Seasonal vitamin D status of Greyhounds in Sydney

OBJECTIVES: To survey the vitamin D status of a population of Greyhounds in New South Wales, and to establish a reference range for plasma 25(OH)D. To investigate whether any seasonal fluctuation in vitamin D status is detectable in these animals. DESIGN: Vitamin D status was assessed in Greyhounds and crossbred dogs presented to the University of Sydney for teaching purposes over a 24 month period. PROCEDURES: Plasma 25(OH)D concentration was measured as an estimate of vitamin D status. Physical examination and plasma calcium concentration were used to verify the health of the animals, particularly with respect to metabolic bone disease. RESULTS: A plasma 25(OH)D concentration range of 10 to 76 nmol/L was found in healthy adult Greyhounds. There was no sex- or season-dependent variation in vitamin D status in Greyhounds. Concentrations in crossbred dogs did not differ significantly from those in Greyhounds. CONCLUSION: The reference range for plasma 25(OH)D concentration in Greyhound dogs is similar to that previously reported for humans. It would seem that healthy dogs in the Sydney region do not exhibit a seasonal fluctuation in their vitamin D status.     

Serum Fructosamine Concentrations in Dogs with Hypothyroidism

Serum fructosamine concentrations were measured in 11 untreated hypothyroid dogs with normal serum glucose and serum protein concentrations. The fructosamine level ranged between 276 and 441 mol/L (median 376 mol/L; reference range 207–340 mol/L). Nine of the 11 dogs had fructosamine levels above the reference range. The fructosamine levels decreased significantly during treatment with levothyroxine. It is suggested that serum fructosamine concentrations may be high in hypothyroid dogs because of decelerated protein turnover, independent of the blood glucose concentration.     

饲粮添加25-羟基维生素D3对轮状病毒攻毒和未攻毒断奶仔猪血清和肠内容物抗体和细胞因子水平的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加25-羟基维生素D3(25-OH-D3)对轮状病毒攻毒和未攻毒断奶仔猪血清和肠内容物抗体和细胞因子水平的影响.选取48头28日龄断奶的平均体重为(7.35±0.75)kg的杜长大三元杂交仔猪,按体重随机分配到4个组,每组12个重复,每个重复1头猪,试验期21 d.C-、C+分别为未攻毒和攻毒对照...     

丁酸梭菌对慢性肾衰竭犬肠道菌群及血清小分子尿毒素含量的影响

本试验旨在研究丁酸梭菌对慢性肾衰竭(CRF)犬肠道菌群及血清小分子尿毒素含量的影响。选取20条2岁左右的雄性贵宾犬,随机分成4组:假手术对照组(CL组)、模型组(MD组)、低剂量丁酸梭菌组(LCB组)和高剂量丁酸梭菌组(HCB组),每组5只。CL组只做腹腔打开手术,其余3组肾动脉结扎制作CRF模型。造模成功后,LCB组和HCB组分别按每天0.5、1.0 g/kg BW的剂量灌喂丁酸梭菌,进行为期4周的干预。检测血清和粪便尿素氮(UN)、肌酐(Cr)和硫酸吲哚酚(IS)含量,并对肠道菌群16S rDNA进行高通量测序。结果表明:1)试验结束时(第4周),LCB组和HCB组的血清UN、Cr和IS含量极显著低于MD组(P<0.01),但极显著高于CL组(P<0.01);与LCB组比较,HCB组的血清UN、IS含量显著降低(P<0.05),血清Cr含量极显著降低(P<0.01)。试验结束时,HCB组的粪便UN、Cr含量均显著低于MD组(P<0.05),CL组的粪便UN、Cr含量均显著低于MD组、LCB组和HCB组(P<0.05)。2)饲喂丁酸梭菌均降低CRF犬肠道菌群的α多样性,HCB组的Chao1指数、Shannon指数显著低于MD组(P<0.05)。主坐标分析(PCoA)结果显示4组样本间发生明显聚类。3)在门水平上,MD组的肠道放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)的相对丰度显著高于CL组(P<0.05),LCB组和HCB组的肠道Actinobacteria、Proteobacteria的相对丰度均显著低于MD组(P<0.05);在属水平上,饲喂丁酸梭菌可降低CRF犬肠道变形杆菌属(Proteus)、埃希氏菌属(Esche-richia)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)、普氏菌属(Prevotella)、放线菌属(Actinomyces)和涅斯捷连科氏菌属(Nesterenkonia)的相对丰度。LEfSe分析发现,CRF犬肠道菌群有19个具有差异的生物标志物,主要集中于Actinobacteria、Proteobacteria,饲喂丁酸梭菌可减少CRF犬生物标志物的差异。4)Spearman相关性分析显示,血清UN、Cr和IS含量与Enterobacter、Proteus和Escherichia相对丰度存在较强的正相关关系,与乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium)相对丰度存在较强的负相关关系。由此可见,CRF犬肠道菌群紊乱与血清小分子尿毒素含量之间存在相关性,丁酸梭菌可通过调节CRF犬肠道菌群结构,促进血清小分子尿毒素的清除,以每天1.0 g/kg BW添加量为宜。     

Effect of Desmopresssin in Normal Dogs and Dogs with von Willebrand's Disease

Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP(R)), a synthetic analogue of vasopressin was slowly administered intravenously to 12 healthy dogs of various breeds and 10 Doberman Pinschers with mild-to-moderate type I von Willebrand's disease at a dose of 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 micro g/kg body weight. Plasma von Willebrand factor:antigen was measured by an electroimmunoassay prior to and 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes after desmopressin infusion. Desmopressin induced only very modest and statistically insignificant increases in von Willebrand factor in both groups. We conclude that the response to desmopressin as measured by circulating von Willebrand factor is much less pronounced in healthy dogs and in Doberman Pinschers with von Willebrand's disease than in humans.     

The Long-term Biological Variability of Fasting Plasma Glucose and Serum Fructosamine in Healthy Beagle Dogs

The aim of this study was to estimate the long-term (month-to-month) between-dog, within-dog and analytical components of variance for fasting plasma glucose and serum fructosamine in healthy dogs to assess the usefulness of a single measurement of these analytes in a single dog.Fasting plasma glucose and serum fructosamine were measured in blood samples collected every month for 9 months from 23 clinically healthy dogs, and the results were subjected to nested analysis of variance. The between-dog variation, the within-dog variation, and the analytical variation were 3.8%, 9.5% and 3.7%, respectively, for plasma glucose and 4.2%, 11.1% and 2.8%, respectively, for serum fructosamine.The maximum allowable analytical imprecision, analytical inaccuracy and difference between analytical methods were 4.8%, 2.6% and 3.2%, respectively, for plasma glucose and 5.6%, 3.0% and 3.7%, respectively, for serum fructosamine.The index of individuality, 2.7 for both analytes, indicated that the test results from single dogs can be compared usefully to the corresponding population-based reference intervals.The number of samples required to estimate the true individual mean value ±5% for a single dog was 16 for fasting plasma glucose and 20 for serum fructosamine.The one- and two-sided critical differences expressing the difference needed for two serial results from the same dog to be significantly different at a 5% level was 24% and 28%, respectively, for plasma glucose and 27% and 32%, respectively, for serum fructosamine.     

Comparison of Serum Zinc Levels in Healthy, Systemically Ill and Dermatologically Diseased Dogs

Abstract— Decreased levels of total body zinc can lead to profound effects on both the immune and integumentary systems. Unfortunately, accurate measurements of total body zinc are difficult because the mineral is ubiquitous in the environment and many endogenous and exogenous factors can falsely elevate or depress measurements. In man, various dermatologic and non-dermatologic diseases have been associated with low serum zinc levels. The objective of this study was to analyse by atomic absorption and compare the serum zinc levels of healthy dogs, dogs with non-dermatologic diseases, dogs with allergic skin diseases and dogs with other dermatologic diseases. Using the Student-Newman-Keuls test, no significant differences in the mean serum zinc levels were demonstrated among any of the four groups (P > 0.05). Résumé— Une diminution des taux zinc total dans le corps peut avoir de profondes répercussions sur la réponse immunitaire et les systèmes tégumentaires. Malheureusement, La mesure du taux global de zinc corporel ets difficile car ce miniral est ubiquitaire dans l'environnement et de nombreux facteurs endogènes ou exogènes peuvent élever ou diminuer de façon erronnée les dosages. Chez l'homme, quelques maladies, dermatologiques ou non, ont été associées à des zincémies faibles, objectif de cette étude était d'analyser par absorptio atomique et comparer les zincémies plasmatiques de chiens sains, atteints de maladies générales et de maladies cutanées. En utilisant le test de Student-Newman-Keuls, aucune difference significative n'a été retrouvée entre les 4 groupes (P > 0.05). Resumen Niveles bajos de zinc pueden conducir a profundos efectos en tanto el sistema inmunitario, como en el integumentario. Desafortunadamente la medida de la cantidad total de zinc en el organismo es compleja debido a la ubicuidad del mineral en el medio ambiente, y a la gran cantidad de factores endógenos y exógenos que pueden producir medidas falsas del mismo. En medicina humana se han asociado varias enfermedades dermatólogicas y sistémicas con bajos niveles de zinc. El objetivo de éste estudio es el análisis por medio del método de absorción atómica y la comparación de los niveles de zinc en el suero de perros sanos, perros con enfermedades de tipo general, perros con enfermedades de piel de tipo alérgico, y perros que presentaban enfermedades cutáneas de tipo no alérgico. Utilizando el test de Student-Newman-Keuls no se encontraron diferencias significativas en la cantidad media de zinc en suero delos cuatro grupos (P > 0.05).     

饲喂25羟基维生素D3和维生素D3对不同阶段荷斯坦种公牛冻精品质和营养物质表观消化率的影响

本试验对比研究25羟基维生素D3(25VD3)和维生素D3对青年和成年荷斯坦种公牛的冻精品质和抗氧化能力及钙、磷、镁代谢和营养物质表观消化率的影响.本试验采用2×2双因素试验设计(不同形式维生素D3和不同阶段种公牛),不同形式维生素D3分别为25VD3和维生素D3,不同阶段种公牛分别为16头平均30月龄成年荷斯坦种公牛...     

宠物犬弓形虫病诊疗措施

弓形虫病属于一种分布范围非常广泛的人畜共患原虫病,幼犬、猫的发病率比较高。弓形虫宿主非常广泛,目前国内对弓形虫病的研究以家禽为主要研究对象,针对宠物犬弓形虫病诊疗及流行病学进行探讨对人类健康也有积极意义。     

育成期雄性幼貉日粮适宜蛋白质和能量水平的研究

选用健康乌苏里幼公貉63只,随机分为7组(每组9只)。1～4组用以探讨适宜蛋白质水平,其蛋白质水平分别为31.54%、36.39%,40.37%和43.53%;5-7组用以探讨适宜能量水平,其能量水平分别为19589.78,21860.94和22600.04k J/kg。试验分育成前期和冬毛生长期两个阶段进行,饲喂同一营养水平的日粮。结果表明,育成前期饲喂蛋白质水平为36.39%的日粮,可获得理想的体重、体长及经济效益。 冬毛生长期,日粮蛋白质水平在31.54%～43.53%范围内,对幼貉的体重和体长无显著影响。育成期以饲喂能量水平为21860.94～22600.04 k J/kg的日粮为宜。育成前期适宜的蛋能比为16.1～16.6,冬毛生长期为14.0～14.4。     

The Pharmacokinetics of a Long-acting Oxytetracycline Formulation in Healthy Dogs and in Dogs Infected with Ehrlichia canis

The pharmacokinetic properties of oxytetracycline were studied following a single injection of a long-acting formulation (20 mg/kg body weight) into the semimembranosus muscle of healthy dogs and of dogs that had been experimentally infected with Ehrlichia canis. The disposition curves of the long-acting oxytetracycline formulation before and after infection were best described by a bi-exponential decline after a first-order absorption. The mean maximum serum concentration (C _max) following infection was significantly lower and the time taken to attain this concentration (t _max) was significantly shorter than that in the healthy dogs. The mean apparent elimination half-life (t _1/2) was significantly increased following infection. The corresponding rate constant () was significantly decreased. The absorption half-life (t _1/2ab) was significantly decreased after infection. The volume of distribution at steady state (V _dss) increased significantly following infection. It was concluded that the pharmacokinetic behaviour of a long-acting oxytetracycline in dogs after intramuscular administration is characterized by a two-compartment model with a slow elimination phase. This could be due to flip-flop kinetics. The febrile reaction in experimental E. canis infection affected some pharmacokinetic parameters of oxytetracycline.     

Serum concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in clinically normal dogs and dogs with acute and chronic renal failure

OBJECTIVE: To compare serum concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-[OH]2D3) and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-[OH]D3) in healthy control dogs and dogs with naturally occurring acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF). ANIMALS: 24 control dogs, 10 dogs with ARF, and 40 dogs with CRF. PROCEDURE: Serum concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D3 were measured by use of a quantitative radioimmunoassay, and serum concentrations of 25-(OH)D3 were measured by use of a protein-binding assay. RESULTS: Mean +/- SD serum concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D3 was 153 +/- 50 pmol/L in control dogs, 75 +/- 25 pmol/L in dogs with ARF, and 93 +/- 67 pmol/L in dogs with CRF. The concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D3 did not differ significantly between dogs with ARF and those with CRF and was in the reference range in most dogs; however, the concentration was significantly lower in dogs with ARF or CRF, compared with the concentration in control dogs. Mean +/- SD concentration of 25-(OH)D3 was 267 +/- 97 nmol/L in control dogs, 130 +/- 82 nmol/L in dogs with ARF, and 84 +/- 60 nmol/L in dogs with CRF. The concentration of 25-(OH)D3 was significantly lower in dogs with ARF or CRF, compared with the concentration in control dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D3 was within the reference range in most dogs with renal failure. Increased serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone indicated a relative deficiency of 1,25-(OH)2D3. A decrease in the serum concentration of 25-(OH)D3 in dogs with CRF appeared to be attributable to reduced intake and increased urinary loss.     

小型观赏犬产后痉挛的诊断与治疗

根据临床病例治疗经验,论文对小型观赏犬产后痉挛的病因、临床症状、诊断和治疗进行了阐述,为该病在兽医临床中的诊疗提供参考依据.     

雅安市犬体表真菌的分离培养与菌群调查

通过对雅安市犬被毛真菌的分离与鉴定,调查真菌在该地区犬的分布状况,为临床诊疗犬皮肤病提供参考.从无皮肤病临表现的犬体表采用分点采毛法,分别从50只健康犬的4个部位采集毛样,进行真菌的分离培养.结果表明,供试犬的真菌检出率为100％.在全部200份被毛样本中,共分离到真菌241株;未检出真菌的样本11份,占样本总数的5.5％.在分离菌株中,曲霉属40.7％ (77/189)、毛癣菌属22.2％(42/189)和毛孢子菌属11.10％ (21/189).腹部分离的真菌数最高31.5％,其次为四肢内侧22.8％,头部16.5％,背部10.7％.     

犬猫剖腹产手术的操作程序及体会

犬、猫难产是动物门诊较为常见的犬猫疾病之一,随着社会发展,看厂(场)护院的大型犬、家庭饲养的宠物犬猫不断增多,因缺乏科学的饲养管理,犬猫因难产施行剖腹产手术的越来越多。笔者就近几年来西北农林科技大学动物医院犬猫剖腹产手术共98例,其中犬66例,猫32例,成功93例(其中犬63例,猫30例,成功率94.90%)。现就犬猫剖腹产手术的适应症、操作程序(手术术式和术后护理)及手术体会进行分述,供同行参考。     

25羟基维生素D3的生理功能及其在动物生产中的应用

25羟基维生素D3即25羟基胆钙化醇,是维生素D3经肝脏羟化的代谢产物。25羟基维生素D3是维生素D在血液循环中存在的重要形式,其主要作用是调节钙、磷的吸收代谢,在家畜骨骼健康和繁殖性能等方面的价值尤为突出。本文综述了25羟基维生素D3的合成代谢途径、吸收优势和生理功能及其在动物生产中的应用,并提出值得继续研究的方向和内容。     

电针犬后三里穴治疗脾虚泄泻证对其生理指标的影响

为验证采用电针犬后三里穴治疗脾虚泄泻证的疗效及探讨其机理。首先,用番泻叶浸剂复制犬脾虚泄泻证病理模型,然后,电针后三里穴,通过测定犬生理常数、血液指标及血浆中丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化,验证其疗效。结果表明,电针犬后三里穴治疗脾虚泄泻证,可以影响脉搏、白细胞数量和血红蛋白含量,降低患犬体温,降低血浆中MDA含量。说明采用电针犬后三里穴治疗脾虚泄泻证效果较明显。     

25-羟基维生素D_3和复合酶制剂对肉鸡生长性能和屠宰性能的影响

试验选用1日龄正大艾维茵肉鸡480只,随机分成4个处理组,每个处理6个重复,每个重复20只鸡(公母各半)。参照肉鸡饲养标准,按照1～3周龄、4～5周龄和6周龄阶段配置基础饲粮。处理1饲喂基础日粮(对照组),处理2在基础日粮的基础上添加69mg/t的25-羟基维生素D_3,处理3在基础日粮的基础上添加750U/kg的复合酶制剂,处理4在基础日粮的基础上同时添加69mg/t的25-羟基维生素D_3和750U/kg的复合酶制剂。试验结果表明:①单独添加复合酶制剂,降低了4～5周龄时的日采食量和6周龄时的料重比(P>0.05);在其他方面与对照组相比差异均不显著(P>0.05)。②单独添加25-羟基维生素D_3,在生产性能、屠宰指标方面虽然有部分高于对照组,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。③同时添加69mg/t的25-羟基维生素D_3和750U/kg的复合酶制剂,生产性能方面与对照组相比差异均不显著,但表现出提高的趋势(P>0.05);屠宰性能方面,使屠宰率和腹脂率显著降低(P<0.05),但使全净膛率显著提高(P<0.05)。     

Serum amylase and isoamylase values in dogs with pancreatic disease

Serum amylase and isoamylase values were determined in three groups of dogs. The first group contained control dogs while the other groups contained dogs with confirmed exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and diabetes mellitus respectively. The trypsin-like immunoreactivity test was also carried out on sera from dogs with exocrine pancreatic disease (EPI). A significant difference was detected in the serum amylase values between the three groups which may be of limited diagnostic value. Dogs with EPI had values lower than normal while those with diabetes mellitus had values higher than control dogs. No evidence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was found in dogs with diabetes mellitus.     

Pancreatic Degenerative Atrophy and Chronic Pancreatitis in Dogs a Comparative Study of 60 Cases

During the years 1977–1980 60 cases of non-neoplastic chronic exocrine pancreatic disease in dogs were investigated clinically and pathologically. The disorders were clinically divided into pancreatic degenerative atrophy (PDA) and chronic pancreatitis. Fifty dogs had PDA and 45 of them were German shepherd dogs. The PDA cases formed both clinically and pathologically a homogeneous group except for 1 case. All the dogs had maldigestion and protease activity was absent from the faeces. General inanition and highly atrophic pancreas were the most typical macroscopic findings. Histologically the exocrine pancreas contained atypical acinar tissue and mononuclear cell infiltrations. Five of the dogs died spontaneously, 4 of them had intestinal torsion and 1 had paralytic ileus.There were 10 dogs with chronic pancreatitis. This group was rather heterogeneous both clinically and pathologically. The pancreas was slightly enlarged and the consistency was firm. The histologic picture was one of fibrous tissue proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltrations in the interstitium. The dogs nutritional state as well as faecal protease activity were normal.