不同食物组合与投喂方法对蒙古裸腹生长和生殖的影响

蒙古裸腹(MoinamongolicaDaday)是旧大陆上分布的一种盐水裸腹[1],1988年在我国被首次报道[2]。有关该的生物学和培养技术已被较为系统地研究[3]。20世纪90年代以来,该在我国沿海地区逐渐被用做海水和半咸JOURNALOFFISHERIESOFCHINA　　　　　　　　　　　Vol.28,N     

不同碱度下高pH对蒙古裸腹溞存活、生长及生殖的影响

温度(25±1) ℃、盐度20±1时研究了不同碱度下高pH对蒙古裸腹溞存活、生长和生殖的影响.试验结果表明,碱度的升高会降低蒙古裸腹溞对pH的耐受高限:海水的碱度为(0.19±0.1)、(1.99±0.1)、(3.92±0.1)、(5.95±0.1) mmol/L时,蒙古裸腹溞对pH 24 h 中间耐受水平(TLm)分别为10.50、10.15、10.07、9.50;对pH 48 h TLm分别为10.09、9.88、9.81、9.08.蒙古裸腹溞在培养液pH为9.0～9.3时,生长率和存活率相对优越于其他各组.pH 9.0时,蒙古裸腹溞的内禀增长率最大为0.5145/d;pH 9.3时次之,为0.5099/d.     

接种密度和面包酵母投喂量对蒙古裸腹溞种群变动和生产量的影响

在室内水槽中进行蒙古裸腹(Moinamongolica)的大量培养,研究不同接种密度和面包酵母投喂水平对该种群变动和生产量的影响。所用蒙古裸腹为20世纪90年代采自山西省晋南半咸水湖、在海水中长期培养保存下的种。实验1中,接种密度分别设为338ind/L、145ind/L和88ind/L3个水平,面包酵母投喂量为5mg/L,每天4次,各设3个重复。实验2中,面包酵母投喂量分别为30mg/(L·d)、20mg/(L·d)和10mg/(L·d)3个水平,蒙古裸腹接种密度为900ind/L,各设3个重复。实验结果表明:(1)在一定范围内蒙古裸腹培养产量随接种密度增加而增加,当接种密度低于88ind/L时,接种的蒙古裸腹较难形成稳定的种群。(2)当使用面包酵母(Bakeryeast)作为培养蒙古裸腹的惟一食物时,食物需要量随种群密度的变化而变化。当密度低于1500ind/L时,适宜的面包酵母投喂水平为20mg/(L·d);当密度超过5000ind/L时为30mg/(L·d)。上述结果显示,接种密度和面包酵母投喂量对蒙古裸腹种群变动和生产量具有重要影响。建议在蒙古裸腹培养生产中接种密度高于150ind/L,面包酵母投喂量为0 8×10-5～1 3×10-5g/(ind·d)。     

海水活饵料蒙古裸腹溞的研究进展

本文综述了蒙古裸腹溞（Moina mongolica Daday）作为海水鱼虾幼体活饵料的研究进展．着重介绍其生物学特性和培养方法。该溞是欧亚非大陆上唯一得到认可的盐水裸腹溞,生态适应能力强．繁殖迅速,用作海水鱼虾活饵料适口性好．营养成分较全面．且可高密度培养,有望成为今后海水和半咸水经济动物幼体培育中的优质活饵料。     

敌百虫和久效磷农药对蒙古裸腹溞的急性毒性研究

研究了2种有机磷农药（敌百虫、久效磷）对蒙古裸腹潘的急性毒性,结果表明,敌百虫对蒙古裸腹涵的毒性很高,而久效磷对蒙古裸腹潘的毒性较低。敌百虫和久效磷对蒙古裸腹潘的24hLC50分别是0．03mg／L和1．54mg／L。     

铜绿微囊藻对蒙古裸腹溞生殖及抗氧化酶的影响

随着水体富营养化和全球变暖,微囊藻水华在低盐度封闭海域也时常发生。为探讨低盐度封闭海域中的铜绿微囊藻的毒性对盐水枝角类动物生殖、抗氧化酶的重要影响,在室内条件下培养耐盐为8的有毒铜绿微囊藻,分别开展不同藻密度的有毒铜绿微囊藻[4个有毒铜绿微囊藻处理组、1个对照组(小球藻)、1个禁食组]、不同组合的混合饵料(设置4个处理组和1个对照组,藻密度为1×10⁵个/mL)对蒙古裸腹溞生长繁殖的影响,以及不同食物条件对蒙古裸腹溞体内超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性的影响。结果显示：在不同的藻密度条件下,随着有毒铜绿微囊藻藻密度增大,蒙古裸腹溞寿命显著减短,并且在有毒铜绿微囊藻处理组中均无繁殖现象;在混合饵料(小球藻+有毒铜绿微囊藻)条件下,有毒铜绿微囊藻占比越大,蒙古裸腹溞的净生殖率越低,世代时间越短;在96 h的酶活性测试中,与小球藻组相比,暴露在有毒铜绿微囊藻条件下的蒙古裸腹溞的超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性随时间显著下降。研究表明,有毒铜绿微囊藻显著抑制蒙古裸腹溞的种群生长。在2种食物条件下,添加小球藻可以缓解铜绿微囊藻对蒙古裸腹溞的毒害作用,同时铜绿微囊藻的毒性也显著影...     

蒙古裸腹溞大量培养的几点体会

蒙古裸腹(ＭｏｎｉａＭｏｎｇｏｌｉｃａＤａｄａｙ)是一种盐水低等甲壳动物,已经驯养于海水并进行规模化养殖,其生长繁殖迅速,适于在各种条件下高密度培养,是海水鱼、虾、蟹育苗的优良活饵料,能有效缓解日益紧缺的卤虫资源。国内何志辉[1]、区又君[2]等对其生物学及培养     

光合细菌对多刺裸腹溞培养的影响

在实验室条件下,采用静止培养法对多刺裸腹溞进行培养实验,研究在以酵母和小球藻为饵料的多刺裸腹溞培养中,添加不同浓度光合细菌对其生长繁殖的影响。结果表明:光合细菌(菌液浓度为48×108cell/ml)添加量为1 mg/L(组2)、2mg/L(组3)、64 mg/L(组8)、130 mg/L(组9)和260 mg/L(组10)时,实验组中多刺裸腹溞的生殖量与空白对照(组1)相比均无差异(P>0.05);光合细菌添加量分别为4 mg/L(组4)和8 mg/L(组5)时,实验组中多刺裸腹溞的生殖量明显多于对照组,差异较明显(P<0.05),其对多刺裸腹溞的增长具有明显的促进作用;在16 mg/L(组6)和32 mg/L(组7)时,实验组中多刺裸腹溞的生殖量达到最高峰,分别为对照组的1.54倍和1.40倍,差异十分显著(P<0.05);而当添加量过高,在520~800 mg/L(组11~组14)浓度范围内,实验组中多刺裸腹生殖量呈现急剧下降趋势,显著低于对照组(P<0.05);在本实验设计范围内,浓度等于或高于900 mg/L(组15)时,幼溞在12 d后仍没有达到性成熟,光合细菌对多刺裸腹溞的繁殖明显起抑制作用。以上结果显示,在以酵母与小球藻为饵料的多刺裸腹溞培养中,16~32 mg/L的光合细菌添加量最为适宜,该浓度范围的光合细菌对多刺裸腹溞的生长繁殖具有显著的促进效果。     

活体蒙古裸腹溞航天搭载技术的试验探讨

应用无源封闭式缩微水生态生命维持系统技术,将蒙古裸腹溞(Moina mongolica)活体,搭载在中国第21颗返回式科学与技术试验卫星上,活体成功返回地球,并在返回地面前产出了仔代。通过航天搭载育种试验,初步肯定该系统能基本满足蒙古裸腹溞的航天搭载生存要求。     

蒙古裸腹溞的培养

蒙古裸腹氵蚤在分类上隶属于甲壳纲 (Crus tacea)、鳃足亚纲 (Branchiapoda)、枝角目 (Clado cera)、裸腹氵蚤科 (Moinidae)、裸腹氵蚤属 (Moina)。蒙古裸腹氵蚤 (MoinaMongolicaDaday)是一种盐水低等甲壳动物 ,已经驯养于海水并进行规模化养殖 ,其生长繁殖迅速 ,蒙古裸腹氵蚤     

连续孤雌生殖对蒙古裸腹Sao繁殖能力的影响

在实验室内采用单个体培养方法对蒙古裸腹进行了105d的连续孤雌生殖培养。在适宜而稳定的温度、盐度和食物条件下,连续孤雌生殖24个世代后,蒙古裸腹的繁殖能力未出现明显的下降趋势。实验中,74.1%的蒙古裸腹生殖窝数超过4窝,产幼前发育时间为4.28±0.37d,两次生殖间隔期为2.30±0.41d,前4窝平均每窝生殖量为7.52±1.39个。本实验结果表明:在适宜环境条件下,连续孤雌生殖24个世代不会对蒙古裸腹繁殖能力产生明显的负影响。     

不同喂养条件下蒙古裸腹溞脂肪酸组成比较

比较不同食物和不同处理方式培养的蒙古裸腹（Ｍｏｉｎａｍｏｎｇｏｌｉｃａ）脂肪酸组成,ＥＰＡ含量在用海水小球藻全培养时为２７．６％,用２种面包酵母培养的分别为５．６％和１０．７％,用鱼油强化的为７．４％和１０．５％。试验表明蒙古裸腹难以同化吸收食物中的ＤＨＡ,但在鱼油强化时其肠道中储存的油粒可含一定量的ＤＨＡ,因此可用ＤＨＡ含量高的鱼油短时间强化,以肠道为ＤＨＡ载体,来满足海水鱼苗的营养要求。     

不同饵料对褶皱臂尾轮虫种群生长繁殖的影响↑（*）

用３种饵料、４个组合培养褶皱臂尾轮虫,研究饵料对轮虫种群生长、繁殖的影响。结果表明：用光合细菌和鲜酵母混合为饵组,轮虫的最高培养密度达到了１８２０ｍＬ－１,高于其它３组;轮虫的日平均增殖率为０．４３５１,比光合细菌组和鲜酵母组分别增加了６．４％和２５．０％。对轮虫生长、繁殖有明显的促进作用。     

Effect of different live food on survival and growth of first feeding barber goby,Elacatinus figaro (Sazima,Moura & Rosa 1997) larvae

One of the major challenges in marine fish culture is how to provide live food of adequate size and nutritional quality for first‐feeding larvae. Commonly used live food organisms, rotifers and brine shrimp, may not always be the best option. To determine the suitability of different zooplankton in the larviculture of Elacatinus figaro, three diets were tested: RE – rotifers Brachionus sp. (10 ind mL^?1)+ciliate Euplotes sp. (10 ind mL^?1), enriched with fatty acids; RC – enriched rotifers (10 ind mL^?1)+wild copepod nauplii (10 ind mL^?1); and R – enriched rotifers (20 ind mL^?1). Survival rates were estimated 10 days after hatch (DAH) for the three test groups, and growth rates were evaluated for RE and R at 10 and 20 DAH. Although survival rate was numerically higher for the RC diet (41.1±14.2%), no significant difference was detected between groups fed RE (20.5±18.1%), RC or R (32.1±16.5%). At 10 DAH, the growth rate was significantly higher in RC (5.7±0.6 mm) than in R (4.6±0.5 mm), a trend that was also observed at 20 DAH for RC (8.6±0.5 mm) and R (5.8±0.7 mm) (P<0.05). E. figaro larvae fed on ciliates did not show satisfactory results, whereas feeding copepod nauplii enhanced growth.     

自溶面包酵母在马氏珠母贝育苗中的饵料效果

在实验车间内利用120L的塑料箱作为实验容器,采用自溶面包酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)作为单细胞藻的辅助饵料,研究其在马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii Dunker)育苗中的饵料效果,以期解决该贝育苗过程饵料供应不稳定、易培饵料品种小球藻(Chlorella sp.)利用率低的问题。研究结果表明:(1)在温度(30.0±0.5)℃、NaCl质量分数3%、pH6.5～7.0的自溶条件下,用经过18h自溶的酵母投喂D形幼虫,其平均日壳长增长率显著高于其他自溶时间酵母投喂组效果,单独投喂非自溶酵母时D形幼虫不能存活;(2)D形幼虫期单投自溶酵母,幼虫成活率与金藻组没有显著差异(P>0.05),生长速度比金藻组提高8%(P<0.05),说明自溶酵母可以完全替代湛江等鞭金藻(Isochrysis zhanjiangensis Hu﹠Liu),但在壳顶幼虫期和稚贝期单投自溶酵母不能使幼虫和稚贝正常发育和存活;(3)壳顶幼虫期及眼点幼虫至稚贝期投喂"自溶酵母 小球藻(Chlorella sp.)"或"自溶酵母 扁藻[Platymonas subcordiformis(Wille)]",其生长速度及存活率或稚贝育成率均显著高于单投扁藻或小球藻(P<0.05),单投小球藻的饵料效果最差;(4)自溶酵母与小球藻混投对眼点幼虫至稚贝培育效果较单独投喂影响显著,可显著(P<0.05)提高稚贝的育成率、生长速度和耐干露能力。研究表明,使用自溶酵母可以优化马氏珠母贝健康苗种规模繁育中的饵料供应工艺及提高易培饵料品种小球藻的利用价值,从而提高该贝育苗效果。     

Effects of different feeding regimes on juvenile black rockfish (Sebastes schlegilii) survival,growth, digestive enzyme activity,body composition and feeding costs

The objective of this study was to establish a proper feeding regime for juvenile black rockfish (Sebastes schlegilii) intended for stock enhancement. We used a combined experimental design to assess the effects of different feeding rates (1%, 3% and 5% body weight per day (BW/day)) and feeding frequencies (apparent satiety or restricted feeding 1 to 3 times daily) on survival, growth, digestive enzyme activity, body composition and feeding costs over 50 days, from newly weaned (initial average weight 1.5 ± 0.2 g) to release size. The results showed that feeding rate significantly affected fish growth, feed utilization and body composition. The highest feed conversion ratio was at 3% BW/day. Increased feeding rates resulted in enhanced growth and higher body lipid content, but this was also accompanied by decreased contents of moisture, protein and ash. With feeding to apparent satiety, increased feeding frequency resulted in higher growth performance and enhanced intestinal lipase activity but decreased gastric protease activity. There were no growth improvements or effects on digestive enzyme activity and body composition with increasing feeding frequency (from one to three times daily) under a fixed‐quantify feeding (3% BW/day). Feed costs increased with increasing feeding rates or apparent satiety feeding frequencies and were associated with shorter growth times to reach a suitable size for release. Our study suggests that a feeding rate of 3% BW/day is the best feeding regime for proper growth and reduced feed costs in juvenile black rockfish before releasing for stock enhancement.     

Effect of dietary nutrient composition on compensatory growth of juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus using different feeding regimes

Effect of dietary nutrient composition on compensatory growth of juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus using different feeding regimes was determined. Six treatments were prepared in triplicate: fish were daily hand‐fed with the control (C) diet twice a day, 7 days a week, for 8 weeks (8WF‐C); fish were starved for 1 week, and then fed with the C and high protein and lipid (HPL) diets twice a day, 7 days a week, for 7 weeks, referred to as 7WF‐C and 7WF‐HPL, respectively; and fish were starved for 2 weeks, and then fed with the C, HPL and HPL with supplementation of the mixture of amino acids (HPLA) diets twice a day, 7 days a week, for 6 weeks, referred to as 6WF‐C, 6WF‐HPL and 6WF‐HPLA, respectively. Growth of fish in 7WF‐HPL treatment was greater than that of fish in any other treatments. Feed efficiency of fish in 7WF‐HPL, 6WF‐HPL and 6WF‐HPLA treatments was higher than that of fish in 8WF‐C, 7WF‐C and 6WF‐C treatments. The high protein and lipid diet effectively improved compensatory growth of fish. However, supplementation of the mixture of amino acids into the high protein and lipid diet did not improve compensatory growth of fish further.