新民猪和皮民猪ESR基因的多态性检测分析

为了研究新民猪和皮民猪雌激素受体(ESR)基因的多态性,试验采用PCR-RFLP方法,对黑龙江省农业科学院畜牧研究所收集整理的27头新民猪和50头皮民猪F1代的ESR基因进行检测,并与其他已报道的猪种进行比较。结果表明:新民猪ESR基因的A等位基因频率为0.593,B等位基因频率为0.407;皮民猪ESR基因的A等位基因频率为0.720,B等位基因频率为0.280。新民猪与皮民猪的等位基因频率与引进猪种相似,即A等位基因频率略高于B等位基因频率;然而我国大部分地方猪种的B等位基因频率高于A等位基因频率,其中B为优势等位基因。     

MC4R基因在5个猪群体内的多态性分析

试验检测猪黑素皮质激素受体4基因（melanocortin-4 receptor, MC4R）在杜洛克猪、长白猪、大白猪、申农猪和梅山猪群体内的基因型频率、等位基因频率以及群体遗传学指标。结果表明：MC4R基因在杜洛克猪、长白猪、大白猪和申农猪群体内检测出AA基因型、GG基因型和AG基因型,在梅山猪群体内检测出GG基因型和AG基因型。在杜洛克猪和大白猪群体内AG基因型为优势基因型,A等位基因频率为优势等位基因;在长白猪、申农猪和梅山猪群体内GG基因型为优势基因型,G等位基因频率为优势等位基因。群体遗传学指标分析结果显示,MC4R基因在杜洛克猪和大白猪群体内PIC值在0.25～0.5之间,表现为中度多态;在长白猪、申农猪和梅山猪PIC值小于0.25,表现低度多态。     

藏猪黑素皮质激素受体-4基因TaqI多态性分析

藏猪是我国青藏高原特有的小型原始地方猪种,文中采用PCR-RFLP技术分析了藏猪黑素皮质激素受体-4(MC4R)基因TaqI酶切位点多态性。结果表明:藏猪MC4R基因TaqI酶切位点优势基因型为11,基因型频率达93.56%,与国内梅山猪、二花脸猪、民猪和金华猪等较接近,与汉普夏、大白、杜洛克等外种猪差别较大。     

淳安花猪5个功能基因的多态性研究

为深入挖掘淳安花猪优良种质特性,本研究运用PCR-RFLP方法,对淳安花猪的雌激素受体(ESR)基因、促卵泡激素β亚基(FSHβ)基因、生长激素受体(GH)基因、黑素皮质激素受体4(MC4R)基因、兰尼定受体(RYR1)基因进行分子遗传学检测。结果表明:淳安花猪MC4R、RYR1基因分别只有1种基因型AA、BB;ESR、GH基因各有2种基因型AB和BB。     

瘦肉型黑猪育种群MC1R、KIT基因多态性研究

研究旨在探索以毛色基因MC1R、KIT等位基因基因型分析应用于瘦肉型黑猪毛色选育工作的可行性。实验群体包括从瘦肉型黑猪育种群中随机选择的长白猪、大白猪、杜洛克猪各108头,北京黑猪24头。另外选择杜洛克×民猪F1代15头作为对照。选择MC1R外显子区,KIT基因外显子3、18、19、21为候选目的片段。测序确认SNP位点后,进行PCR-RFLP并统计等位基因频率。结果表明:MC1R基因外显子区-51G/A(北京黑猪上携带)、-372G/A(长白猪,大白猪上携带)、-589,729T-G/C-A(杜洛克猪上携带)频率均为1,而KIT基因外显子19-156T/C(北京黑猪上携带)突变频率为0.938。结果提示,MC1R、KIT基因上的SNP位点结合PCR-RFLP方法可以应用于瘦肉型黑猪毛色选育工作。     

新民猪和皮民猪CAST基因的多态性检测分析

为了研究新民猪和皮民猪钙蛋白酶抑制蛋白(CAST)基因的多态性,试验采用PCR-RFLP法对27头新民猪和50头皮民猪F1代CAST基因的2个突变位点进行检测,并与已报道的猪种进行比较。结果表明:新民猪Arg249Lys突变位点的A等位基因频率为66.67%,B等位基因频率为33.33%;Ser638Arg突变位点的A等位基因频率为18.00%,B等位基因频率为82.00%。皮民猪Arg249Lys突变位点的A等位基因频率为94.00%,B等位基因频率为6.00%;Ser638Arg突变位点的A等位基因频率为28.00%,B等位基因频率为72.00%。与其他猪种相比,新民猪和皮民猪的Arg249Lys突变位点的A等位基因频率偏高,Ser638Arg突变位点的A等位基因频率偏低,从而引起有利单倍型249Lys-638Arg频率较低。     

七个贵州地方猪种RYR1基因突变的分布

兰尼定受体1(Ryanodine Receptor1,RYR1)基因中的单个氨基酸(R615C)是导致猪应激综合征、影响肉质的重要原因。采用RFLP方法,以大白猪、二个杂交猪群(杜洛克×长白猪×大白猪和长白猪×大白猪)为对照,研究了糯谷猪、萝卜猪、柯乐猪、宗地花猪、香猪、关岭猪和黔南黑猪7个贵州地方猪种RYR1基因突变的分布类型。结果表明,从柯乐猪中检测到一例杂合基因型RYR1Nn,杂合基因型的发生频率为2.08%,其余6个贵州地方猪种糯谷猪、萝卜猪、宗地花猪、香猪、关岭猪和黔南黑猪均为正常的基因型RYR1NN,对照组中,外三元、外二元杂交猪和大白猪中均检测到RYR1Nn基因型,杂合基因型的发生频率分别为11.11%、12.12%和5.77%,说明贵州地方猪种中RYR1基因的突变频率低于商品猪,但也存在一定的比例,应加强对地方猪种的利用和保护。     

蒙古马黑素细胞激素受体1(MC1R)基因多态性与毛色表型相关性研究

为了探讨蒙古马的毛色与黑素细胞激素受体1(MC1R)基因的相关性,试验采用PCR-RFLP技术对蒙古马5个类群及三河马和纯血马的MC1R基因进行了多态性检测,并对多态位点与毛色性状之间的相关性进行分析.结果表明:蒙古马MC1R基因在901 bp处发生碱基错义突变(C→T),该突变导致出现EE、Ee及ee 3种基因型.群...     

乌骨绵羊MC1R基因多态性研究

酪氨酸酶(TYR)、酪氨酸酶相关蛋白1(TYRP1)和酪氨酸酶相关蛋白2(TYRP2)是动物黑色素生物合成过程的重要酶,黑素皮质素1受体(MC1R)一旦与配体α-促黑素细胞激素(α-MSH)结合,对TYR、TYRP1和TYRP2酶活性的表达水平均有重要影响,因此认为MC1R是黑素合成模式的控制点。本研究以MC1R基因为候选基因,对乌骨绵羊MC1R基因多态性进行了研究,希望揭示MC1R基因与乌骨绵羊乌质性状之间的关系。结果表明,乌骨绵羊MC1R基因存在2个多态位点,分别为A12G和G144C。翻译表明这2处突变都为同义突变,对应的氨基酸分别是丝氨酸(Ser)和亮氨酸(Leu)。PCR-RFLP分析发现绵羊MC1R存在2个等位基因,即MC1R*1和MC1R*2,对应11型、22型和12型3种基因型。乌骨绵羊和兰坪本地绵羊MC1R等位基因的频率差异不显著,而与罗姆尼羊差异显著,推测MC1R基因可能不是控制乌骨绵羊乌质性状的主效基因。     

中国羊驼种群MC1R基因的PCR-SSCP分析

探究黑素皮质素受体1(melanocortin 1-receptor,MC1R)基因型与羊驼毛色形成之间的关系,研究采用PCR-SSCP结合DNA测序方法,对60头羊驼个体(51头白色被毛,9头有色被毛)的MC1R基因的多态性进行检测,并分析了MC1R基因位点突变与羊驼不同毛色之间的相关性.结果表明,羊驼MC1R基因存在SSCP多态性,初步判定为AB和AA两种基因型,其中A基因的基因频率为55.0%,B基因的基因频率为45.0%,AB型的基因型频率为90.0%,AA型的基因型频率为10.0%,6个AA基因型均在有色被毛羊驼个体中检出;测序检测显示,AA型羊驼MC1R基因的第801号碱基发生突变,该碱基突变导致编码的氨基酸由异亮氨酸(I)突变为缬氨酸(V).     

江口萝卜猪和梅山猪的猪应急综合征主效基因RYR1的PCR-RFLP检测

猪兰尼定受体1(Ryanodine Receptor1,RYR1)基因是导致猪应激综合征、影响猪肉质的主效基因.试验采用RFLP方法,以大白猪、2个杂交猪群(杜洛克×长白猪×大白猪和长白猪×大白猪)为对照,检测了江口萝卜猪与引入的梅山猪群RYR1基因的分布类型.结果表明,对照组中,外三元、外二元杂交猪和大白猪中均检测到...     

Genetic variation at the alpha‐1‐fucosyltransferase (FUT1) gene in Asian wild boar and Chinese and Western commercial pig breeds

Escherichia coli F18 bacteria producing enterotoxins and/or shigatoxin (ETEC/STEC) are main pathogens that cause oedema disease and postweaning diarrhoea in piglets, and alpha‐1‐fucosyltransferase (FUT1) gene has been identified as a candidate gene for controlling the expression of ETEC F18 receptor. The genetic variations at nucleotide position 307 in open reading frame of FUT1 gene in one wild boar breed and 20 western commercial and Chinese native pig breeds were investigated by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism. The results showed that the genetic polymorphisms of the FUT1 locus were only detected in western pig breeds and the Chinese Taihu (including Meishan pig, Fengjing pig and Erhualian pig), Huai and Lingao pig breeds; only Duroc and Pietrain possessed the resistant AA genotype, while the wild boar and other Chinese pig breeds only presented the susceptible genotype GG. The results indicated that Chinese native pig breeds lack genetic factors providing resistance to ETEC F18 bacteria. The resistant allele to ETEC F18 might originate from European wild boar. It was inferred that oedema and postweaning diarrhoea caused by ETEC F18 have close relationship with the growth rate, which can explain why on the contrary Chinese native pig breeds have stronger resistance to oedema and postweaning diarrhoea in piglets compared with western pig breeds.     

Characterization of MC1R and KIT Genotypes in Luchuan Pig Population

In order to assess the purity of Luchuan pig populations, four South Chinese local pig breeds including Putian Black pig, Yuedong Black pig, Dahuabai pig, Bama miniature pig and three foreign pig breeds including Duroc pig, Yorkshire pig and Landrace pig were studied as controls by sequencing of PCR products, MC1R and KIT genotypes in 56 Luchuan pigs were analyzed in this study. Sequencing results indicated that a splicing mutation (G>A) was presented in the first base in intron 17 of KIT gene in both Yorkshire pig and Landrace pig, in contrast, the wildtype GG of KIT gene was presented in Luchuan pig, four south Chinese local pig breeds and Duroc pig.Compared with Hainan wild boar, South Chinese local pig breeds had two missense mutations 95Val > Met and 102Leu > Pro in the coding region of MC1R gene;Compared with Yorkshire pig, Landrace pig and Duroc pig, South Chinese local pig breeds had 5 to 6 SNPs in MC1R gene 5'UTR, and in addtion, an A base deletion in MC1R gene 3'UTR. Furthermore, we found one litter of Luchuan pig with abnormal coat color.The results showed that the presentation of two distinct MC1R genotypes E^D1 and E^p in both litters and the sow,but only E^D1 in the boar. Considering E^p was derived from Pietrain pig, we preliminarily considered that the genome of the sow might be infiltrated with foreign pig breeds. In summary, we detected the genotypes of the coat color genes KIT and MC1R in eight pig breeds, confirmed the molecular differences of coat color between Chinese local pig breeds and foreign pig breeds, which could be useful for the further investigation of the molecular mechanism of pig coat color.     

陆川猪MC1R和KIT基因型鉴定

为了检测陆川猪种群的纯度,本研究以4个华南地方猪种（莆田黑猪、粤东黑猪、大花白猪、巴马香猪）和3个外来猪种（杜洛克猪、大白猪、长白猪）作为对照,利用PCR测序法对陆川猪群体56个样本的MC1R和KIT基因进行基因型鉴定。测序结果表明,大白猪和长白猪KIT基因内含子17的第1个碱基发生G>A剪接突变,而陆川猪和4个华南地方猪种,以及杜洛克猪中KIT基因型一样,均为野生型的GG基因型;MC1R基因编码区分析表明,以海南野猪MC1R基因型作为参考序列,陆川猪和4个华南地方猪种在MC1R基因编码区存在95Val > Met和102Leu > Pro两个错义突变;MC1R基因非编码区分析表明,与大白猪、长白猪和杜洛克猪相比,陆川猪和4个华南地方猪种MC1R基因的5'UTR分别存在5~6个SNPs,3'UTR存在1个A碱基的缺失。另外,试验对一窝毛色异常的陆川猪仔猪及其亲本的KIT和MC1R基因进行测序分析,结果表明,仔猪及其亲本的KIT基因型均为GG野生型,仔猪和母本的MC1R基因均存在E^D1和E^p两种不同的基因型,父本的MC1R基因型为E^D1,因E^p对应于皮特兰猪的斑块表型,所以初步判定母本渗入了外来猪种的血统。本研究通过检测陆川猪等8个猪种的毛色相关基因KIT和MC1R基因的基因型,证实了中外猪种间在毛色遗传上的分子差异,为今后深入研究猪毛色遗传的分子调控机理提供参考。     

Haplotype diversity in MC1R locus between the Min and white-haired pig breeds

In this article, we investigated the genetic variations in the coding region of porcine melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R) gene in three pig breeds (Min, Yorkshire and Landrace) with black and white coat colors. Six polymorphic sites were found to be significantly associated with coat color. Two blocks were identified in the linkage disequilibrium map, the haplotypes in the first block are nt67/68indelCC and nt67/68indel--, and the haplotypes in the second block are ACCGA and GTTAG. The median-joining network diagram of MC1R haplotypes showed most Min pigs and other Asia domestic breeds own similar haplotypes to ACCGA, while the haplotypes of Europe pig breeds are similar to GTTAG. The phylogenetic analysis of the MC1R CDS further showed Min pigs are close to Laiwu pigs (Shandong, China), which indicated that the black coat color trait of Min pig might be originated and evolved from the black pig breed in Shandong Peninsula of China.     

猪PLSCR4基因外显子区PCR-RFLP遗传多态性分析

本研究利用PCR-RFLP技术对我国6个地方猪种、中国野猪以及杜洛克、约克夏和长白3个国外猪品种,共307头猪的磷脂爬行酶基因(PLSCRs)外显子区的遗传变异进行了研究。结果表明:PLSCR4第7外显子处存在T68C的同义突变,第8外显子处存在G4A的错义突变;在T68C突变位点处,杜洛克、约克夏、长白猪、二花脸、五指山和民猪6个猪群优势等位基因为T,荣昌和野猪群体中优势等位基因为C;在G4A突变位点处,杜洛克、约克夏、长白猪、二花脸、五指山和民猪群体中优势等位基因为G,藏猪、荣昌、金华及野猪群体中优势等位基因A。     

不同品种猪抑肌素基因启动区的RFLP分析

瘦肉率是猪育种中重要的目标性状之一 ,其大小与骨骼肌的量密切相关。猪抑肌素基因是与瘦肉率有关的基因之一 ,本研究以大白、长白、杜洛克、民猪、三江白猪和军牧Ⅰ号为研究对象 ,采用限制性酶切片段生长度多态性 (RFLP)分子标记法对抑肌素基因的启动区进行了酶切多态性分析。结果表明 :大白、长白、杜洛克以等位基因T为主 :三江白猪和军牧Ⅰ号全部是TT型 ;民猪 3种基因型均有且频率近乎相等