吉生羊草饲喂绵羊营养价值的评定

本研究采用消化试验,测定了6只东北细毛羊对吉生羊草的消化利用情况。结果表明:绵羊对吉生羊草的消化能为9.90MJ/kg,根据公式推算,代谢能为8.12MJ/kg。吉生羊草饲喂绵羊的消化率:干物质50.10%,有机物52.70%,粗蛋白63.40%,粗脂肪45.10%,粗纤维57.80%,无氮浸出物52.12%。     

棉桃壳和氨化棉桃壳对绵羊的营养价值评定

选用4只体重28 kg左右,安装永久瘤胃瘘管甘肃高山细毛羯羊,采用4×4拉丁方试验设计,通过体内消化代谢试验对棉桃壳和氨化棉桃壳进行营养价值评定。结果表明,绵羊对棉桃壳和氨化棉桃壳消化能、干物质消化率、氮消化率、有机物质消化率、中性洗涤纤维消化率、酸性洗涤纤维消化率、钙消化率、磷消化率和氮存留率分别为11.42 和10.90 MJ/kg,68.41%和66.30%,60.30%和60.68%,70.25%和67.57%,57.44%和54.55%,54.78%和52.21%,27.66%和24.88%,34.56%和27.57%及49.48%和50.34%。氨化棉桃壳和棉桃壳的消化率无显著性差异(P>0.05);饲粮中添加棉桃壳和氨化棉桃壳对绵羊瘤胃液中乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和其他酸摩尔比及乙/丙和氨态氮与蛋白氮浓度均产生了显著的影响(P<0.05),对瘤胃液pH及TVFA、总氮和尿素氮浓度无显著影响(P>0.05)。试验表明棉桃壳和氨化棉桃壳养分表观消化率无显著差异,利用尿素进行氨化处理时绵羊瘤胃内释放氨的速度较快,瘤胃微生物合成强度较低。     

茴香秸秆和茴香秕壳对绵羊营养价值的评定

选择6只体重28 kg左右,安装永久瘤胃瘘管甘肃高山细毛羯羊, 采用3×3无重复拉丁方试验设计,通过消化代谢试验,对茴香秸秆和茴香秕壳对绵羊的营养价值进行了评定。结果表明,绵羊对茴香秸秆和茴香秕壳的干物质消化率、氮消化率、氮存留率、有机物消化率、中性洗涤纤维消化率、酸性洗涤纤维消化率、钙消化率、磷消化率和消化能分别为62.11%和61.63%,63.83%和65.63%,50.58%和47.72%,62.63%和62.50%,54.95%和53.02%,52.18%和49.50%,23.19%和20.35%,31.98%和35.03%,以及9.86和9.51 MJ/kg。绵羊对茴香秸秆和茴香秕壳的消化率较高。饲粮中添加茴香秸秆对绵羊瘤胃液pH、乙酸摩尔比、丙酸摩尔比、丁酸摩尔比、乙酸/丙酸以及瘤胃液中尿素氮和蛋白氮浓度均产生了显著的影响(P<0.05),对其他酸摩尔比、瘤胃液总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)、总氮和氨氮浓度无显著影响(P>0.05);饲粮中添加茴香秕壳对绵羊瘤胃液乙酸、丁酸和其他酸摩尔比产生了显著的影响(P<0.05),对pH、丙酸摩尔比、乙酸/丙酸、瘤胃液TVFA和氮浓度无显著影响(P>0.05)。     

木薯对鸡的营养价值评定

为配合我省木薯的综合开发利用,我们用改进的TME法,对我省的木薯粉、木薯叶、木薯渣进行了鸡代谢能测定.材料与方法常规营养成份按照国标方法测定.代谢试验按改进的TME法进行.具体做法是选用单冠白来航成年健康公鸡6只,单只饲养在特制的笼里,试验前10天在其肛门外缝上     

鲜鱼副产品营养价值的评定

采集有代表性的鲜鱼副产品样品,按国标方法全面评价其营养价值。结果表明,鲜鱼副产品中粗蛋白,粗脂肪的质量分数较高,钙,磷,铁,锌含量丰富,氟,砷的质量分烽远低于国际要求,它是一种较好的饲料原料,适合在肉仔和仔猪日粮中添加。     

籽粒苋对鹅营养价值的评定

为了探索籽粒苋对鹅的营养价值以及不同方法不同鹅品种对其真代谢能、常规养分利用效果与差异,分别选取健康成年五龙鹅(小型)和青农灰鹅(大型)公鹅各24只,各设4个处理组,每个处理组6只,试验鹅单笼饲养,每天强饲80 g,试验采用全收粪法。试验结果表明,籽粒苋对鹅是一种较为理想的粗纤维饲料;对籽粒苋进行营养价值评定时,采用强饲并添加维生素和微量元素的方法最好;两品种之间对籽粒苋的真代谢能及常规养分的利用率具有一定的差异。     

粗饲料营养价值评定的研究进展

在反刍动物日粮中，粗饲料通行占60％—70％，甚至更高，是瘤胃微生物和宿主动物重要的营养来源，对维持反刍动物肠道健康，提高其生产力，有着重要作用。本文就国内外对粗饲料营养价值评定的进展进行了综述，特别是就现行国际国内流行的粗饲料评定指数进行了概括，指出了现行粗饲料评定之不足。     

苜蓿营养价值的评定方法研究进展

本文通过感官评定法、实验室方法和动物饲养试验方法对国内外苜蓿干草和苜蓿青贮营养价值的评定方法进行综述,旨在为苜蓿在饲料生产中的合理应用提供参考依据.     

饲料营养价值评定体系及分析方法的发展

饲料营养价值评定体系及分析方法的发展西北农业大学动物科学系陈玉林本世纪以来，随着畜牧业生产专业化程度的提高和家畜生理学、生物化学、繁殖学、营养学等基础学科的发展，围绕畜禽品种在不同生理状况下和不同生产目的的营养需要量，各种常规饲料及特种饲料资源营养价...     

向日葵秸秆与全株玉米混合青贮饲料品质评定

试验采用单因素试验设计,以向日葵秸秆与全株玉米为原料,以不同比例混贮,通过感官评定及青贮饲料品质分析,研究调制青贮饲料时二者较为适宜的混合比例.将向日葵秸秆和全株玉米分别按照0∶10,4∶6,5∶5,6∶4,7∶3,8∶2,9∶1和10∶0的重量比混合调制青贮饲料.结果表明,向日葵秸秆虽是菊科牧草,但青贮后能得到良好青贮饲料,青贮以异型乳酸发酵(hererolactic fermentation)为主;向日葵秸秆与全株玉米混合青贮后,4∶6混合处理组青贮饲料干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)和粗脂肪(EE)含量极显著高于而粗灰分(Ash)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、钙(Ca)和磷(P)含量极显著低于向日葵秸秆青贮饲料(P＜0.01);各处理组青贮饲料pH值均低于4.0,各混合处理组青贮饲料乳酸占总酸的百分比(LA/TA)、丙酸占总酸的百分比(PA/TA)较向日葵秸秆青贮饲料提高,乙酸占总酸的百分比(AA/TA)较向日葵秸秆青贮饲料降低,丁酸占总酸的百分比(BA/TA)没有检测到,在混合处理组,除4∶6混合处理组外,其余处理组青贮饲料氨态氮占总氮的百分比(NH3-N/TN)均低于向日葵秸秆青贮饲料.由此得出,全株玉米与向日葵秸秆混贮能有效提高向日葵秸秆青贮饲料的青贮品质.     

Nutritional evaluation of wheat straw treated with Crinipellis sp. in Sahiwal calves

Wheat straw was subjected to solid-state fermentation (SSF) with lignolytic white-rot fungus (WRF) Crinipellis sp. for 5 days to improve the nutritive value and digestibility. The fungal treatment caused a significant (P?<?0.05) decrease in cell wall constituents viz., neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose, lignin, and cellulose to the extent of 10.4, 11.2, 8.7, 8.7, and 12.1 %, respectively, with increase (P?<?0.05) in crude protein (CP) (51.6%) and ash (25.8%) contents in fungal treated wheat straw (FT-WS) than untreated wheat straw (UT-WS). Further, in vitro gas production, in vitro true dry matter digestibility and in vitro true organic matter digestibility at 48 h, metabolizable energy (ME) content, microbial biomass production, and short-chain fatty acids synthesis were significantly (P?<?0.05) higher in FT-WS. In vivo feeding trial in 10 Sahiwal calves (8–12 months) comprised of (1) control group (T1) fed with ad libitum chopped UT-WS and (2) treatment group (T2) offered with ad libitum chopped FT-WS, in addition to supplementation of groundnut cake and green berseem (Trifolium alexandrium) forage to both groups. Digestibility of nutrients for dry matter (DM), organic matter, CP, NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose, and total carbohydrates were significantly (P?<?0.05) higher in T2 compared to T1. Moreover, daily DM (P?<?0.05), digestible crude protein (P?<?0.01), and ME intakes were also higher (P?<?0.05) in group T2 with higher (P?<?0.05) nitrogen (N) retention, which resulted in significantly (P?<?0.05) higher average daily gain in body weight (135 vs. 102 g/day). It was concluded that SSF with WRF Crinipellis sp. holds potential in upgrading the nutritional worth of wheat straw for feeding growing calves.     

Nutritional evaluation of sunflower seed and products derived from them. Effect of oil extraction

1. Apparent MEn and oil digestibility of hulled sunflower seed (SFS) and the products derived from the oil extraction process: press extracted SFS (PESFS), sunflower seed meal (SFSM), and press and solvent oils (PO and SO) were determined with 198 cockerels. Recombined products (mix of meal and oil) were also evaluated to study the effect of the 2 consecutive oil extraction steps. Each foodstuff was included in a basal diet, according to the proportions resulting from processing, at 100, 200, and 300 g SFS/kg. 2. Dietary energy value and digestible fat content were linearly related to rate of inclusion of test ingredients. Extrapolation values for AMEn (MJ/kg DM) were: SFS, 16.20; PESFS, 9.46; SFSM, 7.62. A decreasing quadratic trend was also found in the AMEn of PESFS, with interpolation values ranging from 11.77 to 9.33 MJ/kg DM between 70 and 210 g/kg DM of inclusion. No differences were observed between PO and SO. The AMEn of of sunflower oil, calculated from its digestibility, was 33.70 MJ/kg DM. 3. The oil extraction process affected the nutritional value of sunflower products. Recombined materials showed greater values than original foodstuffs: R-SFS, 17.47; R-PESFS, 11.49 MJ/kg DM. The increase in oil digestibility (from 0.814 to 0.862 g/kg DM in SFS; from 0.778 to 0.892 in PESFS) accounted for most of the increase observed in AMEn values. 4. As the form in which oil is incorporated in diets (released or within SFS or PESFS) affects the utilisation of sunflower products, their nutritional value is less than maximal and should not be calculated from their ingredients. Solvent oil seems to be the less available fraction of sunflower oil within SFS as the effect of the 2nd extraction proved to be greater than that of the previous press extraction.     

体外法评价张杂谷秸秆、全株青贮张杂谷和燕麦草的营养价值

试验旨在通过体外产气法评价张杂谷秸秆、全株青贮张杂谷和燕麦草的营养价值。采用单因素试验设计,将1 g张杂谷秸秆、全株青贮张杂谷和燕麦草分别进行体外发酵,每组设4个重复,测定和分析三种粗饲料对体外产气量、挥发性脂肪酸、营养物质降解率、pH值、微生物蛋白、氨态氮的影响。结果表明,张杂谷秸秆、全株青贮张杂谷4、8、16、24、36、48、72 h的产气量及理论最大产气量(B)均极显著小于燕麦草的(P<0.01),全株青贮张杂谷8、16、24、36、72 h的产气量极显著大于张杂谷秸秆(P<0.01);产气速率(c)和延搁时间(Lag)张杂谷秸秆和燕麦草的差异均不显著(P>0.05),极显著低于全株青贮张杂谷(P<0.01)。体外发酵72 h后,乙酸、丁酸、总挥发性脂肪酸浓度均是张杂谷秸秆产生的极显著低于全株青贮张杂谷、燕麦草的(P<0.01);丙酸、乙酸/丙酸浓度张杂谷秸秆极显著低于全株青贮张杂谷(P<0.01),全株青贮张杂谷极显著低于燕麦草(P<0.01)。干物质、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维降解率均表现出张杂谷秸秆极显著低于全株青贮张杂谷(P<0.01),全株青贮张杂谷极显著低于燕麦草(P<0.01);pH值变化为张杂谷秸秆、全株青贮张杂谷极显著高于燕麦草(P<0.01);微生物蛋白质产量三者差异均不显著(P>0.05),NH3-N浓度为张杂谷秸秆显著低于全株青贮张杂谷(P<0.05),两者与燕麦草差异不显著(P>0.05)。因此,该试验条件下,张杂谷秸秆、全株青贮张杂谷体外发酵在产气量、营养物质降解率方面相对次于燕麦草,全株青贮张杂谷相对优于张杂谷秸秆,具体原因及实际饲喂应用效果有待研究。     

Nutritional evaluation and productivity of supplemented sheep grazing in semiarid rangeland of northeastern Brazil

Tropical Animal Health and Production - Sheep production systems in Brazilian caatinga rangelands require supplementation adapted to changes in floristic and chemical composition as dry seasons...     

Nutritional evaluation of the legume Macrotyloma axillare using in vitro and in vivo bioassays in sheep

This study consisted of two experiments with the following objectives: to evaluate the effects of tannins from the tropical legume macrotiloma (Macrotyloma axillare) on total gas and methane (CH₄) production, as well as on ruminal fermentation parameters by performing an in vitro bioassay, with samples incubated with and without polyethylene glycol (PEG) in a semi‐automatic system; and secondly in a 17 day in vivo experiment, to determine apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dietary nutrients and ruminal fermentation parameters of 12 intact 8‐ to 9‐month‐old Santa Inês (averaging 24.95 ± 1.8 kg body weight) ewes fed tropical grass hay supplemented with macrotiloma hay. The ewes were divided into two treatment groups depending on their diet: chopped aruana grass hay (Panicum maximum cv. Aruana) (control—CON); and aruana grass hay supplemented with chopped macrotiloma hay (macrotiloma—MAC). The animals were kept for 5 consecutive days in metabolic cages for the ATTD assay, and at the end of this period, samples of rumen fluid were collected from each ewe to determine ammoniacal nitrogen (NH₃‐N) and short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and protozoa count. For the in vitro assay, a decrease in total gas and CH₄ production was observed for samples incubated without PEG (p < .05). No differences were observed for the other parameters evaluated (p > .05). In the in vivo experiment, increased intake and ATTD of crude protein were observed for the animals fed MAC when compared to CON (p < .05). For rumen fermentation parameters, increased NH₃‐N, total SCFA and isobutyrate concentrations, as well as reduced protozoa count were observed for MAC when compared to CON (p < .05). The results observed here indicated the potential of macrotiloma for use as a ruminant feed, and antimethanogenic potential of this plant was noted.     

Salmonellosis in sheep wintered outdoors on straw and sawdust pads

Extract

The wintering of sheep on outdoor straw or sawdust pads is a recent innovation which is being used increasingly on farms in Otago and Southland where the winter spelling of pasture under conditions of high stocking rates and wet soils is required. Where stock are confined on such pads for prolonged periods, the control and recognition of infectious diseases becomes of utmost importance. One such disease is salmonellosis and this paper records features of an outbreak of this disease which occurred in sheep being wintered on straw and sawdust pads in Otago. In addition, a survey was undertaken to determine the extent of salmonella infection amongst fomites and wild animals in the vicinity of the pens in which the salmonellosis occurred.