中国维生素产业崛起的喜与忧——2006＇中国（浙江）维生素饲料添加剂产业发展高层论坛侧记

目前,世界每年维生素的市场消费量达到30万t左右（不包括氯化胆碱）,销售额约25亿美元.其中维生素A、维生素E、维生素C市场需求量最大,销售额约20亿美元,维生素E的市场份额约10亿美元,维生素A和维生素C各5亿美元.维生素主要应用于饲料、食品和医药,其中饲料添加剂占50%,食品添加剂占20%～25%,医药占25%～30%.据预测,全球用于饲料市场的维生素每年正以2%～3%的速度增长;药用和食用维生素的需求也在以4%～5%的速度增长.市场需求拉动了维生素产业的持续发展,高利润回报使淘金者越来越多.     

降低蛋鸡生产成本的窍门

1蛋鸡生产的主要成本　　我国商品蛋鸡的 85％以上由个体专业户经营，生产成本：饲料费约占 80％；育成成本约占 5％；工资、房屋及设备折旧费约占 2％；动物保健费及燃料、水电费约占 3％。降低生产成本主要是降低直接生产费。2降低生产成本的有效办法2.1采用优质配合饲料使鸡获得的各种营养成分全面而均衡，料蛋比可达 2.3～ 2.4∶ 1(如果采用质量较差的饲料，料蛋比一般为 2.7～ 2.8∶ 1，甚至有的达到 3.0∶ 1)。用优质配合饲料喂鸡 (虽然价格贵一点 )是最经济、最节省饲料的措施。2.2调整饲养，节约饲料消耗根据鸡在不同生理时期对营养…     

中国维生素产业崛起的喜与忧——2006''中国(浙江)维生素饲料添加剂产业发展高层论坛侧记

目前,世界每年维生素的市场消费量达到30万t左右(不包括氯化胆碱),销售额约25亿美元.其中维生素A、维生素E、维生素C市场需求量最大,销售额约20亿美元,维生素E的市场份额约10亿美元,维生素A和维生素C各5亿美元.维生素主要应用于饲料、食品和医药,其中饲料添加剂占50%,食品添加剂占20%～25%,医药占25%～30%.据预测,全球用于饲料市场的维生素每年正以2%～3%的速度增长;药用和食用维生素的需求也在以4%～5%的速度增长.市场需求拉动了维生素产业的持续发展,高利润回报使淘金者越来越多.     

食物营养水平与饲料工业的关系

<正> 进入八十年代以来,全世界配合饲料年产量稳定在7亿吨左右。用于生产配合饲料的原料有250种,有上百种商品饲料产品,颗粒饲料产量比重上升较快,约占世界配合饲料总产量的45%,粉状料约占53%,其余为块状和液体饲料。我国的配合饲料生产起于1979年,82年后有较大发展。1984年,全国总产配合饲料900万吨(其中粮食部门215万吨),猪饲料占58%,鸡饲料占30%。1980～1984年,全国饲料行业获利10亿多元。1985年,全国配合饲料产量达1800多万吨,仅粮食     

维生素添加剂使用注意事项

1当前我国维生素添加剂应用中存在的问题维生素添加量的确定是预混料生产中的一个重要环节。维生素用量少，约占配合饲料总量的0.08％左右，但作用大。从饲料成本上看，维生素的成本约占配合饲料成本的2％──3％，因此，如何以最省的维生素添加或最优的维生素添加来获得最大经济效益，一直是动物营养专家们的研究课题。同时改进维生素的应用方法、应用技术以达到最有效利用，降低饲料成本，亦是当前所需解决的重要问题。在畜禽日粮中维生素的添加量多少是当前我国维生素添加剂应用中存在的最普遍、最严峻的问题。尽管有一个供参考的饲养标…     

新时期经济管理理念对饲料企业市场竞争力分析

本文基于新时期经济管理理念,采用问卷调查法对H省饲料企业市场竞争力进行分析,调查显示,H省饲料企业多半为私营企业,饲料行业中个人资本占据整体的86.1%。饲料企业每年可生产饲料数量大于10?t的企业占整体的24.47%,生产各个价位饲料的企业占整体的75.53%,全价配合饲料在市场中行情较好;H省饲料企业主要做猪饲料;加入品质检测的企业高达85.17%;有70.21%认为当前饲料市场竞争激烈;有81.75%的饲料企业认为食品安全将会对企业的经营造成影响,H省饲料企业中集合了浓缩料、混合料、配合饲料等多个产品,饲料可使用集群为猪用饲料、禽类饲料、水产饲料等,可充分满足市场现有需求。根据问卷调查结果提出提升H省饲料企业经营水平的建议,包括采用现代科学管理方式;注重人才引进和培养;更新生产设备,控制成本等方面。     

维生素生产格局与饲料应用市场前景分析

2009年全球维生素市场规模约60万t,涉及金额50亿美元。按用途划分,全球维生素用量的60%以上用于饲料行业,医药保健品、食品和化妆品应用所占比例分别为25%、10%和5%。维生素饲料添加剂产业的发展水平是饲料业发展的前提和关键,是饲料业以及畜牧、水产养殖业发展的基础支撑和战略保障,关系着饲料业增长方式的转变,在提高饲料产品质量、确保养殖动物健康、促进农民增收等方面发挥着不可替代的作用。作为饲料生产不可或缺的重要原料,维生素饲料添加剂质量的优劣直接决定了饲料的品质;同时,它的应用极大地促进了饲料品质和饲料转化率的提高,对节约饲料生产成本、减少粮食消耗、保障食物安全方面发挥了积极的作用。     

肉用畜禽预混料中维生素的添加量

添加剂预混料质量的好坏直接关系到配合饲料的饲喂效果和养殖业的经济效益 ,因此受到人们的普遍关注。而维生素是预混料的主要成分 ,在预混料总成本中 ,维生素成本约占 5 0 %以上。由于动物生产性能的提高 ,高产动物品种免疫力的下降 ,饲料加工贮存过程中维生素的损失 ,以及动物对维生素需要量的增加等原因 ,配合饲料中维生素的添加量呈逐步提高的趋势。但配合饲料中维生素的适宜添加量 ,目前尚无统一的标准 ,从而使饲料配方设计者感到无所适从。为探索肉用畜禽预混料及配合饲料中各种维生素的适宜添加量 ,笔者对国内添加剂预混料中维生素的…     

2012年我国饲料工业运行特点及发展趋势

行业运行特点分析
　　2012年，饲料原料价格一路上扬，养殖产品价格起伏不定，又遇虫灾以及部分地区强降雨引发的洪涝、热带风暴、强台风等灾害影响，但受城市化进程加快，养殖总量较大，饲料需求旺盛，饲料市场保持着快速增长势头。
　　（一）配合饲料是总产量增速的主力2012年，配合饲料、浓缩饲料、添加剂预混合饲料产量占总产量比重分别为84.1%、12.7%、3.2%，与上年比，配合饲料占总产量比重提高1.5个百分点，浓缩饲料下降1.4个百分点，添加剂预混合饲料下降0.1个百分点。配合饲料、浓缩饲料、添加剂预混合饲料三者比例为26.4∶4.0∶1，上年度为24.7∶4.2∶1。根据统计数据看，2010年（16202万t），2011年（18063万t）、2012年（19449万t）饲料总产量同比增长分别为9.4%、11.5%、7.7%。其中，配合饲料所占的比重分别为2010年80.1%，2011年82.6%，2012年84.1%，平均每年增长幅度保持在2个百分点左右。     

饲料级维生素A产品间的稳定性和交联包被技术

维生素Ａ是维生素添加剂中用量最大，所占成本比例最高，同时也是对外界影响因素最敏感的维生素之一。目前，在配合饲料生产中愈来愈多地使用热处理工艺，以改变淀粉、纤维素、蛋白质等主要养分的消化率。颗粒和膨化饲料已成为饲料工业的标准产品，但这些处理对饲料添加剂中的维生素成分产生化学和物理的不良影响。因此，不断改善维生素产品的稳定性，是维生素生产者的重大课题，也是饲料行业的关注问题。 维生素Ａ（视黄醇）纯品为稳定性极差的结晶体，极易氧化，在饲料工业中选用较少。做为饲料添加剂，几乎使用的都是维生素Ａ醋酸酯。但…     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.