep after decompression indicates that still other mechanisms must merge to produce paradoxical sleep.     

A strong influence of serotonin axons on beta-adrenergic receptors in rat brain

The role of serotonin axons in modulating the norepinephrine neurotransmission system in rat brain was investigated. Selective lesions of the forebrain serotonergic system were made by injecting 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine into the midbrain raphe nuclei. Four to six weeks after the lesion, the uptake of 3H-labeled serotonin in the frontal cortex and the hippocampus was reduced by more than 90 percent, while neither the uptake of 3H-labeled norepinephrine nor the content of norepinephrine was affected in either tissue. The number of beta-adrenergic receptors, as measured by radioligand binding with 3H-labeled dihydroalprenolol, was increased in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of rats with lesions. Similarly, specific lesions of central serotonin axons produced by systemically administered p-chloramphetamine resulted in an increase in the binding of 3H-labeled dihydroalprenolol to beta-adrenergic receptors and in the production of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in response to isoproterenol. These results indicate that serotonin axons may regulate beta-adrenergic receptor number and function in brain.     

Aminoacidemias: effects on maze performance and cerebral serotonin

The feeding of high dietary supplements of L-phenylalanine (7 percent) and L-leucine (7 percent) to weanling rats is associated with poor performance in a multiple-T, water-escape maze. Supplements high in L-tryptophan (5 percent), on the other hand, result in maze performance which is superior to that of controls. Adding 5 percent tryptophan to the high-phenylalanine diet reverses the behavioral deficit. The quality of maze performance correlated with the cerebral content of serotonin.     

Spontaneous middle ear muscle activity in man: a rapid eye movement sleep phenomenon

Changes in compliance of the tympanic membrane have been detected in normal human sleep, presumably due to spontaneous contraction of the stapedius and tensor tympani muscles of the middle ear. In the waking state, these muscles generally respond to loud sound (middle ear reflex). Middle ear muscle activity typically erupts before or at the onset of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and persists throughout the REM period in a discontinuous pattern resembling that exhibited by rapid eye movements. Approximately 80 percent of all nocturnal middle ear muscle activity is contained in REM sleep. Half of the remaining 20 percent occurs in the 10-minute intervals just prior to the onset of REM sleep. Middle ear muscle activity is often associated with other phasic events such as momentary enhancement of electromyogram inhibition, apnea, and K complexes. Rapid eye movements and middle ear muscle activity, though significantly correlated in REM sleep, are not always simultaneous.     

Pharmacologic effects in man of a specific serotonin-reuptake inhibitor

Fluoxetine (Li-ly 110140) caused a 63 percent inhibition of [3H]serotonin uptake into platelets obtained from normal volunteers to whom the drug was administered daily for 7 days. This dose had no effect on the usual pressor response produced by injections of norepinephrine or tyramine.     

水回流法提取河湟红花籽粕中5-羟色胺衍生物的工艺研究

[目的]优选水回流法提取河湟红花籽粕5-羟色胺衍生物的最佳工艺条件。[方法]以5-羟色胺衍生物含量为指标,采用正交试验法对影响水回流法提取河湟红花粉粕中5-羟色胺衍生物的提取温度、提取时间、提取次数和料液比4个因素进行考察,优选出最佳提取方案。[结果]影响蒸馏水回流法提取河湟红花籽粕中5-羟色胺衍生物含量的因素依次为提取温度提取时间提取次数料液比;提取温度对5-羟色胺衍生物提取率具有明显影响;最佳提取方案为:提取温度80℃,提取时间1.5 h,提取次数3次,料液比1∶20(g/ml);在此条件下提取的5-羟色胺衍生物含量为0.66%。[结论]优选出了最佳提取工艺,为河湟红花籽粕的开发利用提供了理论依据。     

Sleep: suppression of rapid eye movement phase in the cat after electroconvulsive shock

Electroconvulsive shock, administered for 5 to 7 days, reduced the daily rapid eye movement sleep time of seven cats to as little as 28 percent of base line levels. After day 4, eye movements during periods of cortical activation without tonic electromyographic activity were greatlyreduced. Although partially deprived of rapid eye movements for as long as 7 days, the cats showed no compensatory rise in rapid eye movement time during the recovery period, but controls equally deprived gave significant rebounds. Rapid eye movement time of anesthetized cats was not affected by current that usually produces con vulsions; it was lowered in animals convulsed with metrazol, but the same dosage of this drug, administered so as to avoid convulsions, had little eflect.It appears that some aspect of the convulsion is responsible for lowering the rapid eye movement time.     

Septal tryptophan-5-hydroxylase: divergent response to raphe lesions and parachlorophenylalanine

A soluble form of tryptophan-5-hydroxylase activity was found to be present in areas rich in serotonergic terminals (colliculi, hippocampus, septal area, and remaining telencephalon) as well as in brainstem, an area rich in cell bodies. The enzymatic activity in all brain regions, except the septal area, was inhibited to varying degrees following administration of parachlorophenylalanine. Destruction of the raphe nuclei in the midbrain led to a large and comparable decrease in both serotonin content and tryptophan hydroxylase activity of the hippocampus. In contrast, these lesions did not significantly affect the enzymatic activity of the septal area although the serotonin content was decreased by 72 percent. These findings suggest that the major portion of the tryptophan hydroxylase activity of the septal area is uniquely different from that found in other telencephalic areas in that it is not localized in serotonergic nerve terminals nor is it inhibited by parachlorophenylalanine.     

Stage 4 sleep: influence of time course variables

Age, length of prior wakefulness, length of time asleep, and a circadian influence all affect stage 4 sleep. The amount of stage 4 sleep decreases as subject's age increases and as time asleep increases. Longer periods of wakefulness before sleep result in greater amounts of stage 4 sleep in the first 3 hours of sleep. Sleep periods that begin at times other than the regular onset time tend to produce less stage 4 sleep; this decrease suggests a circadian effect.     

Long-term amphetamine treatment decreases brain serotonin metabolism: implications for theories of schizophrenia

Long-term amphetamine administration to cats (a mean of 8.75 milligrams per kilogram twice daily for 10 days) produced large decreases (40 to 67 percent in serotonin and its major metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, in all brain regions examined. This treatment also produced several behaviors that are dependent on depressed central serotonergic neurotransmission, and which normally are elicited exclusively by hallucinogenic drugs. Short-term amphetamine administration (15 mg/kg) did not produce these behaviors and resulted in small decreases in brain serotonin and no change in 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. These data are discussed in the context of monoamine theories of schizophrenia.     

Bispectrum analysis of electroencephalogram signals during waking and sleeping

The degree of interaction of component waves making up a single electroencephalogram trace was strongly correlated with alpha activity, lead placement, and state of consciousness. Significant quadratic coupling of the waves was found only for awake subjects with high alpha activity. For these subjects about 50 percent of beta activity can be attributed to harmonic coupling with the alpha peak. During sleep, the degree of interaction was of borderline significance and did not follow a consistent pattern with respect to subject, frequency, state, or lead.     

基于心肺耦合(CPC)分析研究五行音乐对抑郁症患者睡眠质量的影响

目的 运用心肺耦合（CPC）分析睡眠监测系统,观察五行音乐合并抗抑郁药物治疗伴随睡眠问题抑郁症患者的临床疗效。方法 将70例抑郁症睡眠障碍患者随机分为两组,治疗组用五行音乐合并抗抑郁药物治疗;对照组单纯抗抑郁药物治疗。疗程均为4周。观察两组CPC睡眠监测值、汉密尔顿（HAMD）量表及匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）量表治疗前后的变化情况。结果 65人纳入结果分析,脱落率为7%。CPC睡眠监测值中初入睡时间、浅睡时间、HAMD量表评分在治疗前后差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗后两组相比,PSQI量表评分、CPC睡眠监测值中熟睡时间、睡眠品质总分差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 五行音乐合并抗抑郁药物治疗可改善抑郁症睡眠质量,提高抑郁症患者的睡眠品质。     

酸枣仁水提取物的镇静催眠试验研究

以酸枣仁为材料,采用水提取醇沉降法提取酸枣仁中的水提取物,研究酸枣仁水提取物对试验动物的镇静,催眠作用。主要以对硝酸士的宁惊厥作用的影响,来观察对闽上剂量戊巴比妥钠所致小鼠睡眠时间,对阁下剂量戊巴比妥钠所致小鼠入睡率的影响。结果表明：与空白组进行比较,高剂量组（80g／kg）差异非常显著（P〈O．01）,中剂量组（50g／kg）差异显著（P〈0．05）,都可以减弱硝酸士的宁的惊厥作用,延长闲上剂量戊巴比妥钠所致睡眠时间,增加阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠所致小鼠的入睡率。     

Behavioral response rates in pigeons: effect of alpha-methyl-m-tyrosine

An intramuscular injection of alpha-methyl-m-tyrosine ( 100 mg/ kg), which differentially depletes serotonin and norepinephrine in both brain and heart, was given to two groups of pigeons trained to peck at a key for food. The first group received an injection 12 hours before the daily session and showed no behavioral effect. Response rates of birds in the second group, which were injected 30 minutes after the start of the daily session, decreased and returned to normal within 9 hours after injection. Preliminary data on brain serotonin of pigeons indicate that the disruption of the behavior follows the same time course as the change in serotonin.     

点穴疗法及中药足浴护理改善脑卒中后失眠的临床观察

目的 探讨点穴疗法及中药足浴护理对脑卒中后失眠的改善情况。方法 将80例脑卒中后失眠患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组40例。对照组给予病房常规护理,观察组在常规护理的基础上,加用中医点穴疗法、中药足浴进行干预,于出院前评价两组患者的睡眠改善情况。结果 两组干预后失眠情况的比较,入睡时间、觉醒次数、总睡眠时间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 点穴疗法及足浴护理可以有效改善脑卒中后失眠患者的睡眠情况。     

2种精油成分对缓解大学生失眠与焦虑的影响

采用多导睡眠图(PSG)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、汉密尔顿焦虑量(HAMA)评价了嗅吸芳樟醇精油和柠檬烯精油对大学生失眠、焦虑的缓解作用。结果表明,分别嗅吸2种精油后,呈现效果为总睡眠时间延长等方面的睡眠结构明显改善,而空白对照组没有明显改善。上述结果说明这2种精油成分均有缓解失眠和焦虑的功效。