甘肃黑猪

甘肃黑猪产于甘肃，分布在甘肃的平凉、庆阳、天水、陇南以及甘南的部分地方，在陕西也有少量分布。生态环境属于甘肃境内的黄土高原区，气候类型以干旱和半干旱为主要特征。海拔高度1680～2700米，年光照充足，降雨量少，水源以地下水为主，水源丰富，水质好。产区盛产玉米、小麦、油菜及一些豆类，饲料资源充足。     

甘肃省主要优良牧草种质资源野外调查

对甘肃省境内主要类型草场的主要野生牧草种质资源分布和现状进行了调查。调查范围涉及河西走廊、祁连山区、甘南高原、黄土高原和陇南西秦岭山区等不同地貌类型的温带阔叶林、温带针叶林、温带典型草原、温带草甸草原、高寒草甸、高寒灌丛、盐化草甸、沼泽化草甸、温带灌丛、温带荒漠等植被型。对不同植被的38个样点植物群落的主要成分进行了记载分析,了解了以豆科、禾本科为主的各植物种的分布现状。在调查的过程中共涉及植物157种,分属14科50属,其中草甸种有90余种,草原种有50余种,荒漠种有10余种;禾本科植物59种,豆科植物19种。调查采集了以豆科和禾本科为主的55个可作为牧草利用的植物种的96份种质材料,并采集了106份植物标本。作为种质材料,保存了可作为牧草利用的植物种子146份1 050 g。     

甘肃省早熟禾属植物资源及其分布初探

通过搜集整理文献和鉴定分析标本,对甘肃省早熟禾属植物资源及其分布进行了初步研究,研究结果显示：①在不同的地方植物志中,硬质早熟禾、胎生早熟禾、罗氏早熟禾和绿早熟禾存在同物异名现象;通过参考《中国植物志》,对以上植物的名称作了订正;②甘肃有早熟禾属植物共35种2变种,按照刘亮的分类系统将这些植物分为9个组。分别为微药组、早熟禾组、大禾组、林地组、低山组、类早熟禾组、砾地组、泽地组和中亚组;针对以上植物编写了分组分种检索表;③在甘肃省早熟禾属植物中,早熟禾、细叶早熟禾、草地早熟禾、硬质早熟禾分布最广,在全省各地区都有分布;从各个地区看,甘南州、陇南植物种类最多,其次是临夏、天水、张掖（祁连山）、武威和兰州,河西、白银及陇东种数贫乏。     

用创新助推甘肃蜂业发展

甘肃位于祖国西部,介于北纬32°11′～42°57′,东经92°13′～108°46′,面积45.44平方公里。地貌复杂多样,山地、高原、平川、河谷、沙漠、戈壁交错分布,地形呈狭长状,东西长1655公里,南北宽530公里,大致可分为陇南山地、陇中黄土高原、甘南高原、河西走廊、祁连山地和河西走廊以北地带等各具特色的六大地形区域,复杂的地形地貌特征形成了种类丰富的蜜粉源植物,同时也造就了甘肃省发展养蜂业得天独厚的自然条件     

甘肃早熟禾属野生植物资源分布研究

通过野外调查、鉴定分析标本和查阅相关文献,对甘肃省早熟禾属野生植物资源及其分布进行了初步研究,结果表明:甘肃省有早熟禾属植物35种2变种,分属于微药组、早熟禾组、大禾组、林地组、低山组、类早熟禾组、砾地组、泽地组和中亚组9个组,其中低山组种类最多,微药组和早熟禾组次之。从亚区分布看,青藏高原植物亚区种的数量居首(9组30种),占总种数的81%;其次是中国-喜马拉雅森林植物亚区(8组28种),亚洲荒漠植物亚区和中国-日本森林植物亚区在组数和种数上相对较少。从分布地区看,甘南和张掖(祁连山)等寒冷高海拔地区种类最多(33种),占全省的89%,其次是酒泉(阿尔金山)、临夏、陇南、天水和武威,兰州、定西及白银种数贫乏。分析认为,甘南和张掖祁连山地区是甘肃早熟禾属植物的多度中心。     

甘肃省羊泰勒虫病的调查及分布特征研究

利用病原检查、蜱感染试验和除脾激发试验相结合的方法，在甘肃省１３个地区（州、市）４５个县对２１６８只绵羊和山羊的泰勒虫病进行了调查。结果表明，甘肃省酒泉、张掖、金昌、兰州、定西、天水、陇南、临夏、甘南、庆阳和平凉１２个地区３５个县均有羊泰勒虫病的分布，其传播媒介为青海血蜱，它主要孽生于阴湿灌丛草原，具有代表性的陇南和天水两地区羊泰勒虫的感染率高达４７．０％￣８６．６％。     

甘肃药用蒿属植物区系地理研究

根据对蒿属植物野外调查及标本的收集、整理和系统鉴定,甘肃蒿属植物共有73种、5变种,隶属于2亚属,在甘肃省内有陇南地区和河西走廊地区2个分布丰富区。分析表明,蒿属植物可分为7个分布型和4个变型,其中以中国分布最多（占25.6%）,除世界分布和中国特有外,均为温带性地理成分,说明本区系的主要特征为典型的温带性质。根据植物区系分区的原则和方法,将甘肃蒿属植物区系划分为走廊小区、祁连山小区、中部小区、甘南小区和陇南小区,其中走廊小区和陇南小区不仅是本区藜科植物主要分布区,也是甘肃省重要的农业区和畜牧业基地。笔者等对各小区的区系特征进行了论述,并提出相应的生产实践建议,以期为甘肃省防风固沙、植被恢复和草场建设等提供理论依据。     

谈甘肃中蜂养殖现状及发展思路

1甘肃中蜂养殖业现状 甘肃中蜂主要分布在乌鞘岭以东的陇南亚热带、暖温带湿润半湿润区,陇中温带半干旱区,陇东黄土高原温带半干旱区。由于蜜源植物丰富,再加上交通不方便,形成了地理隔离的特殊生态环境和适宜的自然条件,致使中蜂能长期保存下来,并很好地栖息和繁衍。据统计,群众饲养的巾蜂18万群左右,其中陇南山区蕴藏量最大,占全省中蜂总量的70％。甘肃中蜂个体大、吻长、     

党参花期的蜂群管理

甘肃省为党参主要产区之一,不仅品种较多,除野台党参外尚有绿花党参、柴党参、秦岭党参等同属品种,而且质量高。特别是陇南一带所产的“蛤蟆党”,以其条粗质优,药效显著而闻名于世。党参属桔梗科多年生蔓性草本植物,历来为野生药材,性味甘、平,有补中益气之功效。建国以后,陆续引作家种。近年来,由于武威、兰州、临夏、甘南、定西、天水、庆阳等地市广为栽培,种植面积增大,使甘肃的党参蜜源在养蜂上得到开发利用,并成为较高产稳产的蜜源植物。因为党参蜜源蜜粉充足,流蜜量涌,蜂蜜质地粘稠,不易结晶,所以蜂群的管     

甘肃省高寒阴湿区规模养猪场疫病防控技术要点

<正>高寒阴湿区,高寒即海拔高或纬度高而寒冷的地区;阴湿即阴冷潮湿,是内陆高纬度地区由特殊地形导致的。甘肃省高寒阴湿区主要分布在黄土高原和青藏高原过渡地带的甘南、临夏、定西、陇南等市（州）,海拔在1 800～3 100 m,年均气温在2～6℃且昼夜温差大,     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.