可乐猪繁殖规律的初步研究

通过对毕节地区可乐猪的研究结果发现,初产可乐母猪的各项繁殖性能指标均有随着选育代数的增加而提高的趋势,且第1胎的初生重与产活仔数呈反比关系.其产活仔数、断奶头数、断奶重、育成率分别从第一世代的4.60头、3.20头、8.59 kg、65.97%提高到第五世代的5.89头、5.16头、9.10 kg、87.61%,提高幅度较大.经产可乐猪的产活仔数、断奶头数、断奶重也分别从第一世代的8.12头、7.20头、10.26kg,提高到第四世代的8.61头、7.62头、10.42 kg,提高幅度较明显.     

山西白猪高产仔母系繁殖性能测定

以马身猪、太湖猪（二花脸类群）和长白猪为育种素材,采用标记辅助选择技术结合群体继代选育法,经7年6个世代育成山西白猪高产仔母系。对7个世代母猪繁殖性能分析结果表明,4世代母猪的繁殖性能最好,母猪初产窝产仔10.64头,产活仔数9.85头,断奶头数9.36头,哺育率达95.03%,初生个体均重1.42 kg,28日龄断奶窝重62.36 kg。除产活仔数外,均极显著高于0世代（P<0.01）。初生和断奶时仔猪均匀度随选育逐代提高,一致性增强。该品系已具有良好的繁殖性能,是一个优良的母本品系。     

嵊县花猪PRLR基因多态性与繁殖性状的相关分析

应用PCR-RFLP技术检测嵊县花猪PRLR基因第10外显子NaeⅠ酶切位点多态性，并采用SPSS13．0统计软件分析该位点多态性对母猪繁殖性能的影响。结果表明，该位点多态性对头胎、第3和第10胎母猪繁殖性能有显著影响，表现为第1胎AA型母猪产活母仔数和断奶母仔数比AB型母猪多1．68头和1．60头；第10胎AA型母猪产活仔数、活母仔数和断奶母仔数比AB型母猪分别多0．91头，1．67头和1．19头；而第3胎AB型母猪产活仔数、活母仔数和断奶母仔数比AA型母猪分别多1．09头、1．19头和1．05头。     

淮南猪新品系繁殖性能的选育及分析

经过多次杂交筛选 ,在淮南猪中引入一定比例的杜洛克猪外血组建基础群 ,开展群体继代选育工作。对五个世代母猪繁殖性能的分析表明 ,培育的新品系基本保持了淮南猪繁殖力高的特性 ,母猪初生窝重增大 ,仔猪哺乳期生长速度加快 ,主选性状进展显著。与零世代相比 ,五世代总产仔数增加 2 .92头 (P <0 .0 1) ,产活仔数增加 2 .83头 (P <0 .0 1) ,初生窝重增加 5 .72kg(P <0 .0 1) ,2 0日龄头数增加 2 .31头 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,2 0日龄窝重增加 19.73kg(P <0 .0 1) ,断奶头数增加 1.2 6头 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,断奶窝重增加 18.2 7kg(P <0 .0 5 )     

瑞典长白猪繁殖性能的研究

本文统计分析了1088窝瑞典长白猪的繁殖性能,产仔数、产活仔数、初生个体重、断奶头数、28日龄断奶窝重和断奶个体重分别达到了12.10头、11.40头、1.55千克、10.64头、85.07千克和8.4千克,产活仔率91.32%,第4和第5胎繁殖性能达到了最佳,最佳繁殖利用期为6胎次,是理想的母系种猪。     

不同饲养程序对母猪生产性能的影响

本试验旨在研究不同饲养程序对母猪生产性能的影响。选取三产的长白妊娠母猪80头,随机分为2组,每组40头,分别饲喂两种饲粮,保证两组试验猪每天营养成分的摄入量相同。试验期为一个繁殖周期,结果显示:在预防母猪便秘问题上,试验组的母猪便秘发生的头数明显低于对照组;对照组和试验组在产仔数方面差异不显著(P0.05);但试验组产活仔数比对照组提高了12.35%(P0.05);对照组与试验组间仔猪初生重差异不显著(P0.05);在断奶头数方面,试验组比对照组相比提高11.09%(P0.05);在断奶均重方面,试验组比对照组提高了6.41%(P0.05)。结论:母猪妊娠期采用不同的饲养程序,会影响母猪的生产性能,其中对产活仔数和断奶均重影响显著。     

不同胎次对母猪繁殖性能的影响

通过分析EZ猪场2005-2011年7年2万多条配种分娩记录发现,胎次对大白和长白母猪的受胎率和配种分娩率影响不大;1-9胎次母猪的受胎率相对比较理想,基本上在90%以上,4-10胎次母猪的配种分娩率相对较高。胎次明显影响母猪的总产仔数和产活仔数,1-5胎母猪的总产仔数和产活仔数随胎次增加而逐渐增加,第4、5胎时总产仔数达到高峰（长白猪为11.49头,大白猪11.62头）,长白母猪7胎时产活仔数明显下降,大白母猪9胎时产活仔数明显下降;为提高繁殖性能,EZ猪场的长白母猪以6胎后、大白母猪以8胎后淘汰为宜。     

不同品种或组合猪多产性研究

本文以 1 2个品种或组合猪为研究对象 ,收集了其 1胎、2胎及经产共 42 6 9窝产仔数和产活仔数的数据资料。纯种猪混合胎次窝产仔数以四川白猪Ⅰ系为最高 ,产仔数和产活仔数分别为 1 1 6 1头和 1 0 71头 ,本地猪、杜洛克猪和长白猪居中 ,分别为 1 0 86头和 1 0 0 6头、1 0 0 7头和 9 33头、9 85头和 9 2 6头 ,大白猪的产仔数和产活仔数最低 ,分别为 9 34头和 8 87头。二杂母猪的窝仔数以DL、DI、YI、DY较高 ,其产仔数和产活仔数分别为 1 1 4 9头和 1 0 80头、1 1 4 8头和 1 0 38头、1 1 36头和 1 0 4 5头、1 0 89头和 1 0 89头 ,YL、YB较低 ,分别为 1 0 2 7头和 9 6 5头、1 0 1 8头和 9 84头。二杂母猪产仔数和产活仔数的平均杂种优势率分别为 8 2 6 %和 9 4 1 % ,其中DL、DI、DY3个组合产仔数和产活仔数的平均杂种优势率分别为 1 1 1 4 %和 1 3 1 3% ,TI、YL、YB相应为 5 39%和 5 6 8%。     

大白猪哺乳期背膘损失对繁殖性能的影响

为了研究大白母猪哺乳期背膘损失对其繁殖性能的影响,试验选取大白母猪1 178头,统计6个胎次的总产仔数、产活仔数、健仔数、断奶窝重、断奶发情间隔、哺乳期背膘损失等性状,根据哺乳期的背膘损失情况将母猪分为6组:0、0~1、1~2、3~4、5~6、6mm,以断奶窝重为协变量,利用最小二乘检验开展组间总产仔数、产活仔数、健仔数、断奶发情间隔等性状的差异显著性分析。结果显示,大白母猪6个胎次平均总产仔数、产活仔数、健仔数、断奶窝重、断奶发情间隔和哺乳期背膘损失分别为13.67头、11.51头、10.32头、65.90kg、4.83d和2.89mm,大白母猪1~6胎产仔数在各组间存在显著差异(P0.05)。综合全部6个胎次的结果可知,第4、5、6组间差异不显著(P0.05),但均显著高于第1、2、3组(P0.05);第4组总产仔数最高,达13.54头,比第1、2、3组分别高出1.90、2.29和1.63头(P0.05)。虽然各胎次中各组间产活仔数和健仔数性状有时也出现显著差异,但综合分析6个胎次组间并未出现显著差异(P0.05)。从断奶发情间隔性状来看,各组间均未出现显著差异(P0.05)。结果表明,在大白猪生产中,将哺乳期母猪的背膘损失控制在3~4mm可以获得更高的总产仔数。     

大汉梅猪母本系繁殖性能的研究

大汉梅猪母本系是以我国繁殖性能高的梅山猪作第一母本,与国外种猪汉普夏猪和大约克夏猪进行杂交,采用群体继代选育的方法,经过7个世代的选育,培育出的优良的瘦肉型母本系。第7世代经产母猪的总产仔数13.32头,活产仔数12.63头,21日龄泌乳力53.17 kg,35日龄断奶头数11.40头、窝重87.34 kg、成活率90.26%。14~16个乳头的比例为91.2%。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.