杨树伐桩嫁接技术及优越性研究

本文通过对杨树伐桩嫁接技术及优越性描述,提出该项技术是大面积杨树低效林改造的一条快捷有效的新途径,建议推广应用。     

赤峰地区杨树人工林碳储量研究

以赤峰市杨树人工林为研究对象,对不同立地、不同林龄、不同林种杨树生物量、碳储量进行研究,结果表明:杨树人工林生物量随着树龄、胸径、树高的增长而增加,各个器官的生物量也不相同,干的生物量最大,叶的生物量最小,生物量依次顺序为:干根枝叶。树干的平均碳含量最大,为471.00 g/kg,根为461.14 g/kg,枝为468.00 g/kg,叶最小,为446.20 g/kg,不同器官的含碳率大小排序为树干树根树枝树叶。杨树人工林胸径与单株碳储量,树高、胸径与生物量、单株碳储量模型均符合乘幂模型,模型拟合率均大于80%。杨树人工林乔木层平均碳储量为37.783 t/hm2,赤峰地区杨树人工林乔木层碳储总量为26 539 627.38 t。     

中国杨树生物量和碳储量研究进展

本文总结了中国近20年来有关杨树生物量产量、生物量增长模型、生物量测定、生物量与林分密度,以及杨树碳储量方面的研究进展。对研究方面存在的问题进行了讨论,并提出提高杨树生物量的一些建议和措施。     

杨树伐根嫁接新疆杨试验

文章选择低产林白城杨的伐根作砧木,新疆杨作接穗,依据细胞再生原理,进行插皮法嫁接。该法造林可解决杨树主伐更新换代问题和低产林改造问题。通过砧木处理、削接穗、嫁接、培土和田间管理等技术措施,寻求杨树速生丰产的办法,挖掘增加森林资源的潜力,提早发挥森林的三大效益。试验结果显示:该法造林具有投资省、适应性强、成活率高、抗逆性强、生长量大、效益高等特点,达到了预计的目标,收到了良好的效果。     

杨树丰产林伐桩嫁接技术研究

针对山西省北部大面积杨树成过熟林分亟需更新改造的现状,提出了改造的新模式。确定杨树良种＂中金杨＂和白杨派新品种为换代品种。在伐桩嫁接更新改造中采用湿土堆埋法,再进行塑料薄膜覆盖,可缩短出苗期,提高当年高生长量和胸径生长量,减少除萌次数,成活率达到91%以上;成活植株产生自生根系,嫁接3 a留有自生根4条～7条,根径1.2 cm～2.4 cm,生长正常。＂中金杨＂和白杨派新品种树高和胸径的4龄指标均超过三根二干＂中金杨＂植生苗和萌生苗的生长量。     

浅谈杨树伐根嫁接技术

文章论述了杨树伐根嫁接及管理技术。     

国内杨树伐根嫁接技术研究进展

杨树伐根嫁接是杨树防护林、速生丰产林及虫毁林等林分更新改造中一项切实可行的应用技术。在有关文献及前期研究的基础上对我国杨树伐根嫁接技术进行了总结和评述,旨在为今后有关研究和生产提供依据。     

连栽杨树人工林碳储量变化

为研究连栽杨树人工林林木和土壤碳储量变化规律,了解杨树人工林碳汇能力,笔者对江汉平原1代和2代杨树人工林的林木生物量和碳储量、土壤碳含量和碳储量进行了测定,结果表明：1代和2代杨树人工林林木碳储量分别为30.83 t/hm2和24.63 t/hm2;土壤碳储量（0～20 cm）分别为39.29 t/hm2和29.09 ...     

伐根嫁接更新改造杨树低效林效益分析

杨树在我国分布广范,在生态建设中发挥了重要作用,但由于自然灾害、品种退化、更新不及时等原因,造成杨树低效林在全国尤其是三北地区普遍存在。杨树伐根嫁接具有经济、节水、环保的优点,是杨树低效林更新的优选方法。分析伐根嫁接林地的生产力、经济效益、生态效益和社会效益,明确伐根嫁接更新造林优势,可带动并加快衰老低效杨树防护林更新改造速度,提高林地效益。     

杨树伐根嫁接亲和力研究

以小美旱杨为砧木,选择了9个杨树品种作接穗进行伐根嫁接,研究了伐桩与接穗的亲和力。结果表明:以小美旱杨为伐桩,嫁接038杨,中林46杨,107杨,108杨,埃瑞达诺110杨,中林2001杨,中林2025杨和转基因杨的伐桩成活率均高于97.8%,第4年伐桩保存率均高于92.8%,可以满足林业生产的需要,表现出良好的亲和力。     

毛竹伐蔸根系养分含量、抗氧化能力与伐后年数的关系

【目的】揭示毛竹伐蔸根系养分含量和抗氧化能力的年际变化规律,为毛竹林伐蔸促腐技术研究提供理论参考。【方法】以6年生活立竹的蔸根为对照,分析比较了笋材两用毛竹林伐后2 a、4 a、6 a的伐蔸根系C、N、P、丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性蛋白质含量和根系活力、抗氧化酶活性。【结果】表明随着毛竹立竹伐后年限的增加,伐蔸根系的细胞膜脂过氧化程度提高,渗透调节能力降低,根系活力明显降低,抗氧化能力逐渐下降。但毛竹立竹伐后,甚至伐后6 a时,伐蔸根系仍有较强的生理活性和生长更新能力,具有较高的C、N、P含量,尤其是C含量明显提高,主要养分化学计量比产生适应性调节,N/P相对稳定,C/N、C/P趋于升高。【结论】毛竹伐后6 a,蔸根仍具有较强的养分吸收能力,也能通过与竹鞭的联系从活立竹转运利用有机C,这是毛竹伐蔸难以腐解的重要机制。     

降香黄檀嫁接技术研究

Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen is one of the two most precious tree species naturally distributed in China. The grafting techniques of D. odorifera were studied through comparing grafting methods, grafting seasons, rootstock grades as well as scion buds. The results showed that both "scarf joint grafting" and traditional cleft grafting were feasible for stem grafting. The two-bud "scarf joint grafting" got the best survival rate, while the cleft grafting was easy to operate. The best grafting seasons varied in the light of climate. In the warm southwest of Hainan island, the best grafting season was winter when the survival rate could achieve as high as 99.1%. While in Guangzhou, the best grafting season was the end of fall, and the corresponding survival rate was 94.6%. The quality of rootstock as well as scion bud affected the growth of scion bud directly. The growth of grade I buds/grade I rootstocks were 17 times that of grade III buds/grade III rootstocks. The study was beneficial for the preservation of high quality germplasm resources as well as for clone grafting of D. odorifera.     

祁连山国家公园青海片区森林植被碳储量与碳汇价值研究

采用祁连山国家公园青海片区2017年的林地变更数据,乔木林和疏林地采用IPCC法,灌木林采用缺省值法,研究了祁连山国家公园青海片区森林植被的生物量、碳储量和碳汇价值.结果表明:①祁连山国家公园青海片区森林植被总生物量为339.71万t,总碳储量为170.23万t,单位面积生物量为19.73 t·hm-2,碳密度为9.8...     

农田防护林树种中林46杨不同器官碳含量的研究

Carbon partition in plants is one of the key points for carbon cycle research. In order to estimate the carbon storage of shelterbelts in plain areas of China accurately, the method of biomass inventory was used to study the individual biomass, organ carbon storage and partition in different organs of 8, 10, 13 and 16 year-old poplar shelterbelts in Yuncheng, Shandong Province. The results indicated that the biomass of different poplar organs followed the pattern of trunk>branch>root>leaf, and the biomass of trunk and branch accounted for about 80% of the total. The carbon concentration of the different organs followed leaf>branch >trunk >root. The carbon concentration of different organs ranged between 43.51% and 70.49%. The carbon concentration of the four age groups’ shelterbelts were higher than 50%, which was slightly higher than the average carbon concentration of poplar in Northern China(48.80%). The variation coefficient of carbon concentration was the smallest for leaf, and the largest for root. As for the difference of carbon concentration, it was significant among different organs for all the four age groups, and not significant among the whole trees for the four age groups. The carbon storage was closely related to its biomass for all tree organs, and its sequence was trunk>branch>root>leaf. The proportion of trunk carbon storage obviously increased with tree age.     

Growth and production varies between pair-wise mixtures and monoculture plantations in North Viet Nam

The potential benefits of species mixture were investigated using pair-wise comparisons of four timber tree species in northern Viet Nam. Chukrasia tabularis, Canarium album, Michelia mediocris and Eucalyptus urophylla were grown in monocultures and in pair-wise mixtures. The trial was established as a randomized block design with each treatment replicated four times. Volume production gain or loss in mixtures was assessed by calculating a mixture index, which is defined as Relative Yield Total (RYT). At age 48 months, the trial indicated mixed performance with both positive and negative impacts of growing some species in mixtures compared to monocultures. The largest gain was shown in the mixture of a shade-intolerant species, Chukrasia with a more shade-tolerant species, Michelia (47% gain in relative yield), and Eucalyptus with Michelia (45% gain in relative yield) at the first 38 months. The other three mixtures tested, and which were not successful (i.e. had lower relative yields) at 38 months, was the mixture of all shade-intolerant species, including Chukrasia with Canarium, Canarium with Eucalyptus and Chukrasia with Eucalyptus. This suggests that species with different shade tolerances can form complementary pair-wise mixtures, but this changed significantly (P < 0.05) over the following 10 months. At age 48 months the RYT of Chukrasia with Michelia increased by 12%, those of Michelia with Eucalyptus decreased by 20% at 48 months compared to 38 months, suggesting that Eucalyptus should be thinned at around year 5 years. Likewise, the RYT of Michelia with Canarium declined significantly by 23% at 48 months. The RYT of other tested mixtures remained almost unchanged over time.     

火烧对北亚热带杉木林土壤有机碳的影响

[Objective]To study the effect of burning on soil organic carbon and to provide references for post-fire vegetation regeneration. [Method]The changes of organic carbon and nutrient contents in post-fire Cunninghamia lanceolata stand with the soil depth of 0~50 cm in north subtropical areas were analyzed. [Result]The contents of soil total organic carbon (TOC), easily-oxidized carbon (EOC) and light fraction organic carbon (LFOM) were higher than those of contrast sample area, which increased by 1.7%~38.0%、6.6%~33.2% and 3.1%~45.7%, respectively. Significant differences were found in the soil layer with depth of 0~10 cm and 10~20 cm (P<0.01). Compared with the contrast sample area, the soil carbon storage in the layer with depth of 0~50 cm increased by 19.1% one year after burning. The TOC, EOC and LFOM were all significantly related to the soil nutrients (total N, hydrolyzable N and available K). After burning, the increase of TOC, EOC and LFOM were mainly concentrated on the surface of soil and the organic carbon contents increased by 9.22 g·kg^-1 in 010 cm layer. [Conclusion]Moderate intensity burning has a significant impact on organic carbon in the soil of C. lanceolata stand in the north subtropical area. Moderate burning can increase the soil organic carbon because the soil can mix the organic residues caused by incomplete combustion of vegetation layer. Replanting in the burned area could be adopted to promote the vegetation restoration.     

华北土石山区刺槐和栓皮栎人工林土壤微生物数量和微生物量碳、氮研究

正截止到2014年,全国水土流失面积已高达294.91万km2,占国土总面积的30.72%[1-2]。水土流失造成生态环境脆弱,植被破坏促使水土流失加剧是区域环境恶化的主要原因之一[3]。众多研究表明,植被恢复可有效地减少水土流失,是遏制生态环境恶化、改善脆弱生态系统的有效措施[4-6]。在森林生态系统中,土壤微生物对土地利用的变化、管理措施、耕作和肥力水平等外界条件的变化十分敏感,     

广西凭祥西南桦中幼林林木生长过程与造林密度的关系

造林密度决定着林分后期密度大小,是影响人工林生长的重要因素之一,与林木生长过程密切相关,决定着林分的健康状况及生产力,是林分合理结构的数量基础[1].造林密度过高将过早加剧林分内部竞争,增加林木死亡率,减少生长量[2-5],因此,确定合理的造林密度是人工林营造的关键技术环节,揭示造林密度与林木生长过程的关系,将有助于制定合理的人工林经营制度.     

基于森林资源规划设计调查数据的森林碳储量估算分析--以镇沅县为例

基于云南省普洱市镇沅县2016年第四轮森林资源规划设计调查数据,从不同森林类型、不同起源、不同龄组、优势树种、乡镇等方面,通过生物量扩展因子法,估算了镇沅县森林资源生物量、碳密度及碳储量。结果表明:第四轮森林资源规划设计调查中,镇沅县森林植被碳储量总量为1511.38×104 tC;不同森林类型中,阔叶林碳储量较针叶林高,占主导地位;不同起源中,天然林在森林植被碳储量中起到更大的作用;不同龄组中碳储量由高到低为中龄林、近熟林、成熟林、幼龄林、过熟林;优势树种(组)中,思茅松和栎类碳储量所占比例最大;各乡镇中,勐大镇碳储量最大,和平镇最小。     

更新期橡胶人工林生态系统碳贮量及分布

对处于更新期30 年橡胶人工林含碳量、生物量、碳贮量及其空间分布进行研究。结果表明:橡胶树组分的含碳量在29.94%～52.90 %之间,大小表现为:树叶>树干>树根>树枝>树皮>胶乳,相同器官的含碳量枯样的要比鲜样的高。凋落物层含碳量平均为51.90 %,林下植物为46.09 %。土壤含碳量平均为0.54%,随着土层深度的增加,各层次土壤含碳量逐渐减少,相邻土层差异不显著。橡胶林生态系统现存碳贮量为219.68 t·hm^-2,其中乔木层为140.21 t·hm^-2,占整个生态系统碳贮量的63.82 %,凋落物层和林下植被层为3.99 t·hm^-2,仅占1.82 %,土壤(0～100 cm)的碳贮量为75.48 t·hm^-2,占34.36 %。橡胶树各器官的碳贮量与其生物量成正比关系。树干的生物量最大,其碳贮量也最高,占乔木层碳贮量的55.67%。