长序榆扦插繁殖技术研究

长序榆扦插繁殖技术研究田野，冯慰冬，吴向东，王邦磊，徐榆林（河南省林科所）（卢氏县林技站）（南阳市林业局）（河南省林业勘察设计院）长序榆是我国的珍稀濒危树种，列为国家三级保护树种。现仅知浙江、福建、江西等地有零星大树，天然更新困难，幼树稀少。因其干性...     

长序榆繁殖特性的研究

长序榆繁殖特性的研究田野，董铁民，赖文胜，孔维鹤，吴向东，聂鹏武（河南省林业科学研究所，郑州４５０００２）（卢氏县林业局）长序榆（ＵｌｍｕｓｅｌｏｎｇａｔａＬ．Ｋ．ＦｕｅｔＣ．Ｓ．Ｄｉｎｇ）是我国的珍稀濒危树种，被我国列为国家三级保护植物。它是我国植...     

松阳县长序榆播种繁殖技术探讨

指出了长序榆(Ulmus elongata)是傅立国先生等于1979年发现的榆属新种。目前,现存的野生原种数量极其稀少,分布范围狭小,天然更新不良,濒临灭绝边缘。通过2年对长序榆种子的采集,成功繁育了长序榆2500株,扩大了野生植物的种群,使长序榆得以保护和发展。从长序榆果实的采集和离体培育,种子的采收、播种繁育、野外回归等方面探讨了长序榆的种子繁育技术,以供参考。     

珍稀濒危树种长序榆潜在适生区及其动态变化预测

基于MaxEnt模型,对珍稀濒危树种长序榆(Ulmus elongata)当前时期以及未来2040年SSPs126和SSPs585两种情境下的适生区进行了预测,并比较了两个时期的适生区变化.结果显示:1)AUC平均值为0.988,MaxEnt模型能很好地预测长序榆的潜在适生区;2)影响长序榆分布的环境因子主要为最冷季度降水量(55.5％)、最干季度降水量(18.5％)、海拔(16.5％)、温度季节变化(2.2％)、年平均温度(1.6％);3)长序榆当前时期主要分布在浙江省西南部以及江西、安徽、福建三省交界的区域;4)2040年,长序榆的适生区面积可能缩减,且高适生等级区域面积大幅降低.因此,加强对现有长序榆养护和管理的同时,建议在所预测的适生区内开展长序榆专项调查,并适当进行引种繁育试验.     

珍稀濒危树种长序榆潜在适生区及其动态变化预测

基于MaxEnt模型,对珍稀濒危树种长序榆(Ulmus elongata)当前时期以及未来2040年SSPs126和SSPs585两种情境下的适生区进行了预测,并比较了两个时期的适生区变化.结果显示:1)AUC平均值为0.988,MaxEnt模型能很好地预测长序榆的潜在适生区;2)影响长序榆分布的环境因子主要为最冷季度降水量(55.5％)、最干季度降水量(18.5％)、海拔(16.5％)、温度季节变化(2.2％)、年平均温度(1.6％);3)长序榆当前时期主要分布在浙江省西南部以及江西、安徽、福建三省交界的区域;4)2040年,长序榆的适生区面积可能缩减,且高适生等级区域面积大幅降低.因此,加强对现有长序榆养护和管理的同时,建议在所预测的适生区内开展长序榆专项调查,并适当进行引种繁育试验.     

长序榆福建种群的天然更新与繁殖

长序榆（Ulmuselongata）是80年代初由我国植物学家根据采自浙江省遂昌县的标本发表的新种，其分类位置隶属于榆科榆属总序榆组（Sect．Chaetoptalae），其中3种产于北美，而长序榆是该组在东亚的唯一代表，为我国特有。这一树种的发现对研究北美和东亚植物地理学具有重要意义。长序榆星散分布于我国浙、闽、皖、赣，不久前在陕南也有发现，大树已不多见，处于临危状态。该种树干通直圆满，生长迅速，其木材的气干密度、顺纹抗压强度、抗弯弹性模量、顺纹抗拉强度、冲击韧性和硬度等材性指标均优于同属其它树种，与榉树相似，为优良用材树…     

长序榆等珍稀优良树种推广项目简介

六年前我们和福建来舟林业试验场等单位协作,开展珍稀优良树种的引种试验,建立了三处珍稀树木园,筛选出以长序榆为首的一批有发展前途的针阔叶树种。研究成果已于1990年底通过林业部主持的专家鉴定,1991年被林业部批准列项,由我校负责进一步推广。长序榆不同于白榆或榔榆,是近年来发现的新树种,树干端直,生长较快,材质优良,可与榉树     

4种榆科珍稀树种的种苗形态研究及其栽培效果

对琅琊榆、糙叶榆、长序榆、栗叶榆等4种榆科珍稀树种从种子(翅果)到幼苗的形态做了探索性研究,对其形态通过观察、记载而绘制成图。此4种榆科树种的苗木定植3年后经评价,表明在福建来舟林场已引种成功。     

矸石山造林不同树种天然更新效果研究

通过对抚顺矿区废弃矸石山造林的多个树种天然更新情况的长期调查研究,筛选出在矸石山立地条件下,具有天然更新能力的11个乔灌木树种,其中大乔木树种的天然更新能力由强至弱依次为家榆、刺槐、皂角;小乔木树种依次为火炬树、沙棘;灌木树种依次为水蜡、锦鸡儿、毛樱桃、紫穗槐、胡枝子、叶底珠。研究结果表明,通过营造具有天然更新能力的树种,可加快矸石山植被恢复的速度,大幅度减少用于植被恢复的资金投入。     

琅琊山珍稀树种开发与保护

榆科树种琅琊榆、醉翁榆、青檀、榉村是琅琊山主要珍稀树种。前两者为濒危树种,根据其生态学特性创造更新条件、采取保护措施已迫在眉睫。后两者是北亚热带石灰岩山地重要建群种,具有十分独特的生态学意义。急需采取措施,以保证珍稀树种后继有树,维护琅山景观生态持续稳定。     

Soil seed banks in four 22-year-old plantations in South China: Implications for restoration

To better understand the potentials of the soil seed banks in facilitating succession towards a more natural forest of native tree species, we quantified the size and composition of the soil seed banks in established plantations in South China. The seed banks were from four typical 22-year-old plantations, i.e., legume, mixed-conifer, mixed-native, and Eucalyptus overstory species. Species diversity in the seed banks was low, and the vegetation species differed from those found in the seed bank in each plantation. A total of 1211 seedlings belonging to eight species emerged in a seedling germination assay, among which Cyrtococcum patens was most abundant. All species detected were shrubs and herbs, and no viable indigenous tree seeds were found in soil samples. Size and species composition of the seed banks might be related to the overstory species compositions of the established plantations. The seed bank density in soils was highest in the mixed-conifer plantation followed by Eucalyptus, mixed-native, and legume plantations. Species richness among the seed banks of plantations was ranked as follows: Eucalyptus > mixed-conifer > mixed-native = legume. The results indicated that the soil seed banks of the current plantations are ineffective in regenerating the former communities after human disturbances. Particularly, the absence of indigenous tree species seeds in the seed banks would limit regeneration and probably contribute to arrested succession at the pioneer community stage. It would appear from these data that the soil seed banks under the current plantations should not be considered as a useful tool leading the succession to more natural stages. Introduction of target indigenous species by artificial seeding or seedling planting should be considered to accelerate forest regeneration.     

Ten-year regeneration responses to varying levels of overstory retention in two productive southern British Columbia ecosystems

We investigated survival and growth responses of planted and advance natural regeneration species of varying shade tolerance to partial retention harvesting in moist warm Interior Cedar-Hemlock (ICHmw2) and dry cool Montane Spruce (MSdk) ecosystems of southeastern British Columbia, Canada. Treatments included three levels of overstory basal area retention (none, light (∼25%), or heavy (∼50%)) installed by two harvest methods (handfelled or a pushover falling technique being tested for its ability to control the spread of root disease). After 10 years, growth of both planted and natural regeneration species of varying shade tolerance tended to increase with decreasing overstory retention and associated increases in light availability. In contrast, significant survival responses to retention level were lacking except in the case of shade-intolerant western larch. Harvest method had a variable effect on regeneration survival and growth. Where significant responses did occur, they were generally attributed to harvesting effects on the characteristics of planting microsites rather than root disease spread. Natural regeneration densities at the ICHmw2 site were high at all retention levels, whereas stocking was less consistent at the MSdk site. We concluded that moderately shade-tolerant to shade-tolerant interior spruce and western redcedar can, under conditions similar to those of our study sites, be successfully established under overstories of up to approximately 25 m²/ha basal area, but that growth performance is likely to be significantly lower than in clearcuts. Despite early survival issues, conclusions regarding Douglas-fir were similar. Poorer survival and vigour of shade-intolerant western larch suggested this species is not suitable for regeneration in partial retention systems where timber production is the primary objective. Where non-timber objectives predominate, survival and acceptable growth of even a small proportion of larch could add to the diversity of the regenerating stand.     

章古台固沙林天然更新的研究

章古台固沙林,通过经营疏伐与部分采伐,改善林分通风透光条件,促进了天然更新。在12块采伐迹地标准地调查中,共出现天然更新的乔灌木树种13种,487株。其中出现频度最高的是鼠李,达67%,分布最多的是榆树,为3 921株/hm2。在7块固沙林标准地调查中,共出现天然更新树木13种,385株。其中出现频度最高的是赤松,为43%,分布最多的也是榆树,为2 980株/hm2。天然更新的幼树多出现在沙地的丘间低地或沙丘的东北坡,而且有落沙层;同时还需要在5~6月降水比较多,年降水量比较高的年份发生。     

长白落叶松人工林林隙间伐对林下更新及植物多样性的影响

2009年7月中旬,以佳木斯孟家岗林场间伐8年后的34年生长白落叶松人工纯林为对象,分析均匀间伐、大林隙和小林隙的林下更新和植物多样性。结果表明:与均匀间伐相比,林隙内出现了树高超过1.5m的胡桃楸、山杨和春榆等喜光阔叶树种,大林隙中出现树高超过2m的胡桃楸幼树;林隙内更新树种的个体密度、平均高和平均地径明显增加,大林隙尤为显著(P<0.05);林隙内木本植物的Simpson多样性指数和盖度均显著高于均匀间伐(P<0.05);与小林隙相比,大林隙内木本和草本植物盖度均显著增加(P<0.05);木本植物竞争种的重要值表现为大林隙>小林隙>均匀间伐,耐胁迫种的重要值相反(P<0.05);大林隙内1年生草本植物的重要值显著高于小林隙和均匀间伐(P<0.05),多年生草本植物则相反(P<0.05);大林隙Grime'功能群中杂草种的重要值高于小林隙和均匀间伐,耐胁迫种则相反(P<0.05);小林隙与均匀间伐的草本植物不同生活型及Grime'功能群的组成差异不明显(P>0.05);林隙间伐结合均匀间伐可以将长白落叶松人工纯林改造成长白落叶松针阔混交异龄林,较单独实施均匀间伐更有利于林下更新和植物多样性的提高,间伐林隙应...     

珍贵树种火力楠实生天然更新研究

通过林分样地调查和模拟天然更新发芽试验,研究珍贵树种火力楠(Michelia macclurei)实生天然更新情况,为火力楠可持续经营和种质资源保护等提供理论依据.结果 显示:广西壮族自治区火力楠8个成熟人工林分林下天然更新实生苗木密度250～4000株·hm-2,平均更新密度1395株·hm-2;更新频度6.7％～6...     

鄂中地区马尾松人工林群落演替特征研究

目的 以鄂中地区马尾松人工林为研究对象,对马尾松人工林演替过程中物种多样性的变化、演替趋势以及天然更新展开研究,为马尾松人工林的近自然经营提供依据。 方法 对研究区不同林龄（9 a、18 a、28 a和48 a）和不同林分密度（1 0882 644株·hm-2）的马尾松人工林样地林下植物进行调查,并测量林内透光率,分析了乔木树种的演替趋势和多样性影响因素。 结果 表明,马尾松人工林中的主要演替树种为樟树、冬青、杉木、苦楝和短柄枹栎5种。马尾松人工林的主林层与演替层的物种多样性指数随龄级组增加表现为逐渐上升趋势。林内透光率对更新层（P < 0.01）和演替层（P < 0.05）的多样性均有显著的影响,在本研究的密度范围内,林分密度与乔木树种的幼树幼苗密度呈极显著负相关（P < 0.01）,与更新层密度呈显著负相关（P < 0.05）。 结论 鄂中地区马尾松人工林群落的顶级群落为冬青+樟树+短柄枹栎混交林。研究区的人工林总体更新能力偏弱,在天然更新弱的区域可以采取补植阔叶树种幼树等方式来进行人工辅助更新。     

安徽省石灰岩山地适生树种的选择

以皖东、皖南、皖北的典型石灰岩山地天然次生林群落为研究对象,在群落调查、更新状况调查分析的基础上,探讨了安徽省石灰岩山地的适生树种.结果表明青檀、榉树、朴树、琅琊榆、醉翁榆等榆科树种为皖东石灰岩山地造林绿化的最适树种;麻栎、枫香、黄连木、马尾松、湿地松、侧柏、刺柏、青檀为皖南石灰岩山地造林宜选树种;栓皮栎、板栗、麻栎、青檀、侧柏、杜梨、泡桐等树种为皖北石灰岩山地的造林树种.该研究将为加速北亚热带石灰岩山地绿化提供了可靠依据.     

Natural conifer regeneration patterns in temperate forests across the Inland Northwest,USA

Key message

Natural regeneration patterns of conifer species were studied. Seedling regeneration follows patterns responding to stand structure and site condition factors along shade and drought tolerance gradients. Our findings can assist in adaptive forest management for maintaining sustainable regeneration and plant biodiversity.

Context

Seedling regeneration can vary with stand factors of overstory trees and understory non-tree vegetation and site conditions.

Aims

Natural seedling regeneration patterns of coniferous species were investigated using Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data of 10 common species across the Inland Northwest, USA.

Methods

Zero-inflated negative binomial models were developed to understand the responses of natural regeneration to stand factors and site conditions.

Results

Seedling occurrence varies along shade and drought tolerance gradients responding to stand structure and site conditions. Two moderate shade-tolerant species of different drought tolerance contributed as a transition. Strong response patterns were revealed for seedling density, in which seedling density was improved with the presence of conspecific trees while limited by competition, especially from the understory vegetation layer.

Conclusion

Overstory structure and understory vegetation could improve or hinder natural regeneration of coniferous tree species given different shade tolerance and site conditions. Our findings can be effectively implemented in adaptive forest management for maintaining sustainable regeneration of specific conifers in broad temperate mixed forests.

     

Assessing the potential for ash canopy tree replacement via current regeneration following emerald ash borer-caused mortality on southeastern Michigan landscapes

The emerald ash borer (EAB) has killed millions of ash trees in Michigan and at least fourteen other states since its first detection near its introduction point in metropolitan Detroit in 2002. Despite overstory ash mortality near 100% in many areas, ash seedling and saplings remain unaffected and provide the potential for ash re-establishment into the canopy of deciduous forests of the region. We examined the potential for ash re-establishment in areas of heavy mortality by measuring the status and change of ash regeneration at 45 sites across southeastern Lower Michigan in 2007 and 2009. Ash regeneration was found to be abundant in all forest types, particularly in the smallest height classes, though it was more abundant in ash species of upland forests compared to those of lowland forests. New seedlings 1-2 years old were less common than other regeneration size classes, and declined substantially between 2007 and 2009, suggesting a depletion of the ash seed bank in these forests. Regeneration density was not explained well by the presence of overstory ash prior to EAB introduction, suggesting that competitive interaction with other tree species in higher canopy strata is an important driver of ash regeneration density. Regeneration is sufficient to replenish overstory ash to pre-EAB levels in upland forests, though ecological changes caused by overstory ash mortality in lowland areas may affect local hydrology in a way that reduces opportunities for tree regeneration. Despite abundant ash regeneration, it remains unclear whether ash will recover to the overstory of forests in southeastern Michigan because of uncertainties in the future dynamics of EAB in the region.