劲霸螨扑的蜂场试验

通过添加复合增效剂(JK1OO-WPF2)而制成的复合型氟胺氰菊酯条(商品名:劲霸)与市场上某杀螨产品进行试验比较,以验证其防治效果、药效期和对蜜蜂的安全性.结果表明,劲霸的总落螨率为92.1％,综合药效期20天以上,防治期内平均每群每天伤蜂8.9只,为适度伤蜂.使用劲霸,可以有效解决蜜蜂对杀螨产品的抗药性问题.     

杀螨药物对蜂产品的污染

我国科技工作者研制成新型杀螨剂--螨扑(原料为氟氨氰菊酯)以来,控制了螨病的危害.但是,由于螨扑使用多年,蜂螨对氟氨氰菊酯已产生了抗药性,此问题国内外均有许多蜂农反映,以前螨扑杀螨效果非常好,最近几年差多了.……     

红四方纸片螨扑的蜂场治螨效果试验报告

该研究通过一种新型安全杀螨剂——纸片螨扑与常用螨扑片(氟胺氰菊酯条)的杀螨效果实验比较,分析其应用性能。结果表明纸片螨扑的落螨率为97%,比常用螨扑片的杀螨率高36.6%,且在阴雨天或8~25℃气温下对蜜蜂安全。     

螨扑类菊酯并非熏蒸剂而是触杀剂

<正>时常在杂志上看到有些蜂友将螨扑类菊酯当作熏蒸剂,其实不然。螨扑类蜂药使用的氟胺氰菊酯、氟氯苯氰菊酯都是人工合成的拟除虫菊酯,具有触杀、胃毒作用,无内吸作用,更无熏蒸性能。目前,国内外生产的拟除虫菊酯有数十种,同样也都没有熏蒸性能。那么有人会问,螨扑类杀螨剂作用迅速,若无熏蒸性能,那是通过什么方式迅速传播全群的?众所周知,蜜蜂之间保持经常的饲料传递,其传递之迅速可根据英国生物科学家尼克松和里本斯(1952)的实验资料:"在有2.5万只蜜蜂组成的蜂群     

治螨新药--氟氯苯氰菊酯的性能和应用

由氟胺氰菊酯作为主要活性成分制成的蜂药是我国养蜂生产过程中普遍应用于防治蜜蜂螨病的药物,长期以来在防治蜂螨中发挥了很好的作用,但是随着时间的推移,蜂螨的抗药性增强,使得氟胺氰菊酯药效逐渐下降,蜂农不得不加大用量和使用频率,这样在增加控制蜂螨难度的同时,不仅会使蜂     

高效液相色谱法测定杀螨片中氟胺氰菊脂的含量

高效液相色谱法测定杀螨片中氟胺氰菊脂的含量王娅芳，周涤，苏明（北京市兽药监察所）杀螨片是利用木片做载体制成的一种新型高效杀蜂螨的药物，杀螨效果达９７－１００％。药效可持续一个月时间，对蜂安全，使用方便。其主要成分为氟胺氰菊脂，浓度为１０％。采用高效液...     

生物治螨取代药物治螨

美国环保局批准的唯一治螨药物是Ａｐｉｓｔａｎ，其主要成分是氟胺氰菊酯。在欧洲治螨药物有多种，如双甲脒，氟胺氰菊酯，蝇毒磷、蚁酸等等，于是养蜂人可有多种防治方法。但这都是药物治螨，使用不当就给蜂蜜、蜂蜡、蜂胶、巢框、巢箱留下残毒。因此，我们多年来不用药物，而用“生物”防治。研究表明蜂螨最喜欢雄蜂幼虫，因为雄蜂２４天的发育期最适合蜂螨的繁殖。如果没有足够的雄蜂幼虫或蜂螨严重感染时，蜂螨没有别的选择余地时，才寄生在工蜂幼虫上。王台不受蜂螨的侵害，因为蜂王只有１６天的发育期，不适合蜂螨繁殖。使用这一防治…     

气相色谱法同时检测蜂蜜中溴螨酯、蝇毒磷、氟胺氰菊酯和氟氯苯氰菊酯残留

本文建立了同时测定蜂蜜中溴螨酯、蝇毒磷、氟胺氰菊酯和氟氯苯氰菊酯等四种农药残留的分析方法.蜂蜜样品用水溶解后经正己烷-二氯甲烷提取,Oasis HLB固相萃取柱萃取净化,正己烷-二氯甲烷洗脱吹干后,用内标溶液定容,采用气相色谱电子捕获检测器进行测定.在0.004mg/kg～0.160mg/kg添加水平,四种农药的回收率在70%～110%之间,各农药的检出限在0.004mg/kg～0.008mg/kg之间.     

也议“螨扑”的杀螨原理

<正>很多蜂友都说"螨扑"是熏蒸剂,杂志上也经常出现"螨扑"具有熏蒸作用的词语,曾有蜂药厂技术人员在杂志上发表:"‘螨扑’类菊酯并非熏蒸剂而是触杀剂",今年出版的治病蜂书中我也看到了:"熏蒸剂(如"螨扑")……","因为熏蒸杀螨片具有挥发持续时间长,对陆续出房的蜂螨具有相继杀灭的功效,故防治效果较好。"[1]那么正确答案是什么呢?"知已知彼,百战不殆",我们只有把"螨扑"的杀螨原理搞清楚了,才能更好地治螨。     

在国际封锁中诞生——记汪氏蜂业的崛起(连载)

（接上期）四、破釜沉舟直航禁区早在１９９４年，当由进口的氟胺氰菊酯原药生产的资阳螨扑已被国内养蜂人视为“神药”的时候，我就已深深意识到这场同日本、欧美等国的激烈商战已在所难免。当时的情况是：一方面国内养蜂界急需这个“神药”来遏制当时已泛滥成灾的大小蜂螨的危害。记得当时在资阳蜂药厂办公室，每天都在七八人、甚至十余人坐在那里等着购买螨扑的蜂农和经销商，有的甚至通过资阳的党政领导出面来开后门。当时的“资阳螨扑”在市场上像股票一样，每包价格炒到４８元，而我们的厂价每包才６元（是我下了死命令不准涨价），同…     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein