神经生长因子(NGF)在母牛性腺及性腺外生殖器官中的表达研究

本研究旨在探讨神经生长因子(nerve growth factor,NGF)在母牛卵泡期及黄体期子宫、卵巢、输卵管3种组织中的表达情况。采用FQ-PCR方法和Western blotting技术对成年母牛卵泡期及黄体期的子宫、卵巢、输卵管中的NGF mRNA和蛋白质表达进行了检测。结果表明,NGF mRNA和蛋白质在卵泡期和黄体期的子宫、卵巢、输卵管中均有表达,且卵泡期子宫中NGF mRNA表达量显著高于卵泡期卵巢和黄体期输卵管中NGF mRNA表达量(P0.05),其它组织间无显著差异。     

采用SP法检测商品蛋鸡感染J亚群禽白血病病毒对产蛋性能的影响

本研究属世界上首次报道J亚群禽白血病病毒感染对蛋鸡产蛋性能的影响。尸体剖检观察到产蛋鸡的生殖系统发育不良，表现为卵巢、输卵管幼稚型，输卵管粗细不均。组织病理学观察，发现卵巢组织中有大量的胞浆内充满球形嗜酸性颗粒的骨髓瘤细胞。用特异性抗J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV—J)囊膜糖蛋白gp85的单克隆抗体检测不产蛋鸡的卵巢、输卵管等待检的组织切片，均检出病毒阳性抗原。结果表明ALV—J的感染造成产蛋鸡卵巢、输卵管发育不良，是蛋鸡不产蛋的直接原因。     

AN OUTBREAK OF DISEASE IN PIGEONS ASSOCIATED WITH A HERPESVIRUS

An outbreak of disease in young pigeons associated with a herpesvirus is reported. The clinical history, macroscopic and microscopic appearance of lesions and virus isolation are described. Most affected birds showed lesions in the upper alimentary tract epithelium as well as in skin, nasal mucosa and salivary glands. Lesions in liver, spleen and pancreas were uncommon. A herpesvirus capable of producing CPE on tissue culture and lesions on chorioallantoic membrane of developing chicken embryos was isolated and described. Inoculation of experimental pigeons with the virus failed to reproduce the disease.     

民猪生殖器官PRLR基因表达发育变化

试验以民猪为试验材料,长白猪为对照组,分别在1、2.5、4、6、8月龄时进行卵巢、输卵管和子宫取样,对促乳素受体（PRLR）基因表达的发育性变化规律进行研究。结果表明,生殖器官中PRLR的表达量与生殖器官的解剖指标存在正相关。PRLR在1、2.5、4、6和8月龄的民猪和长白猪的卵巢、输卵管和子宫中均有表达。民猪和长白猪卵巢PRLR mRNA表达水平从1月龄至8月龄呈现逐渐上升趋势,在8月龄达到最高水平,民猪卵巢PRLRmRNA表达水平显著高于长白猪（P〈0.05）。民猪和长白猪输卵管PRLR mRNA表达量随月龄增加呈上升趋势,在8月龄达到最高水平,品种间差异不显著。民猪子宫PRLR mRNA表达量随月龄增加而升高,在6月龄达到最高水平,8月龄显著下降（P〈0.05）,长白猪子宫PRLR mRNA表达量随月龄增加而升高,在8月龄达到最高水平,品种间在6月龄差异显著（P〈0.05）。     

Survey of the pathologic findings in a large production colony of pigeons, with special reference to pseudomembranous stomatitis and nephritis

Pathologic evaluations of pigeons dying between September 1984 and August 1985 are reported for a production colony of 1200-1800 White Carneau and Show Racer pigeons ranging in age from hatchlings to 12 years. Infectious diseases were the common causes of death in pigeons younger than 1 year; salmonellosis and nephritis were the common causes in pigeons 1-3 years old; and neoplasia and reproductive organ disorders were the common causes in pigeons older than 3 years. Monthly mortality was 2-4% in pigeons fed a cholesterol-containing diet and 0.9% in those fed noncholesterol-containing pellet diets. The increased deaths in the cholesterol-fed birds were attributed primarily to end-stage renal disease and atherosclerosis with secondary complications. The most frequently observed clinical entity in pigeons younger than 6 months was pseudomembrane formation on the oral and pharyngeal mucosa, termed pseudomembranous stomatitis. The definitive etiologic factor was not determined. Although all affected pigeons had similar gross lesions, the cases fell into one of three subsets, suggestive of bacterial, fungal, or viral etiologies. Chronic nephritis occurring as end-stage renal disease was more severe in pigeons fed a cholesterol-containing diet.     

青年母猪不同生殖器官神经营养因子-4/5的表达研究

本研究旨在探讨神经营养因子-4/5(neuroteophin-4/5, NT-4/5)在青年母猪卵泡期与黄体期卵巢、输卵管及子宫3种生殖器官中表达情况。采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法与Western blotting技术对青年母猪卵泡期与黄体期卵巢、输卵管及子宫中的NT-4/5 mRNA与蛋白质表达进行检测。结果表明,NT-4/5 mRNA与蛋白质在卵泡期与黄体期卵巢、输卵管及子宫中均有表达,且卵泡期卵巢、子宫NT-4/5 mRNA表达水平均显著高于黄体期(P＜0.05),而卵泡期输卵管NT-4/5 mRNA表达水平显著低于黄体期(P＜0.05)。试验结果为进一步研究NT-4/5参与青年母猪生殖道生理功能的调节奠定基础。     

Concentrations of energy substrates in oviduct fluid in unilaterally ovariectomised pigs

Nichol et al (1992, Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 96, 699–707) identified a pre- to post-ovulatory decrease (approx 1mM) in the amount of glucose in pig oviduct fluid. The present studies investigated whether the decrease was due to metabolism by embroyos and/or oviduct tissues, and also whether there was a local influence of the ovary on the oviduct fluid content of energy substrates. Unilaterally ovariectomised pigs were used, in which, through compensation, oviducts that contained twice the normal number of embryos could be compared with oviducts which contained no embryos. Following unilateral ovariectomy and after two oestrous cycles of normal duration, surgery was performed 88 hours after the beginning of standing heat to obtain oviduct fluid samples, just before embryonic entry into the uterus. Luminal fluid samples from the ampulla and ampullary-isthmic junction from oviducts with and without an adjacent ovary were assayed for glucose, pyruvate and lactate concentrations. No significant differences were found between the glucose, pyruvate and lactate concentrations in fluids from the ampulla or ampullaryisthmic junction from oviducts containing embryos compared with absence of embryos (P> 0·05). Therefore, the post-ovulatory decrease was not due to the presence of embryos or to a local effect of the ipsilateral ovary. Consequently, pig oviduct fluid concentrations of glucose, lactate and pyruvate are seemingly regulated by systemic mechanisms.     

Toxicity in utility pigeons caused by the coccidiostat dinitolmide

Utility pigeons on 3 farms were affected by a severe neurological disturbance manifested by fine tremors, rolling gait and incoordination. Affected birds had necrosis of the Purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex. The birds from the 3 farms had been fed a pelleted diet obtained from a single mix of feed prepared by a stockfeed manufacturer. When feed obtained from the farms was given to utility pigeons under controlled conditions at the laboratory, they suffered the same clinical signs and lesions as seen in birds from the farms. Cross-bred cockerels were not affected when given this feed from day-old to 6 weeks of age. Samples of the feed contained 185 to 226 ppm of the coccidiostat dinitolmide. Utility pigeons given a prepared diet containing a similar level (234 ppm) of dinitolmide developed an identical condition after 3 to 4 weeks feeding. Laying hens were not affected by this feed. Dimetridazole, which was also present in some of the original feed samples, did not exacerbate the condition when included in the diet at a rate of 233 ppm. Production of squabs from the affected farms was dramatically reduced, and many of the breeder had to be culled because of the long-standing neurological disease.     

Use of oocyte transfer in a commercial breeding program for mares with reproductive abnormalities

In some mares with lesions of the reproductive tract, embryo collection and survival rates are low, or collection of embryos is not feasible. For these mares, oocyte transfer has been proposed as a method to induce pregnancies. In this report, a method for oocyte transfer in mares and results of oocyte transfer performed over 2 breeding seasons, using mares with long histories of subfertility and various reproductive lesions, are described. Human chorionic gonadotropin or an implant containing a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog was used to initiate follicular and oocyte maturation. Oocytes were collected by means of transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration. Following follicular aspiration, cumulus oocyte complexes were evaluated for cumulus expansion and signs of atresia; immature oocytes were cultured in vitro to allow maturation. The recipient's ovary and uterine tube (oviduct) were exposed through a flank laparotomy with the horse standing, and the oocyte was slowly deposited within the oviduct. Oocyte transfer was attempted in 38 mares between 9 and 30 years old during 2 successive breeding seasons. All mares had a history of reproductive failure while in breeding and embryo transfer programs. Twenty pregnancies were induced. Fourteen of the pregnant mares delivered live foals. Results suggest that oocyte transfer can be a successful method for inducing pregnancy in subfertile mares in a commercial setting.     

A tubo-ovarian cyst, paraovarian cysts and lesions of the oviduct in the mare

A tubo-ovarian cyst caused unilateral obstruction of ovum transport in a young Thoroughbred mare. Its effect was a reduction in reproductive efficiency since ovulations from the affected ovary were unproductive. No occluded oviducts were found among 24 pairs of oviducts examined at post mortem. Occlusion of the oviducts in mares is apparently extremely rare. The most common types of cysts found in association with the ovaries in mares are small paraovarian cysts. They are usually found in the fimbriated portion of the oviduct and do not interfere with fertility.     

东北虎雌性生殖系统解剖

对 2例 1 999年 1 0月意外死亡的东北虎雌性生殖系统进行了解剖。雌性东北虎的卵巢被覆卵巢囊 ,随着年龄增长卵巢表面凸凹不平 ,呈脑的沟回状。输卵管位于卵巢游离缘外侧 ,呈半圆形围绕着卵巢 ,输卵管壶腹部弯曲、峡部直 ;子宫与输卵管分界明显 ;子宫角长度约相当于子宫体长度的 2倍 ;阴道呈背腹压扁的管状     

Fertility of mares after unilateral laparoscopic tubal ligation

OBJECTIVE: To develop a technique for laparoscopic tubal (oviductal) ligation and to evaluate pregnancy rates for mares that ovulated ipsilateral or contralateral to the ligated oviduct. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized prospective clinical trial comparing pregnancy rates after unilateral laparoscopic tubal ligation. ANIMALS: Twelve mares of light horse breeds. METHODS: One oviduct in each of 6 mares was surgically ligated with a laparoscopic technique; 6 other mares served as nonligated controls. Mares with unilateral tubal ligations (UTL) were inseminated with 500 million progressively motile sperm during 1 cycle when the dominant follicle was ipsilateral to the ligation site and 1 cycle when the dominant follicle was contralateral to the ligation site. Control mares were bred during 2 cycles regardless of the side of the dominant follicle. Pregnancy examinations were performed on days 12, 14, and 16 after ovulation by transrectal ultrasonography. RESULTS: None of the mares became pregnant when ovulations occurred from the ovary adjacent to the ligated oviduct. All 6 mares became pregnant on the first cycle when an ovulation occurred from the opposite ovary. Control mares became pregnant on 10 of 12 cycles (83.3 %). CONCLUSIONS: UTL was completely effective in preventing pregnancy when ovulation occurred ipsilateral to the ligation site. The surgical procedure did not interfere with the establishment of pregnancy when ovulation occurred from the contralateral ovary. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: UTL may be a clinically useful procedure for preparing a recipient mare for gamete intrafallopian transfer. The recipient mare could be allowed to ovulate and UTL would prevent fertilization of her oocyte but would not interfere with normal corpus luteum formation. The donor oocyte could be placed into the oviduct contralateral to the UTL site.     

Macroscopic anatomy of the reproductive tract of the reproductively quiescent female emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)

Three reproductively quiescent female emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) were embalmed with 10% formalin solution. The reproductive tract was dissected and described. The reproductive tract consists of an ovary and oviduct situated on the left side of the abdominal cavity. The left ovary is dark brown to black in colour with follicles covering the ventral surface. The ovary is located medial to the spleen and closely associated with the ventral surface of the cranial and middle lobes of the left kidney. The oviduct is a relatively straight tube that extends from the level of the cranial extent of the left ilium to the caudal border of the left pubic bone. The oviduct is grossly divided into the infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus and vagina using variations in the mucosal fold pattern.     

促性腺激素受体在雌性水牛生殖器官的表达定位研究

为研究促性腺激素受体(FSHR、LHR)在广西雌性水牛生殖器官中的分布情况,运用免疫组化SABC法对处于不同发情周期(卵泡期、黄体期)成年水牛的卵巢、子宫、输卵管中FSHR、LHR分别进行染色定位。结果表明,FSHR/LHR阳性细胞在卵巢主要见于卵巢内膜细胞及卵泡颗粒细胞;子宫主要见于子宫内膜上皮细胞和腺体细胞;输卵管主要见于柱状上皮纤毛细胞。其中,随着发情周期不同,FSHR、LHR的表达量也有所差异,卵巢中卵泡期FSHR、LHR的表达量均高于黄体期;子宫中FSHR的表达量卵泡期高于黄体期,LHR的表达量黄体期高于卵泡期;而输卵管并没有显著差异。     

小尾寒羊FSHβ和LHβ基因在生殖轴的表达研究

为揭示FSHβ和LHβ基因在小尾寒羊下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴(HPOA)中的表达规律,深入了解其对小尾寒羊多羔的作用,本研究采用实时荧光定量PCR技术对6只小尾寒羊(FecB++型单、多羔羊各3只)的生殖组织及脑组织中FSHβ和LHβ基因的表达差异进行分析。结果表明:FSHβ和LHβ基因在大脑、小脑、下丘脑、卵巢、子宫、输卵管和垂体7种组织中均有表达,FSHβ主要在小尾寒羊下丘脑和卵巢高表达,LHβ在垂体高表达;FSHβ基因在小尾寒羊多羔群体下丘脑、卵巢、子宫、输卵管、垂体的表达极显著高于单羔群体(P<0.01),LHβ基因在小尾寒羊多羔群体下丘脑、卵巢、子宫、输卵管、垂体、小脑、大脑表达量均极显著高于单羔群体(P<0.01)。研究结果提示,FSHβ和LHβ基因可能参与小尾寒羊多羔性状调控。     

Pathologic findings in the oviducts of mares

Oviducts from 325 mares were evaluated macroscopically, and oviducts from 124 mares were evaluated microscopically. Two hundred and eighty-five (87.69%) of the mares had at least 1 macroscopic lesion and 116 (93.54%) had at least 1 microscopic lesion. The most frequently seen macroscopic lesions were adhesions, paraovarian cysts, and thick fibrous bands. Microscopically, intraepithelial cysts, slight, focal lymphocytic infiltration in the infundibular-ampullary region, and proteinoid material in the oviductal lumen were the most common findings. In general, the proximal segments of the oviduct were more affected than were the distal segments. Forty-nine (90.74%) of the 54 pairs of oviducts collected from pregnant mares had at least 1 macroscopic or microscopic lesion.     

Morphological changes in the organs of ewes grazing oestrogenic subterranean clover

The morphological effects of phytooestrogen exposure were determined in 10 ewes exposed to subterranean clover for 60 days, compared with 10 controls. In a second experiment, the time course of the development of the changes was studied. Typically oestrogenic changes were observed in ovary, oviduct, uterus, cervix, vagina and mammary glands. There was an early increase in cervical mucus, followed by a decrease. The delta basophils of the pituitary became degranulated, and hyperactive in appearance. The adrenal and thyroid glands increased in weight, and thyroid epithelium increased in height. There appeared to be a temporary increase in neurophysin storage in the hypothalamus, and shrunken, hyperchromatic neurones were observed in the hypothalamus of some affected ewes. All changes were observed within three weeks of exposure.     

Outbreak of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium infection in one flock of domestic pigeons

An outbreak of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium infection was diagnosed in one breed of domestic pigeons (Columba livia f. domestica) in the Czech Republic. Nodular granulomatous lesions were found in 42 (9.7%) pigeons of the 435 examined; histopathologic examination of livers with gross lesions of mycobacteriosis from 15 randomly selected pigeons revealed granulomatous inflammation typical for avian mycobacteriosis in all samples. Direct Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) microscopy and conventional culture were performed for a total of 117 liver samples (42 pigeons with nodular lesions, 55 randomly selected pigeons without nodular lesions, and 20 randomly selected squabs). Acid-fast bacilli were observed in 19 (16.2%), and conventional culture yielded growth of M. a. avium in 40 (34.2%) liver samples. A triplex quantitative real-time PCR assay based on the IS901 detection system was performed successfully in 115 liver samples and revealed M. a. avium in 63 (54.8%) of them. Mycobacterium a. avium was also detected in two squabs. Eight domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus f. domestica) living in the breeding facility were also examined. Pyogranulomatous lesions were only found in one adult male rabbit. At necropsy, both direct ZN microscopy and culture gave negative results for mycobacteria in all examined rabbit tissues. Mycobacterium a. avium was diagnosed in a liver sample of one juvenile rabbit using triplex qPCR, suggesting that M. a. avium infection can occur as early as juvenile animals.     

药用林蛙繁殖器官解剖与组织学结构观察

通过对林蛙的解剖和林蛙性腺H -E染色切片的观察 ,系统阐述了林蛙卵巢、输卵管、子宫和睾丸的解剖结构和组织学结构     

The critical roles of progesterone receptor (PGR) in ovulation, oocyte developmental competence and oviductal transport in mammalian reproduction

Progesterone is critical for successful ovulation in the ovary and for the multi-faceted role of the oviduct in mammalian reproduction. Its effects are mediated by progesterone receptor (PGR), which is highly expressed in the ovary, specifically granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles in response to the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge that occurs just prior to ovulation, and in the oviduct, predominantly luminal epithelial cells but also muscle cells. This review will summarize research which shows that progesterone, via the actions of PGR, plays a key role in the functions of these cells and in the important periovulatory events of oocyte release, acquisition of oocyte developmental competence and oviductal transport of the newly formed embryo. PGR is a nuclear receptor that regulates the expression of many downstream target genes. However, although much is known about its expression characteristics in ovarian and oviductal cells, there is still much to unravel about the mechanisms by which PGR exerts its control over these important reproductive processes, particularly in the oviduct.