不同来源的小豆品种在中泰之间的遗传差异与聚类分析

通过对来自中国北部、中部和南部不同纬度地区的114个小豆品种在江苏南京和泰国农业大学的农艺性状进行研究。研究结果表明：与栽培在江苏相比，小豆品种在泰国热带地区表现为株高降低、生育期缩短，百粒重、每荚粒数、和单株产量均有所降低，但分枝数和每荚粒数变化不大。从不同来源的群体来看，来自中国北部的品种的农艺性状在泰国的变异系数大于中部品种，而南部品种引种至泰国后农艺性状的变异系数最小。通过对产量因子的相关分析表明，单株荚数对产量的相关系数最大（0．75）。而其它性状如分枝数（0．30）和每荚粒数（0．21）与产量的相关系数不大，而百粒重（0．07）对产量的相关系数最小。聚类分析的结果表明，以上114个小豆品种可划分为中国北部1、中国北部2、中部、南部4个大类。显示了北部品种之间有较大的遗传差异。     

不同含油量甘蓝型油菜品种（系）的遗传差异分析

用SSR、SRAP和EST标记对40份含油量在43%以上和6份含油量在40%以下的甘蓝型油菜品种（系）进行含油量的遗传多样性分析。81对引物共扩增出192条多态性带,引物扩增位点多态性信息（PIC）值的变化范围为0.122～0.943,平均值为0.512。供试材料的平均遗传距离为0.409,变化范围为0.016～0.662,国外材料比国内材料显示出更远的亲缘关系,其中Hektor与7份材料间的遗传距离超过0.6,Sollux与15份材料间的遗传距离超过0.5。聚类分析显示：在相似系数为0.66处,供试材料被划分为5类;在相似系数为0.70处,供试材料被划分为9类;在相似系数为0.73处,46份材料被划分为18类。研究结果表明,高含油量供试品种间存在着较大的遗传差异,暗示它们可能含有不同的增加含油量的位点;通过聚合这些可能的非等位高含油量位点,有望获得高含油量的油菜品种。     

小麦品种抗寒性遗传差异探讨

选用8个不同种性的小麦品种,测定了7个生理指标。经统计计算,品种抗寒性的首要差异体现在束缚水/自由水之比。可溶性蛋白质和RNA含量这三个生理指标上。不同种性品种间的抗寒性遗传差异较大。     

杂交早稻亲本遗传差异及其与杂种优势的关系

以４个不育系、７个恢复系及其配制的２８个杂交早稻组合为材料,根据８个农艺性状进行主成分和聚类分析,研究了杂交早稻亲本间的遗传差异状况及其与杂种优势的关系。结果表明,１１个亲本间的平均遗传距离为５．９２６８,最大为１９．２５２７,最小为０．３４８９;不育系内和恢复系内各亲本之间存在一定的遗传差异,且保持系内的遗传差异显著大于恢复系内的遗传差异,但两者与保持系与恢复系间的遗传差异没有明显的不同。相关分析表明,亲本间的遗传距离与杂种优势及杂种产量关系不密切。     

草菇菌株的ISSR遗传差异分析

为了借助分子标记手段对草菇菌株进行鉴别,利用筛选出的9个ISSR引物,对17个草菇菌株基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,对草菇菌株的ISSR遗传差异进行分析。结果显示,ISSR-PCR共扩增出81条清晰的DNA片段,其大小介于200～2 000 bp,其中多态性片段61条。DNA指纹图谱分析结果表明,所有供试草菇菌株间的DNA指纹均存在差异,各菌株间的遗传相似系数在0.63～0.95之间。聚类分析结果表明,17个草菇菌株在遗传相似系数为0.74处可分成5个组群,草菇V11、V23和V365与其它菌株的遗传距离最远。来自同一菌株的2个分离物V26-1和V26-2归在同一组内,且遗传相似系数达0.93。研究结果表明,ISSR分子标记技术可作为草菇菌株鉴别的有效辅助手段。     

半冬性小麦品种资源遗传距离及聚类分析

本文对来自全国６个省份的２５个优异小麦品种资源的６个差异显著的性状进行主成份分析，选取其累积贡献率大于８５％的抽穗期，株高和穗长前三个特征根和特征向量，并分别计算２５个材料的三个主成份值和各品种间的遗传距离，根据其遗传距离进行系统聚类，把２５个材料分为四个类型，１５组。     

半冬性小麦品种资源遗传距离及聚类分析

本文对来自全国６个省份的２５个优异小麦品种资源的６个差异显著的性状进行主成份分析，选取其累积贡献率大于８５％的抽穗期、株高和穗长前三个特征根和特征向量，并分别计算２５个材料的三个主成份值和各品种间的遗传距离，根据其遗传距离进行系统聚类，把２５个材料分为四个类型，１５组。     

不同芥蓝品种硝酸盐含量的差异及聚类分析

在水培条件下研究27个芥蓝品种的生物量及硝酸盐含量.结果表明,芥蓝的生物量与成熟期成显著的正相关性,晚熟品种的生物量大,早熟品种的生物量较小.芥蓝不同品种间硝酸盐含量差异显著,薹茎和叶片都易积累硝酸盐,总体上薹茎硝酸盐含量高于叶片.聚类分析将27个芥蓝品种划分为硝酸盐含量低、中、高3个类群,硝酸盐含量低的类群(9个品种)生物量小,硝酸盐含量高的类群(5个品种)生物量大,硝酸盐含量中等的类群(13个品种)生物量中等.芥蓝丰富的硝酸盐积累类型及其与生物量的密切相关性,为低硝酸盐品种选育及分子机理研究奠定了基础.     

黑龙江省不同年代主栽春小麦品种的遗传多样性分析

为了从分子水平探讨黑龙江省春小麦种质资源的遗传多样性,对黑龙江省34份不同年代主栽春小麦品种进行SSR标记分析,计算遗传相似系数(GS)和位点多态性信息含量(PIC),并利用SSR标记的数据结果对供试品种进行聚类分析.14对SSR引物共扩增出73个等位变异,平均每对引物扩增出5.2个等位变异.遗传相似系数的变化范围为0.32～0.88,总体平均值为0.64.位点多态性信息含量(PIC)变幅为0.16～0.87,平均0.56.聚类分析表明,SSR标记将34个品种相互区分开并分为五大类,分类结果与品种系谱比较吻合.据此认为,SSR标记揭示出黑龙江省主栽小麦品种具有较高的遗传多样性.     

我国部分优质小麦品种遗传差异的SSR标记分析

为了解我国优质小麦的遗传多样性,利用108对SSR引物对36个优质小麦品种和12个来自不同生态区的普通品种进行了遗传差异分析和比较研究.结果表明,108对引物共扩增出705个等位位点,平均每个位点有6.53个等位变异,其中B染色体组位点的等位变异最多.全部48个品种的聚类结果、36个优质小麦品种的聚类结果及根据Ⅰ和Ⅳ部分同源群聚类的结果均相似,聚类结果和品种的系谱来源及地域相吻合.比较了4种有代表性的双核苷酸重复基序(CT)n、(GA)n、(GT)n、(CA)n的等位位点数目,发现小麦中这4种双核苷酸重复基序的顺序为(CT)n>(GA)n>(GT)n>(CA)n.     

模糊聚类在红花生态型分类上的应用初探

对光、温具有不同反应的89份红花材料，连续两年在三个不同气候条件的试验点(乌鲁木齐、昆明、云南元谋)种植，以其莲座期为分类指标，利用电子计算机进行模糊聚类。根据聚类图，当λ取2-16时划分为4大类。各类之间通过莲座期的长短与其对光、温的敏感性有着明显的区别。本研究从生态型方面进行了分类，为选育高产及适应性好的品种提供了依据。     

大豆抗孢囊线虫病新品种选育及遗传机制研究

以辽豆１０号（感病）为母本,Ｆｒａｎｋｌｉｎｇ（抗病）为父本进行有性杂交,经过５年挖根鉴定和移栽选选择,选育出在疫区比对照品种增产２５％以上、高抗１号、３号上种品系各５个。遗传分析表明,在辽豆１０遗传背景下,北京小黑豆对３号生理小种的抗性是由１个显笥基因和２个隐性基因控制的。生理小种鉴定结果,辽宁有１号和３号两个生理小种,吉林有１号、３号和５号三个生理小种。     

The effect of variety and fertilizer nitrogen level on red clover production

Established swards of two diploid and two tetraploid red clover varieties sown pure received 0, 75, 150, 225 or 300 kg ha^?1 N fertilizer and were cut three times in June, August and October 1971. The total yields of herbage DM for red clover varieties ranged from 8.01 to 11.32 t ha^?1; swards sown with tetraploids Hungaropoly and Hera Pajbjerg were superior by 25% in DM yield and 23% in CP yield. The red clover contribution to these total yields of DM ranged from 6.05 to 10.69 t ha^?1; tetraploid clovers outyielded diploids by 42% in DM yield and 39% in CP yield. The mean effect of N level on yield and on compositional attributes was slight. Total yields of herbage DM, averaged over all varieties, ranged from 9.50 to 10.22 t ha^?1 and of total herbage CP from 1.76 to 1.91 t ha^?1. The influence of N level on the red clover contribution was negligible. DM yields ranged from 8.54 to 8.72 t ha^?1 and CP yields from 1.60 to 1.64 t ha^?1. Superiority of tetraploid clovers over diploids was again confirmed. Red clover swards sown pure can give high yields without the application of fertilizer N.     

Determining the spirit yield of wheat varieties and variety mixtures

Four winter wheat varieties and the four possible three-component mixtures derived from them were included in a trial in Scotland. The site produced low grain protein levels and there were significant yield and specific weight differences between varieties. The variety Deben significantly out-yielded the varieties Claire and Riband, both with and without fungicide treatment, but produced grain with significantly lower spirit yield than Claire. Protein contents and thousand corn weights were good predictors of spirit yield in a reference population of wheat samples, but thousand corn weights did not correlate with spirit yield in the trial, as Claire combined small grain with high spirit yield. The relationship between protein and spirit yield was shown to change at lower protein levels and to differ between varieties. Reduction in spirit yield as protein increased was greater in Deben than in a better distilling variety like Consort. A rapid means of predicting spirit yield, based on small-scale measurement of hot water extract and protein content, was devised and a good association between predicted and measured spirit yield was observed in both the reference population and the trial. Mixtures containing cvs. Claire and Deben did not demonstrate the adverse effects on yield and spirit yield observed, respectively, for these varieties, and a mixture comprising cvs. Claire, Consort and Deben significantly out-yielded Claire and gave higher spirit yields than Deben. These benefits, together with the potential yield stability and disease reduction characteristics of wheat mixtures, make them a viable commercial option for distilling.     

粳稻株型性状特征及品种聚类研究

以64份粳稻品种为试材,对粳稻品种若干株型性状进行了分析。结果显示,粳稻品种间株型性状差异较大、变异范围较广,粳稻品种类型较为丰富。叶长因子、株高因子、穗长因子及其组合是影响粳稻株型特征表现的最主要因子,因此,粳稻株型改良应注重这几个性状的综合改良。64份粳稻品种可大致划分为8个类群,这为粳稻品种株型改良中亲本选择提供了依据。     

The genetic diversity of perennial Leymus chinensis originating from China

Leymus chinensis is an economically and ecologically important grass that is widely distributed across eastern areas of the Eurasian steppe. A better knowledge of genetic diversity of L. chinensis could be valuable in the efficient utilization, conservation and management of germplasm collections. Genetic diversity in thirty‐seven morphological characters of 293 accessions was assessed in three successive years. Based on these qualitative and quantitative characters, the genetic diversity indices (Shannon indices) of traits and geographical populations were estimated, and a principal coordinates analysis and a path analysis were undertaken. Compared with the yellow‐green type of L. chinensis, the grey‐green type had significantly (P < 0·05) more genetic diversity. In addition, the path analysis suggested that the combined effects of genetic diversity and vegetative traits could explain 0·206 of the total variance in plant reproductive traits. The highest Shannon genetic diversity index of accessions (H = 2·252) was observed in accessions from the region of longitude of 124–128°E, suggesting the most abundant germplasm of L. chinensis in this region.     

Removal of mineral nutrients by red clover varieties

K, P, Ca and Mg contents and uptakes are reported from total herbage of plots sown with six varieties of red clover harvested three times a year for 3 years. K, P and Mg contents were above those reported as critical for growth; values for Ca were lower than quoted ranges which suggested that growth might have been affected by either deficiency of Ca or low pH. Hungaropoly was characterized by relatively low K and P and high Ca contents. Maximum uptakes in red clover total herbages over 3 years were 1198 kg ha^?1 K (Hera), 112 kg ha^?1 P (Hera), 494 kg ha^?1 Ca (Hungaropoly) and 104 kg ha^?1 Mg (Mars). Results were compared with those found for S101 perennial ryegrass, harvested on a similar system and receiving similar fertilization with uptakes of 759 kg ha^?1 K, 100 kg ha^?1 P, 200 kg ha^?1 Ca and 46 kg ha^?1 Mg, by expressing accumulating uptakes and inputs as linear regression equations. The better varieties of red clover, Hera, Hungaropoly, Mars and S123 show rates of DM accumulation similar to S101 perennial ryegrass and similar uptake rates of K and P but higher rates of uptake of Ca and Mg. The levels of application of K and P used in the experiment seem to be more than adequate but attention to the Ca status may be required to sustain high-yielding red clover swards.     

Reaction of red kidney bean to potato virus S

Summary Potato virus S produced minute local lesions on Red Kidney bean 5 days after inoculation. The number of lesions depended on the virus isolate.     

龙岩状元豆特征特性及高产栽培技术

状元豆,又名荷包豆、皇帝豆,其学名为“菜豆”,龙岩状元豆是新罗区地方品种。风味独特,具有丰富的营养成分,而且有利尿化湿、健脾等作用,是一种深受国内外消费者青睐的豆类保健蔬菜。     

Composition and secondary structure of proteins isolated from six different quinoa varieties from China

Due to its high nutritional value, quinoa has recently been attracting worldwide attention. The composition and secondary structure of proteins isolated from quinoa varieties from other countries have been determined, but proteins from Chinese quinoa varieties have not been described. The aim of this research was to determine the composition and secondary structure of proteins isolated from six different quinoa varieties from China. In all varieties, the protein content was 69.62–73.14%. The fat content and ash content were all less than 2%. The starch content was 20.67–23.12%. The amino acid composition and secondary structures of quinoa protein isolates (QPIs) purified from six Chinese quinoa varieties were investigated by using a combination of amino acid analysis, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results revealed that QPIs, with molecular weights ranging from 10.0 kDa to 50.0 kDa, were rich in essential amino acids. In addition, glutamic acid was the most abundant amino acid found in the quinoa protein isolates. The remaining amino acid contents were balanced, except for tryptophan. The secondary structures of QPIs have been quantified by the deconvolution of the amide I band of the FTIR spectrum of QPIs. The main secondary structure in quinoa isolate protein was the β-sheet (from 30.86% to 36.88%). These results will be promising guides for the use of QPIs in food processing and additives.