八种冰草产量和品质的试验研究

八种冰草产量和品质的试验研究陈宝书，王慧中，梁惠敏（甘肃农业大学７３００７０）冰草属（ＡｇｒｏｐｙｒｏｙＧａｅｒｔｎ）牧草广布于干旱草原和荒漠草原地区。全世界约有１５种，我国有３种。七十年代以来，在引种驯化国产野生冰草的同时，选择从加拿大和美国引进的...     

松嫩草原地区东北鼢鼠的发生特点

黑龙江省松嫩平原草原面积2600万亩,草原类型主要为草甸草原,主要草种有羊草、野古草、星星草、野碗豆、冰草、虎尾草、寸草、早熟禾等牧草.     

黑龙江省西部半干旱区牧草引种筛选研究初报

对不同来源的20种牧草进行了两年的引种筛选试验研究，结果表明：豆科的肇东苜蓿、公农1号苜蓿、草原2号苜蓿和禾本科的无芒雀麦、林肯无芒雀麦、扁穗冰草、细茎冰草，在2001年极其干旱年份越冬率、产草量、抗逆性、分枝（分蘖）数、茎叶比都优于其它13个品种；而苜蓿品种国内的优于国外品种。由此认为，这7个牧草品种是黑龙江省寒冷干旱区、半干旱区建立人工草地、改良退化沙化草地的优良草种，可大力推广种植。     

全国草品种审定委员会2008年审定登记品种简介(30个)

杜尔伯特扁穗冰草Agropyroncristatum (Linn.) Gaertn.‘Duerbote’品种登记号359草种名称扁穗冰草品种名称杜尔伯特登记日期2009年4月17日申报者黑龙江省畜牧研究所。李红、罗新义、杨伟光、黄新育、高海娟。品种来源1994年黑龙江省畜牧研究所草原研究室从大庆市齐家地区采集野生种子,经15年引种、     

黑龙江省西部半干旱区牧草引种筛选研究初报

对不同来源的20种牧草进行了两年的引种筛选试验研究,结果表明豆科的肇东苜蓿、公农1号苜蓿、草原2号苜蓿和禾本科的无芒雀麦、林肯无芒雀麦、扁穗冰草、细茎冰草,在2001年极其干旱年份越冬率、产草量、抗逆性、分枝(分蘖)数、茎叶比都优于其它13个品种;而苜蓿品种国内的优于国外品种.由此认为,这7个牧草品种是黑龙江省寒冷干旱区、半干旱区建立人工草地、改良退化沙化草地的优良草种,可大力推广种植.     

草原2号杂花苜蓿浸提液对4种牧草种子萌发的影响

通过研究草原2号杂花苜蓿(Medicago varia cv. caoyuan No.2)浸提液对4种牧草种子萌发的影响,探索利用生物检测法初步确定其与自身及其他3种牧草间化感作用。用草原2号杂花苜蓿根、茎、叶水浸提液处理草原2号杂花苜蓿、蒙古冰草(Agropyron mongolicum Keng)、扁穗冰草(Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.)和红豆草(Onobrychis viciaefolia Scop.)的种子,测定其发芽率、苗高、根长,利用生物检测法确定草原2号杂花苜蓿对受体植物的化感效应。结果表明:草原2号杂花苜蓿的自毒性及化感作用存在浓度效应,即不同浓度的根、茎、叶浸提液对不同受体植物种子萌发、幼苗高度、根长影响效果不同,其叶浸提液对扁穗冰草和蒙古冰草种子发芽的抑制效应小于草原2号杂花苜蓿和红豆草;其叶、茎、根浸提液对蒙古冰草、扁穗冰草的苗高、根长的促进作用大于红豆草和草原2号杂花苜蓿;根据试验结果,初步认为草原2号杂花苜蓿与蒙古冰草、扁穗冰草混、间播效果要比与红豆草混、间播和单一连播杂花苜蓿效果好。     

牧草引种试验报告

试验所用材料共3科23属143种,其中国外84种,国内59种,保存下来共106种.禾本科牧草大部分引自加拿大萨斯卡吞农业试验站.经1986～1988年在内蒙古呼和浩特市试种观察,适于在草甸草原地区补播的草种有无芒雀麦(锡林浩特)、杂交雀麦(加拿大)、草甸雀麦(加拿大)、多叶老芒麦;适于典型草原补播的草种有冰草(美国)、沙生冰草(美国)、扁穗冰草(加拿大)、冰草(加拿大);适于黄土高原区撂荒地植被补播的草种有蒙古冰草(内蒙古畜科院)、细茎冰草(加拿大)和苏联野麦草(加拿大).     

利用胚的人工培养实现新基因的组合

<正> 美国犹他州Logan市农业研究服务所一个科学家小组,采用两种遗传工程技术——胚培养和染色体加倍——培育出一些前所未有的新植株。遗传学家Richard R-C.Wang及其助手们已经为西部草原培育出一种耐旱冰草,它比原来的牧草增产25％。 Wang认为“使用这些技术,任何形式的组合几乎都变得可能了”。用于改良冰草     

北美三种冰草属牧草引种试验

本文评述了北美三种优良冰草属牧草在东苏旗荒漠草原引种试验，经3年的观测，生长发育良好，能完成整个生育期，营养丰富，各种家畜均喜食，具有推广前途的牧草。     

不同退化草地植物可溶性碳水化合物对氮素添加的响应

可溶性碳水化合物对草原植物代谢起重要作用,也是草原植物产量的形成基础,对植物生长具有重要意义。本研究以内蒙古锡林郭勒典型草原的未退化和退化的草地为研究地点,进行了氮素梯度控制试验(分别添加NH_4NO_3 0,30,50,80 g/m~2),分析羊草(Leymus chinensis)、米氏冰草(Agropyron michoni)、糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa)和大针茅(Stipa grandis)在不同退化状况下可溶性碳水化合物对氮素梯度的响应。结果表明,未退化与退化状态下4种植物可溶性碳水化合物含量比较,羊草可溶性碳水化合物显著增加,大针茅、米氏冰草和糙隐子草没有显著差异。不同氮素梯度比较,随着氮素梯度的增加,未退化样地中4种植物可溶性碳水化合物含量呈现出显著降低再缓慢增加的趋势,30 g/m~2处理下羊草、大针茅、米氏冰草和糙隐子可溶性碳水化合物含量均呈现最低值;退化样地中随着氮素梯度的增加4种植物可溶性碳水化合物没有明显规律。4种植物可溶性碳水化合物含量比较,未退化样地中4个氮素梯度下羊草可溶性碳水化合物含量最低,显著低于大针茅,米氏冰草与糙隐子草;在退化样地中羊草可溶性碳水化合物含量显著低于米氏冰草,与大针茅、糙隐子草没有显著差异。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …