大肠杆菌新菌毛抗原的研究Ⅱ．菌毛抗原蛋白质特性测定

用保温法和裂解法可以有效提取Ｆ_(１９８７)新菌毛抗原蛋白质；该菌毛蛋白经区带电泳显示主、次两个组分，在０．０６ｍｏｌ／ＬｐＨ８．６巴比妥缓冲液电泳条件下，均向阳极泳动；免疫电泳显示两条沉淀线；其分子量为１９１００Ｄａ；等电点为３．０；由天门冬氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、脯氨酸、胱氨酸等１６种氨基酸组成。     

环尾狐猴和松鼠猴触达不同特征目标物的手偏好

以笼养环尾狐猴(Lemur catta)和松鼠猴(Saimiri sciureus)为研究对象,在国际上首次关注原猴亚目(Strepsirrhini)和新大陆猴(Platyrrhini)物种触达不同特征目标物(有生命目标物和无生命目标物)的手偏好表达特点。研究发现:(1)面对有生命和无生命目标物,环尾狐猴和松鼠猴均表现出个体水平上的手偏好,但无群组水平上的手偏好;(2)目标物特征和手偏好之间无显著交互作用。面对有生命目标物,环尾狐猴左手的使用频率高于右手,而松鼠猴则相反;面对无生命目标物,2物种左手的使用频率均高于右手;(3)面对各个类型目标物的手偏好方向和强度,物种间均无显著差异。关于环尾狐猴的研究结果在一定程度上支持任务复杂度假说、姿势起源理论和右脑半球假说,不支持工具使用理论;关于松鼠猴的研究结果在一定程度上支持任务复杂度假说和姿势起源理论,不支持右脑半球假说和工具使用理论。     

鸭新型疱疹病毒的致病性研究

本研究分别探讨了F株鸭新型疱疹病毒对番鸭，半番鸭，鹅和SPF鸡的致病性，经实验室人工感染试验表明该株病毒可导致雏番鸭，雏半番鸭发病，死亡，对雏番鸭相同的病变，自致死鸭脏器中重新分离到原攻击病毒；人工感染幸存鸭大多腹泻，生长发育明显受阻，体况消瘦，通过同居感染雏番鸭试验结果表明，该病毒不易经空气传播。对雏鹅，SPF雏鸡的人工感染试验结果可见。该病毒对雏鹅。SPF雏鸡均无致病性。     

贵州省鸟类新纪录——栗树鸭

2020年4月14日,在贵州省贵阳阿哈湖国家湿地公园保育区内(106°39′0.13″E,26°30′28.46″N,1107 m)开展鸟类监测,于浅水沼泽区拍摄到2只雁鸭类,经鉴定为栗树鸭(Dendrocygna javanica)。通过查阅相关文献,该种在贵州省的分布尚未记录过,属贵州省鸟类新纪录。本文对发现地概况、形态特征、生境特征和分布现状以及对该物种的保护进行了简要讨论。     

河南省鸟类新纪录种——灰翅鸫(Turdus boulboul)

在整理2015—2018年的红外相机数据中,在河南内乡宝天曼国家级自然保护区2个调查位点拍摄到了4组独立照片,经鉴定为灰翅鸫 ( Turdus boulboul ) ,雌鸟和雄鸟各有2次记录,并确认为河南省的鸟类新纪录物种。     

新促孕液及其加味方治疗子宫内膜炎的试验研究

以新促孕液为基础方，分别添加清热、活血、补气中药组成3个加味方，通过子宫灌注治疗家兔实验性子宫内膜炎，观察用药前后临床症状、子宫形态、子宫内膜显微和超微结构等临床病理学变化，比较新促孕液及其3个加味方的疗效。结果表明：新促孕液的疗效显著，用药后患兔的临床症状明显减轻，子宫周长和子宫指数明显降低，子宫内膜的炎性变化明显消退、损伤恢复较快；方2也有较好的疗效，可以作为新促孕液的改进方。     

Spontaneous cataracts in laboratory rabbits

Objective To document the occurrence and incidence of spontaneously occurring cataracts in older New Zealand White (NZW) and New Zealand White × New Zealand Red (NZW × NZR – F1) rabbits during prescreening examinations at Alcon Laboratories. Procedures A retrospective study was conducted on prescreening examination records of NZW and NZW × NZR (F1) rabbits at Alcon Laboratories between April 1999 and May 2001. Results A total of 946 rabbits (670 NZW and 276 NZW × NZR) ranging in age from 77 to 288 days were examined. Of the NZW rabbits, 333 were males and 337 were females. Of the NZW × NZR (F1) rabbits, 139 were males and 137 were females. Thirty‐eight NZW rabbits (23 males and 15 females) exhibited immature cataracts in one or both eyes, and three NZW × NZR (F1) rabbits (one male and two females) exhibited cataracts in one or both eyes. The overall incidence of cataracts was 4.3% of all rabbits. Males and females were equally affected, but a significant difference in the incidence of cataracts existed between the NZW and NZW × NZR (F1) rabbits with 5.7% of the NZW rabbits affected and 1.1% of the NZW × NZR (F1) rabbits affected. Conclusion Spontaneous juvenile cataracts occur in rabbits and may develop as incidental lesions during toxicologic studies. The incidence of cataracts noted in our studies is consistent with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, but further studies are needed to confirm the mode or modes of inheritance. Hybrid pigmented rabbits (F1 or NZW × NZR) exhibited a significantly lower incidence of cataracts.     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒对新西兰白兔致病性分析及E2蛋白免疫效果的评价

【目的】 研究牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）感染对新西兰白兔的致病性以及BVDV E2重组蛋白的免疫效果。【方法】 将实验室培养保存的BVDV病毒纯化并按照Reed-Muench法测定其病毒滴度。在致病性试验中,将10只新西兰白兔随机分为感染组和对照组,每组5只。感染组用1 mL纯化的BVDV病毒攻毒（滴鼻500 μL、耳缘静脉注射500 μL）,对照组用等体积的生理盐水处理,连续3 d,每天1次,每天观察各组兔的临床症状并测量体温;分别于接种病毒后第6、9、12、15、17天通过耳缘静脉采集血液检测血常规;感染病毒第17天采集鼻拭子进行RT-PCR鉴定,采集后剖杀并采集气管、肺脏、脾脏和小肠组织,制备病理切片观察病理变化。在免疫效果评价试验中,将10只新西兰白兔随机分为免疫组和对照组,每组5只,免疫组用E2重组蛋白（1 mg/只）与佐剂混合后经肌内多点注射免疫新西兰白兔,对照组接种等体积生理盐水;共免疫2次,2次免疫间隔为14 d。在一免后0、7、14、21、28 d采集血清,通过间接ELISA方法检测血清中抗重组蛋白特异性抗体水平;在一免后第28天按致病性试验中方法攻毒,在攻毒第17天采集鼻拭子进行RT-PCR鉴定,采集气管、肺脏、脾脏和小肠组织制备病理切片观察病理变化及免疫组织化学检测。【结果】 纯化后BVDV的病毒滴度为4.16×10⁶ TCID₅₀/mL。与对照组相比,感染组部分新西兰白兔6 d内活动减少,采食略微减少,6 d后逐渐恢复正常,在感染第13天出现腹泻症状,从第5天开始体温略微升高,但均在正常范围内波动。与对照组相比,在攻毒第6和9天,感染组白细胞和血小板分别显著和极显著降低（P<0.05;P<0.01）;在攻毒第12、15和17天,感染组白细胞、血小板和淋巴细胞均极显著降低（P<0.01）。鼻拭子RT-PCR检测为阳性,气管、肺脏、脾脏及小肠组织表现出轻度至重度的组织病理学变化。间接ELISA检测结果表明,在一免后7 d时,血清抗体滴度为1：16~1：32;在一免后28 d时,血清抗体滴度为1：256~1：512;免疫攻毒组新西兰白兔鼻拭子经RT-PCR检测为阴性;组织病理学观察显示,免疫攻毒组气管及肺脏表现出轻微的组织病理学变化。免疫组化检测结果显示,免疫组结果均呈阴性,对照组结果均为阳性。【结论】 通过滴鼻及耳缘静脉注射BVDV的方式可以构建新西兰白兔致病模型,BVDV E2亚单位疫苗能够刺激机体产生特异性抗体,起到免疫防御的作用。     

新城疫病毒野毒株的分离及其致病新特点

１９９８年４月份,本厂收检２０日龄患病肉仔鸡８只,发病群临症主要表现为扭颈、后退、长病程（２周以上）、高死亡率（９０％￣１００％）及内脏无眼观病变。迫杀取病料以ＳＰＦ鸡胚分离出新城疫病毒（ＮＤＶ）。经致病性检验证明分离物为ＮＤＶ野外强毒株（该强毒株可被常规抗ＮＤＶ血清中和）。说明目前已经出现了仅表现单一神经症状而内脏又无眼观病变、长病程且高死亡率的“新型ＮＤ”。     

促卵泡素和促黄体生成素对儋州鸡生殖激素调控规律的研究

为研究促卵泡素（FSH）和促黄体生成素（LH）对儋州鸡体内其他生殖激素的调控规律,本试验通过改变FSH和LH在儋州鸡血液中的浓度,并采用双抗体一步夹心法酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）对处理前后儋州鸡血液中FSH、LH、催乳素（PRL）、孕酮（P）、雌二醇（E₂）的浓度进行测定。结果发现,注射外源性FSH和LH分别能提高儋州鸡血液中FSH和LH浓度;当儋州鸡血液中FSH或LH浓度显著升高时则均能引起PRL浓度显著降低（P < 0.05）,但当FSH和LH浓度同时显著升高时,PRL浓度显著升高（P < 0.05）;当儋州鸡血液中FSH浓度显著升高时,E₂及P浓度显著提升（P < 0.05）,且在高浓度LH的协同下提升幅度更大;当儋州鸡血液中LH浓度显著升高时E₂及P浓度升高但不显著（P > 0.05）。本研究结果表明,儋州鸡血液中FSH或LH浓度的提高均能降低PRL的浓度,并能不同程度的提升E₂及P的浓度,但FSH与LH浓度同时提高则能通过协同作用刺激E₂及P浓度的大幅提升,当E₂及P浓度过高时能通过刺激PRL的释放,负反馈调节血液中FSH与LH,并恢复血液中E₂及P浓度。     

Study on Regulation of Reproductive Hormones in Danzhou Chicken by FSH and LH

To investigate the regulation of reproductive hormones in Danzhou chicken by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteotropic hormone (LH),the concentration of FSH and LH in Danzhou chicken blood were changed by different treatments and the concentration of FSH,LH, prolactin (PRL), progesterone (P), and estradiol (E₂) in the blood were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The results showed that exogenous FSH and LH could improve the concentrations of FSH and LH,respectively. When one of FSH and LH increased alone,the concentration of PRL was significantly decreased (P < 0.05),while it was significantly increased when FSH and LH were both increased (P < 0.05).The high level of the FSH could result the significant increase of E₂ and P (P < 0.05),and it would expand the increasing effect in cooperation with the high concentration of LH. While the high level of the LH could elevate the concentration of E₂ and P,but effect was not significant (P > 0.05).In conclusion,the study suggested that the increase level of FSH or LH could reduce the concentration of PRL in Danzhou chicken,meanwhile,it could increase the concentration of E₂ and P in varying degrees. However,both of the FSH and LH increase in the blood could result the significant increase of E₂ and P as the synergy. When the concentration of E₂ and P were too high,it could stimulate the release of PRL which could adjust the concentration of FSH and LH,and rebalance the concentrations of E₂ and P in the blood.     

Effects of Prostaglandin,N-methyl-D-aspartate and Letrozole on Ewes Plasma Levels of Reproductive Hormones were Evaluated on the Basis of Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Supplementation

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of the different compatibility of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) with prostaglandin(PG), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and letrozole (LE) on plasma related hormones levels of reproductive ewes. Thirty-nine and 3-year-old multiparity Suffolk ewes with average weight (75.51+11.55)kg were selected,and assigned into 3 groups,test group Ⅰ:Basis diet+34 mg/d MPA+1 mL/ewe PG, test group Ⅱ:Basis diet+34 mg/d MPA+600 mg/d NMDA, test group Ⅲ:Basis diet+34 mg/d MPA+ 14 mg/d LE, respectively, the trial period lasted for 18 days. The results showed as follows:On the basis of supplemental feeding MPA with PG treated,the levels of FSH in plasma of ewes were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01); Treated with NMDA, the levels of E₂, MLT,FSH and LH in plasma of ewes were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01), respectively;Treated with LE, the levels of MLT,LH and T in plasma of ewes were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01), respectively. This study suggested that MPA+NMDA and MPA+LE could be used as medicines for regulate and control oestrus of ewes, and the effect of MPA+NMDA was the best.     

2015年山东省肉鸡饲料原料中重金属污染情况调查及风险评估

本试验旨在调查2015年山东省肉鸡饲料原料中砷、铅、镉、铬和汞元素的污染情况,评估饲料原料的污染风险。试验收集烟台市莱阳、威海市文登、青岛市莱西、潍坊市诸城、日照市莒县、临沂市沂水、德州市夏津等地不同饲料生产厂家使用的8种饲料原料,包括玉米、豆粕、麸皮、花生粕、棉籽粕、玉米蛋白粉、干酒糟及其可溶物( DDGS)和微量元素预混料,应用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法( ICP-AES)检测镉、铅和铬元素的含量,应用原子荧光光谱法( AFS)检测砷和汞元素的含量,计算检出率、平均含量、超标率、最高含量与平均含量比值( HC/AC)和离散系数。结果表明：饲料原料中砷、铅、镉、铬和汞元素的检出率分别为32.29%、7.29%、12.50%、100.00%和100.00%;阳性样品中平均含量分别为0.21、1.27、2.12、3.48和0.02 mg/kg,超标率分别为0.00、1.04%、1.19%、54.76%和9.52%;微量元素预混料中砷、铅和镉元素,棉籽粕中铬元素及花生粕中汞元素的HC/AC最大,微量元素预混料中镉元素、花生粕中汞元素、豆粕中砷元素及棉籽粕中铅和铬元素离散系数最大。综上所述,肉鸡饲料原料中铬和汞元素污染严重;微量元素预混料中砷、镉、铬和铅元素、棉籽粕中铬和铅元素、花生粕和豆粕中汞元素易出现严重污染,因此建议制定预混料和饼粕类饲料中多种重金属元素的限量标准。     

补饲醋酸甲羟孕酮基础上分别进行前列腺素、N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸和来曲唑处理对母羊血浆繁殖激素水平的影响

试验旨在研究醋酸甲羟孕酮（medroxyprogesterone acetate,MPA）与前列腺素（prostaglandin,PG）、N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸（N-methyl-D-aspartate,NMDA）和来曲唑（letrozole,LE）的不同配伍对母羊血浆繁殖相关激素水平的影响。选取3岁经产萨福克母羊39只,平均体重（75.51±11.55） kg,随机均分为3组,试验Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮+34 mg/（d·只） MPA+1 mL/只PG,试验Ⅱ组饲喂基础日粮+34 mg/（d·只） MPA+600 mg/（d·只） NMDA,试验Ⅲ组饲喂基础日粮+34 mg/（d·只） MPA+14 mg/（d·只） LE,试验期18 d。结果发现,补饲MPA基础上进行PG处理,母羊血浆中FSH水平呈极显著升高（P<0.01）;补饲MPA基础上进行NMDA处理,母羊血浆中E2、MLT、FSH和LH水平均呈极显著升高（P<0.01）;补饲MPA基础上进行LE处理,母羊血浆中MLT、LH和T水平均呈极显著升高（P<0.01）。综合比较各生殖激素之间的关系及变化规律,在本试验条件下,建议MPA与NMDA和LE分别结合使用,可作为调控母羊繁殖性能的药品;且通过比较激素水平得出,MPA与NMDA组合效果最佳。     

Control of clinical paratuberculosis in New Zealand pastoral livestock

This review summarises current control measures for clinical paratuberculosis (Johne’s disease; JD) in New Zealand pastoral livestock. Most New Zealand sheep, deer, beef and dairy cattle herds and flocks are infected by Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (Map). Dairy cattle and deer are mostly infected with bovine (Type II), and sheep and beef cattle with ovine (Type I) strains. Control in all industries is voluntary. While control in sheep and beef cattle is ad hoc, the dairy and deer industries have developed resources to assist development of farm-specific programmes.

The primary target for all livestock is reduction of the incidence rate of clinical disease rather than bacterial eradication per se. For dairy farms, a nationally instituted JD-specific programme provides guidelines for risk management, monitoring and testing clinically suspect animals. While there is no formal programme for sheep farms, for those with annual prevalences of clinical disease >2%, especially fine wool breeds, vaccination may be a cost effective control option. The deer industry proactively monitors infection by a national abattoir surveillance programme and farmers with an apparent high disease incidence are encouraged to engage with a national network of trained consultants for management and control advice. Evaluation of the biological and economic effectiveness of control in all industries remains to be undertaken. Nevertheless, opportunities exist for farmers, who perceive significant JD problems in their herds/flocks, to participate in systematic best-practice activities that are likely to reduce the number of clinical infections with Map on their farms, and therefore the overall prevalence of JD in New Zealand’s farming industries.     

MDV对雏鸡血浆MDA含量与SOD活性的影响

为探讨丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)在雏鸡马立克病(MD)发病过程中的作用,研究了雏鸡在人工攻毒后血浆MDA含量与SOD活性的动态变化.结果表明,攻毒组接种马立克病病毒(MDV)后第14天,血浆中MDA的含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),第7天和第28天高于对照组,第56天时基本接近;血浆中SOD活性在第7天时对照组显著高于攻毒组(P＜0.05),第14天和第28天高于攻毒组,但差异不显著.表明雏鸡在感染MDV后血浆中MDA含量显著升高,SOD活性明显降低,对雏鸡MD的发病诊断有重要的指导作用.     

牛、羊、人叠朊基因的克隆与分析

为了解我国哺乳动物叠朊基因Prnd的生物信息，本实验采用PCR方法克隆了秦川黄牛、甘肃土种绵羊和汉族人的Prnd，运用分子生物学软件对这些序列进行了分析比较。结果表明，获得的三种哺乳动物的Prnd均位于1个单一的外显子内，与GenBank登录的相应序列具有高度同源性。秦川黄牛与甘肃土种绵羊Prnd的同源性为96．8％，推导氨基酸序列同源性为93．3％。汉族人Prnd与秦川黄牛和甘肃土种绵羊Prod的同源性均为80％，推导的氨基酸序列同源性均为76．3％。氨基酸一级结构分析显示3种Prod编码的叠朊均由氨基端的信号肽、中间的成熟蛋白和羧基端的GPI锚结合区组成。二级结构预测表明，3种Prod编码的叠朊均由3个α-螺旋和2个β-片层组成。本研究获得的这3种主要哺乳动物的Prnd信息为一进步研究叠朊的结构与功能奠定了基础。     

苜蓿自交不亲和性研究

实验中探讨了苜蓿自交不亲和性和遗传特征。结果得出:1.苜蓿自交结荚百分率为0～92％,平均为27.6％。苜蓿自交不亲和性在群体中呈连续、偏态分布。2.苜蓿自交不亲和性反应主要发生在雌蕊组织下部(子房及子房腔)。3.确定自交不亲和或自交亲和性的判别函数方程为Y=-0.0804x_1—0.5228x_2+0.6117_3。4.苜蓿自交不亲和性受单位点、复等位基因控制,并具有CSI遗传特点。5.S基因与过氧化物同工酶基因(Prxl)为连锁,两者间重组值为27％。6.PSC的遗传力h~2=62％,选择无论对亲和性和不亲和性均为有效。根据本试验结果讨论了苜蓿SI的测度指标、授粉方式及不亲和性的数量差异问题,并探讨了紫花苜蓿与黄花苜蓿种的分类差异,认为两者理应属同一种或种内不同生态型。     

氨苯磺胺多克隆抗体的制备

采用重氮化法将氨苯磺胺与人血清白蛋白偶联形成免疫原，免疫新西兰大白兔制备多克隆抗体。通过紫外扫描分析，免疫原中药物分子与蛋白质分子的偶联比为32：1，改良辛酸-饱和硫酸铵法纯化抗体，多克隆抗体效价达1：10^5，间接ELISA建立的氨苯磺胺检测的线性范围为1ng／mL～100μ/mL，70％抑制率可检测最低浓度为0．09μ/mL，以抗体与氨苯磺胺的反应率为100％，抗体与其他7种磺胺药交叉反应率很低。结果表明，制备的氨苯磺胺多克隆抗体具有很高的特异性，可用于动物性食品中氨苯磺胺残留的检测。     

鬼臼多糖对免疫功能低下小鼠自由基产生酶活性的影响

采用环磷酰胺腹腔注射(50mg/kg)小鼠建立免疫抑制模型,观察鬼臼多糖(PEP)不同剂量(50,100,200mg/kg和400mg/kg)配合环磷酰胺应用后,对小鼠脾脏中黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)及一氧化氮合成酶(NOS)水平的影响。结果表明,PEP能显著降低免疫抑制小鼠脾脏XOD、MPO的活性;对脾脏总NOS活性无显著影响,但400mg/kg多糖可降低小鼠脾脏诱导型NOS活性,提示PEP可通过降低免疫抑制小鼠体内自由基产生酶水平而起到抗氧化作用。