从海狸鼠肺检出布氏杆菌

某场一成年海狸鼠发病死亡，从该鼠肺组织分离出一株布氏杆菌，经鉴定为牛种第3生物型布鲁氏菌。1细菌分离：河北省某养殖场一只雌性海狸鼠发病死亡，剖检皮下淤血，颈淋巴结淤血，肺淤血。取心血、肝和肺组织分别接种于含10％绵羊血的马丁琼脂平血上，37℃培养4天，接种肺组织的平皿长出细小菌落，接种心血和肝组织的平皿不长菌。将细小菌落在血琼脂平皿上连续移植传代，传至6代，细菌容易生长，培养48小时的菌落直径0．5－0．7mm，菌落是圆形、突起、光滑。在血斜面上培养后的菌落连成片，极为粘稠。该菌在马丁肉汤中生长缓慢，在厌气肉肝…     

猪波氏杆菌病的诊断和防治

１９９９年１月，四川省彭山县某个体养猪专业户的太湖猪群发生一种以咳嗽喘气为特征的疾病，经流行病学调查、病理剖检及实验室检验，诊断为猪支气管败血波氏杆菌病。１　临床症状发病猪体温高达４１℃以上，呛喘，不食，精神沉郁，最急性者４～５天死亡，该病传染迅速，但死亡率不高，经青霉素、链霉素、土霉素等治疗，其效果不明显。２　剖检病变肺脏明显出血、充血：脾脏肿大出血；肝脏肿大；其他器官病变不明显。３　实验室检验３－１　细菌培养　采集病猪心血及有病变的肺、肝接种于肉汤、普通琼脂平皿、兔鲜血琼脂平皿，３７℃培养…     

乌骨鸡大肠杆菌病的诊治

随着养鸡业的迅速发展，大肠杆菌病在各个鸡场广为流行，造成了惨重的经济损失，使广大养殖户叫苦不迭。笔者于1996年3月遇到两起身骨鸡因大肠杆菌病而使产蛋率下降，死亡率增加，造成了近万元的经济损失。后经我们诊治，采取了综合性防制措施，取得了较为满意的效果，现将情况介绍如下。一、发病情况：太原市南郊区某养鸡专业户，饲养乌骨鸡2200余只，产蛋开始后，不断发生零星死亡，用土霉素、青霉素G、氟喀酸等抗菌药进行治疗，用药后症状减轻，死亡减少，停药后又复发，这样反反复复，先后共死亡20余只，产蛋率下降15％－30％不等，损…     

雏鸡痢菌净中毒的诊疗

1发病情况河南省林州市养殖专业户李某于2003年3月10日,接艾维茵肉雏鸡3000只进行饲养。为预防雏鸡白痢病和大肠杆菌病,李某于3月14日用痢菌净原粉按鸡每日每千克体重120mg混入饲料中饲喂,连用5d后停药,在停药的当天,部分雏鸡出现精神委顿,羽毛蓬乱,减食或不食现象,死亡12只。停药后7d内,发病鸡数逐渐增多,并引起大批死亡,死亡雏鸡1248只,以后每天死亡20～30只,一直持续13d后鸡群恢复正常。从发病到疾病得到控制的20d内,共死亡1560只。2临床症状发病雏鸡精神沉郁,食欲减少或不食,羽毛蓬乱,两翅下垂,冠暗紫色,垂头伏卧,闭眼呆滞;多数病鸡嗉囊…     

鸡传染性法氏囊病的诊断与病毒分离鉴定

哈尔滨市区某鸡厂发生大批鸡只急性死亡，经临床剖检、病理组织学、琼脂扩散试验及电镜检查诊断为鸡传染性法氏囊病，并进行了病毒的分离鉴定。此野毒株回归易感鸡后表现鸡传染性法氏囊病典型的临床症状和特征性病理变化，发病率１００％，死亡率４０％。     

小尾寒羊巴氏杆菌病的诊断

1999年5月,桂林市雁山区某养殖场的小尾寒羊种公羊突然死亡,经诊断为巴氏杆菌病。现报道如下。1　发病情况　该场共养小尾寒羊20余只,为关养舍饲。1999年5月31日下午5时左右,一头种公羊突然发病,口吐泡沫,鼻流粘液,呼吸困难,倒地不起,10分钟后死亡。2　病理剖检变化　肺瘀血;空肠见有密集的出血点;脾脏亦见有出血点。3　实验室诊断3.1　镜检　用血、肝、脾脏涂片,瑞氏染色,镜检见多量两极着染的小杆菌。3.2　分离培养　取肝、脾分别接种于鲜血琼脂平皿、麦康凯琼脂平皿上,37℃培养24小时,在鲜血琼脂上可见灰白色、湿润的、露滴状的小菌落,麦…     

三万多只鸡死亡原因初析

三万多只育成母鸡在接种新城疫疫苗后7－10天内几乎死亡殆尽。死亡鸡具有新城疫和传染性法氏囊病的病变。死亡非因疫苗引起。从饲料的鱼粉中分离出的致病因子能致死鸡胚，并于鸡胚成纤维细胞培养中产生病变，致病因子为30和50nm的病毒粒子，与传染性法氏囊病病毒抗血清作琼脂扩散试验为阴性，用分离美丽接种的试验鸡不出现临床症状；隔一定时间接种新城疫疫苗时，有部分鸡出现鸡新以样症关，病毒毒力由于继代很快减弱，故难以复制与现场死亡完全相同的病例。作者推论，三万多只鸡死亡的可能原因是：来自鱼粉中的病毒，可能属于法氏囊病病毒的变异株或亚型，通过消化道反复感染育成鸡，虽不引起明显临床症状，但严重地破坏了育成鸡的免疫系统，致使接种新城疫疫苗后，引起比自然新城疫更高的死亡率。这一推论，有待更多的观察证实。     

牦牛急性炭疽一例

1988年6月,某地送检1具1岁牦牛尸体。据送检者讲,该牛生前无任何异常情况,于晚上突然死亡。经检查,牦牛尸体高度臌胀,耳道出血,肛门外翻出血,血液凝固不良。取耳切面涂片,用瑞特氏染色镜检,发现有呈竹节状排列的大杆菌,菌体两端平截并具有荚膜。取耳切面血液和少量腹水分别接种于绵羊血琼脂平皿及普通琼脂平皿上,37℃培养24小时后检     

桔皮提取物总成分、有效成分与辛硫磷杀羊螨效力比较

从疥癣病羊皮肤采集病料,置于玻璃平皿内,待虫体受热活泼运动后,用分离针分离虫体于另外玻璃平皿中,然后分别滴加用常水稀释的桔皮提取物总成分(从四川红桔皮中提取)、有效成分(从总成分中分离、筛选并合成)和辛硫磷,同时用常水做对照.将平皿盖上,在解剖显微镜下观察并记录虫体死亡情况.整个试验均在温室中进行.结果如下:     

鸡脑炎型大肠杆菌病的诊治

１　临诊症状　患鸡多为１～２月龄的雏鸡，其特征性表现是抽搐、瘫痪、共济失调，不能站立和行走，病鸡多向一侧倒卧，两腿划动，迅速死亡。病程１～２天。该病发生急、传播快、发病率和死亡率都很高，严重者死亡率可达５０％。２　剖检变化　累计剖检了３０余只症状典型的病鸡和病死鸡，其病理变化十分一致。特征性病变是小脑膜、小脑表面及其实质内布满针尖大至米粒大出血点。大脑未见出血点，其它组织和器官也没有明显变化。３　病原分离３．１　分离培养　将脑组织病料无菌接种于营养肉汤、普通琼脂平板和麦康凯琼脂平板上，置３７℃培…     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.