波尔山羊与甘肃东部当地山羊杂交一代二代生产性能研究

引入波尔山羊与当地山羊杂交，杂交一代体型外貌发生较大变化，尤其是杂交二代羊耳下垂者为97％以上，头部有褐色或浅褐色者占20％，体格高大、紧凑，躯体呈圆桶型，体型趋向波尔山羊，表现出肉用羊体型。体重和增重速度表现出明显的杂交优势。杂交一代公羊6月龄和12月龄体重分别为36．20kg和39．10kg，分别比当地山羊提高36．4％和31．6％；杂交一代母羊6月龄和12月龄体重分别为34．23kg和38．35kg，分别比当地山羊提高36．40％和43．60％。杂交二代公羔6月龄和12月龄体重为37．31kg和41．53kg，分别比当地山羊提高40．6％和39．8％；杂交二代母羊6月龄和12月龄体重分别为36．25kg和38．54kg，分别比当地山羊提高46．6％和44．2％。     

安徽白山羊三元杂交生长发育性能研究

在淮北平原舍饲为主的条件下,波萨安、马萨安和波波安杂交组合初生重为2.34kg、2.23kg和3.04kg,比安徽白山羊初生重（1.94kg）分别提高17.59%、12.06%和52.76%;8月龄体重,波萨安、马萨安和波波安为24.23kg、22.29kg和37.97kg,分别比安徽白山羊（13.5kg）提高78.56%、64.26%和179.81%;0-8月龄日增重,波萨安、马萨安和波波安为91.21g、83.58g和145.54g,分别比安徽白山羊（48.25g）提高89.04%、73.22%和201.64%。     

波尔山羊改良仁寿本地山羊的效果探讨

通过引进波尔山羊与仁寿本地山羊杂交进行试验，结果表明：波杂一代羊6月龄体重28．87kg，周岁体重44．53kg，比本地山羊分别提高75．39％、85．46％；波杂二代羊6月龄体重31．64kg,周岁体重47．50kg，比本地山羊分别提高92．22％、97．83％。波杂一代羊日增重6月龄平均为142．94g，周岁平均为114．97g，比本地山羊分别提高79．06％、88．82％；波杂二代羊日增重6月龄平均为157．28g，周岁平均为122．86g，比本地山羊分别提高97．02％、101．77％。6月龄波杂一代羊胴体重为12．06kg，屠宰率为49．08％，净肉率为38．00％；波杂二代羊胴体重为12．95kg，屠宰率为49．54％，净肉率为38．46％。     

波尔山羊杂交改良萨能山羊和本地山羊试验报告

用波尔山羊冷冻精液与萨能山羊、浦江本地山羊杂交，杂一代羊体尺、体重有较大幅度提高。波萨山羊比萨能山羊6月龄体高、体长、胸围分别提高8．05％、7．95％、8．24％，初生重、6月龄重分别提高12．08％、20．53％，差异显著。波本山羊比本地山羊6月龄体高、体长、胸围分别提高22．85％、22、75％、18．42％，初生重、6月龄重分别提高41．53％、79．43％．差异极显著。每只波萨山羊比萨能山羊增加收入41．30元。每只波本山羊比本地山羊增加收入95．40元。     

波尔山羊与鲁北白山羊二元杂交对比试验

结果表明，以波尔山羊为父本组改良效果极为显著。杂种一代羊体型外貌明显倾向于父本—波尔山羊；初生、3月龄、6月龄、12月龄体重分别比同期当地白山羊提高59．5％、57．6％、66．8％、80．2％；屠宰率为46．12％，净肉率达42．8％．比鲁北白山羊高出5．6个百分点；羊肉品质明显改善。     

波尔山羊与黄淮山羊杂交选育效果初报

以波尔山羊为父本，黄淮山羊为母本，开展杂交选育，波黄F1较黄淮山羊体型有明显改进，肉用特征明显，初生重和生长发育得到明显提高。公羔初生重3.12±0.22kg，2月龄断奶重14.29±1.47kg，6月龄体重32.55±4.38kg，周岁体重48.44±4.67kg，比黄淮山羊分别提高1.38kg、3.73kg、11.32kg和16.66kg；母羔初生重2.43±0.23kg，2月龄断奶重13.51±1.82kg，6月龄体重27.14±8.61kg，周岁体重40.79±5.26kg，比黄淮山羊分别提高0.83kg、3.84kg、10.60kg和13.2kg。     

波×本一代羔羊的生长性能比较试验

本试验分析了海拔3 000 m以上的高寒牧区饲养波×本一代羊出生到6月龄的生长发育性能。结果表明,在同样的饲养管理条件下,波本F_16月龄体高、体长和胸围分别为(48.25±2.75)cm、(51.75±2.25)cm和(59.50±2.53)cm,分别比本地山羊提高17.28％、20.26％和14.05％,差异显著;初生重及1月龄、3月龄和6月龄体重分别为(2.57±0.17)kg、(4.82±0.18)kg、(11.22±1.20)kg和(18.95±1.55)kg,分别比本地山羊提高87.59％、67.94％、60.98％和71.18％,差异极显著;经过经济效益分析,每只波×本山羊比本地山羊增重7.88 kg,增加收入70.92元。     

波尔山羊与沿河白山羊杂交改良效果初报

引用波尔山羊与沿河白山羊杂交,采用鲜精输配,情期受胎率为91.11%。波本F1羔羊体型趋向父本,其早期生长发育快,体尺、体重增加显著,平均初生重2.31kg,2月龄重11.66kg,4月龄重19.89kg,6月龄重26.47kg,9月龄重达35.63kg,比同龄沿河白山羊分别提高40％、70.22%、80.65%、96.44%和86.89%。     

波尔山羊与宜昌白山羊杂交试验初报

用波尔山羊冻精输配宜昌白山羊，发校后代体型外貌趋匀本，耳宽大崦下垂。毛白带棕红色斑块肌肉丰满，杂交优势明显，波宜杂交一代羔羊初生重和２月龄体重分别为２．５７ｋｇ和１１．７６ｋｇ，比宜昌白山羊提高６７．８％和８６．７％，建议在全省大力推广应用。     

布尔山羊、关中奶山羊、陕南白山羊三品种杂交试验对比分析

利用陕南白山羊与关中奶山羊、布尔山羊三品种杂交试验,分别测定初生重、3月龄、6月龄、12月龄四个阶段的胸围、体长、体高和体重,将测定的各项指标分别与布陕杂一代、关陕杂一代和陕南白山羊的同阶段指标进行对比分析,结果表明,布关陕杂种羊在不同生长阶段的体重优于布陕杂一代、关陕杂一代和陕南白山羊。布关陕杂种羊的初生重比布陕杂一代、关陕杂一代、陕南白山羊分别提高18．8％、48．2％、66．2％;3月龄体重分别提高17．2％、28．1％、35．1％;6月龄体重分别提高17．7％、51．3％、65．6％;12月龄体重分别提高15．2％、52．3％、58．0％。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.