海巴戟天的离体快速繁殖(简报)

从多果无病虫害的母树中选取的幼嫩侧枝,经表面消毒后切取侧芽并接种到MS基本培养基,附加蔗糖浓度30g/L,BA2mg/L,NAA0.1mg/L初代培养基上,培养40d后,侧芽萌发率达80%以上。增殖培养基与初代培养基相同,以40~50d为一增殖周期,增殖系数达2~3倍。当新芽增殖到足够数量时,切取2~3cm的新芽接种到1/2MS大量元素,全量微量元素,蔗糖浓度为30g/L,IBA1mg/L,活性炭1g/L的生根培养基生根培养基上,生根率高达100%,植株在沙床的移栽成活率均达95%以上。30cm高的植株便可种植到大田。     

Studies on the effect of curry leaves supplementation (Murraya koenigi) on lipid profile,glycated proteins and amino acids in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients

Curry leaves powder supplementation (12 g providing 2.5 g fibre) was carried out for a period of 1 month in 30 non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients. The parameters monitored at 1, 15 and 30 days were fasting and 2 h post-prandial blood sugar levels, serum total cholesterol and its lipoprotein fractions, triglycerides, total amino acids, uronic acid, glycosylated serum proteins and glysocylated low density lipoprotein cholesterol fraction. The results indicated a transient reduction in fasting and post-prandial blood sugar levels at 15-day period with no appreciable changes in serum glycosylated protein levels, glycosylated low density lipoprotein cholesterol fraction, serum lipids, lipoprotein cholesterol levels, uronic acid and total amino acids were observed during the supplementation period, i.e. either at 15 days or 30 days.     

In vitro and in vivo studies on the digestibility of the major storage protein of the navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Fraction G1, the major storage protein of the navy bean (P. vulgaris), was subjected to in vitro digestion with pepsin, trypsin, or chymotrypsin. Based on measurements of the release of free amino groups, G1 appeared to be markedly resistant to digestion unless subjected to heat treatment. Molecular weight determinations by sedimentation equilibrium and amino acid analysis, however, indicated that G1 had in fact undergone limited proteolysis and a reduction in size, from 140,000 to 120,000, as a result of exposure to either trypsin or chymotrypsin. Disc gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate also revealed significant changes in subunit composition. Native G1 was composed of two subunits, 43,000 and 49,000, in a ratio of 1:2, whereas trypsinor chymotrypsin-modified G1 had subunits of 22,500 and 30,000, in a ratio of 4:1.The true digestibility of native G1 as measured in rats was 57% compared with 92% after heat treatment. Although virtually devoid of trypsin inhibitory activity, G1 caused a significant enlargement of the pancreas, an effect which was partially overcome by heat treatment. It is concluded that a major factor contributing to the poor nutritive value of unheated navy beans is the marked resistance of its major storage protein to intestinal proteolysis.Supported by grant AM 18324 from the National Institutes of Health.     

Biochemical response in rats to the addition of curry leaf (Murraya koenigii) and mustard seeds (Brassica juncea) to the diet

Three groups with 12 weanling male albino rats were group fed for 90 days on a standard laboratory rat diet plus 20% coconut oil either without a supplement or with the addition of 10% curry leaf or 10% mustard seeds. Feed was offered at a level of 10% body weight. At the end of the trial, measurements were made on the total serum cholesterol, high density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins, and very low density lipoproteins fractions, release of lipoproteins into the circulation, lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase activity and lipoprotein lipase activity. Feed intake and mean body weight of the rats on each treatment was not significantly different. Both spices resulted in a reduction in total serum cholesterol and LDL+VLDL, an increase in the HDL, lower release of lipoproteins into the circulation and an increase in the LCAT activity.     

Some anther structures in Sanguisorba minor Scop. (Rosaceae)

In this study, investigation of some anther structures in Sanguisorba minor Scop. subsp. muricata was aimed. Therefore, anthers were squashed by modified glycerine-gelatine method and additionally different histochemical stainings also were tested. The result illustrated that in different parts of anther, such as marginal, connection tissue, starch and protein granules accumulated. Furthermore, during maturation these deposits were detected in pollen grains also. In addition, a very interesting feature, balloon-like structures filled by proteins, were observed in anther cavity. In the light of these findings, their importance on pollen development was discussed.     

钻喙兰不同成熟度的胚培养研究

以钻喙兰不同成熟程度的胚为材料,通过种子直接过滤灭菌进行无菌播种。结果显示钻喙兰种子在培养基：花宝一号3 g+肌醇100 mg+胰蛋白胨1 g+维生素B1：0.5 mg+维生素B6：0.5 mg+香蕉 100 g+椰子汁100 ml+蔗糖30 g+琼脂粉(强度1 200 g/cm2)5.0 g+活性炭3 g+水1 000 ml上发芽率及生长效果最好,钻喙兰蒴果的采摘以果实浅黄色为最佳采摘方式。     

茶树花主要生化成分分析

为探明茶树花的主要生化成分,便于其开发利用,对13个茶树品种、不同开放状态的花及花的不同部位主要生化成分进行分析。结果表明,不同品种花的主要生化成分平均含量分别为：茶多酚10．51％、游离氨基酸1．60％、黄酮类化合物0．62％、水溶性糖35．46％、水浸出物56．11％;盛开期主要生化成分含量较高,露白期低;茶树花不同部位生化成分含量差异较大,花瓣水溶性糖、黄酮类化合物和水浸出物含量较高,雄蕊和雌蕊氨基酸含量较高,花托和花梗茶多酚含量较高。     

Phytochemical investigation and in vitro antinociceptive activity of Clerodendrum indicum leaves

The crude ethanolic extracts of Clerodendrum indicum Linn. leaves were investigated for possible antinociceptive activity using acetic acid induced writhing model in mice. Phytochemical analysis was also carried out according to the standard procedures to identify the presence of different phytoconstituents in the ethanolic extract of the plant leaves. The study results showed 38.91 and 55.24% inhibition of writhings in the tested mice when ethanolic extract of Clerodendrum indicum Linn. leaves at doses of 250 and 500 mg kg(-1) body weight was given intraperitoneally, respectively. The study results were also compared with antinociceptive activity of the standard drug, Diclofenac sodium (68.37% inhibition) used at 25 mg kg(-1) body weight. At the above doses, the crude ethanolic extract of the plant showed significant antinociceptive activity in dose dependent fashion in acetic acid-induced writhing model in mice. The inhibition of writhings was calculated in respective to control group and it was found that p-values (<0.0001) obtained in all cases were extremely statistically significant. However, the phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloid, steroid, saponin, tannin, reducing sugar and gum. The results suggest that crude ethanolic extracts of Clerodendrum indicum leaves possess significant antinociceptive properties justifying its folkloric use as analgesics and further research is necessary to isolate the principle phytochemical constituent(s) responsible for this activity.     

In vitro availability of iron from cereal meal with the addition of protein isolates and fenugreek leaves (Trigonella foenum-graecum)

In vitro iron availability was determined from a standard cereal meal (C) with and without the addition of protein isolates from bovine milk (BP), groundnut milk (GP) and soybean milk (SP). A second set of studies were done to investigate the potentially available iron from fenugreek leaves per se and the effect of their addition on the available iron from the cereal meal. The potentially available iron from the meal increased from 4.91% to 6.73% on the addition of BP. The next best enhancer was GP (4.91% to 6.17%). Although the addition of SP increased the total iron content of the cereal meal significantly, the percent available iron decreased compared to the other milk proteins. The addition of fenugreek leaves (100 g/meal) to the meal increased the total iron content of the meal significantly (3.24 mg to 9.12 mg) (p<.001), however, the available iron was observed to decrease (4.91% vs 4.34%).     

Chemotaxonomic studies on Aegilops L. (Poaceae) in Iran

This study, using seed storage protein electrophoresis, evaluates the taxonomic status of the Aegilops L. species and the variation between the species. Therefore, with the seeds of seven species and 46 accessions of Aegilops, the prolamin was separated. On the base of the banding patterns, the cluster analysis among these species was studied. The results of this study show that most of the tetraploid species (2n = 4x = 28; x = 7) and the diploid species (2n = 2x = 14; x = 7) were grouped with each other. This document illustrates that a high gene flow exists among the diploid species. Further, high variability was observed among the accessions of Aegilops species. Morphologically; some of the species, which are very similar (Ae. umbellulata Zhuk., Ae. columnaris Zhuk.), have exactly been distinguished in this method. Chemo taxonomically, the status of these species was partially illustrated. Finally, Prolamin is an appropriate marker for identifying the taxonomic position of Aegilops species.     

Some hormone-like properties of Allium Cepa L. (onion)

Summary Onion juice fed to rats produced a testosterone-like effect as it increased the seminal weight in castrated and non-castrated animals, an insulin-like action as it reduced blood sugar level in animals made hyperglycemic experimentally, and a growth hormone-like activity as it increased the growth rate in young rats. It, moreover, possessed an oxytocic action when tested, in vitro, on the rat uterus at various stages of sex cycle. (with 1 fig.)     

野生大豆(Glycine soja)YD63和栽培大豆(Glycine max)ZD19茎秆解剖结构比较解析

以野生大豆YD63和栽培大豆ZD19为研究对象,通过组织化学方法观察茎秆解剖结构的差异,并进一步分析和阐述这些解剖结构与功能和环境适应性间的关系,旨在为大豆抗逆性研究提供解剖学依据。结果表明：1）野生大豆表皮毛和腺毛多于栽培大豆,且角质层厚度、表皮厚度和表皮比例均大于栽培大豆,表皮和外皮层细胞的木质化和木栓化程度也高于栽培大豆;2）野生大豆皮层、韧皮部、木薄壁组织和髓的比例均大于栽培大豆,茎秆机械强度降低,可塑性升高,抗逆性增强;3）栽培大豆木质部、木纤维和总纤维比例均大于野生大豆,并且表皮细胞壁厚度、韧皮纤维壁厚度、木纤维壁和导管壁厚度均大于野生大豆。栽培大豆组织木质化的比例大于野生大豆,茎秆的机械强度升高,可以更好地维持直立生长和形态构建;4）栽培大豆微管形成层的细胞层数和厚度均大于野生大豆。栽培大豆木质部的比例大于韧皮部的比例,而野生大豆两者比例基本相同;5.）野生大豆韧皮部厚壁组织几乎是连续分布,仅在髓射线处中断,而栽培大豆是不连续的,呈片状分布,野生大豆韧皮部厚壁组织的比例大于栽培大豆;6）野生大豆导管壁强度(t/b)2和小导管比例大于栽培大豆,水分运输的安全性较高,但野生大豆木质部的连通性和水分运输的效率低于栽培大豆。本研究较系统地比较了野生大豆YD63和栽培大豆ZD19茎秆解剖结构特点,可为大豆抗性遗传改良提供解剖学依据。     

杀菌剂对芒果细菌性角斑病菌的室内毒力及田间防效

细菌性角斑病是芒果生产上的重要病害,为筛选有效的防治药剂,采用浑浊度法对22种杀菌剂进行室内抑菌活性初筛,对抑菌活性较好的药剂采用平板菌落计数法进行室内毒力及田间药效试验。室内抑菌活性表明,四霉素、辛菌胺醋酸盐、溴菌腈、乙蒜素和噻霉酮抑菌作用最强,2 mg/L处理浓度下抑菌率均达90%以上,其次为丙硫唑和中生菌素,10 mg/L处理下抑菌率在75%以上;溴菌腈、噻霉酮、丙硫唑、春雷霉素和噻森铜的EC₅₀值分别为0.048、0.103、0.900、21.970、189.347 mg/L。田间试验显示,施药后30 d,20%噻唑锌SC750倍防效最高,可达75%以上;其次为3%噻霉酮ME1000倍、20%丙硫唑SC1000倍和25%溴菌腈EC1000倍,防效均在70%以上;46%氢氧化铜WG保护作用最高,防治后病叶率最低。据此,氢氧化铜、噻唑锌、噻霉酮、丙硫唑和溴菌腈可作为防治芒果细菌性角斑病的供选药剂。     

化学诱变结合离体选择选育胡椒抗瘟病无性系

在胡椒(PipernigrumLinn.)茎尖丛生芽增殖技术的基础上,以印尼大叶种“LampongType”无菌实生苗作外植体源,采用EMS(ethylmethanesulphonate)对胡椒茎尖进行化学诱变处理,并结合辣椒疫霉(Phytophthoracapsici)培养滤液对胡椒茎尖及其增殖形成的丛生芽进行离体选择。结果表明,利用EMS在胡椒茎尖接种前进行化学诱变可提高抗瘟病变异体的产生频率。利用EMS不同浓度和不同时间对胡椒实生苗茎尖处理后接种,不经离体选择,直接在再生植株上进行抗病检测,抗性植株频率在4.3%￣26.67%之间,而不施用化学诱变的处理则未获得抗性植株。利用不同浓度EMS和不同诱变处理时间结合不同浓度的辣椒疫霉培养滤液离体选择,各种组合所获得的抗性植株比率在33.33%￣100%范围,但各种组合均较EMS和辣椒疫霉培养滤液单独处理的要高,其中以1.0%EMS处理60min结合25%辣椒疫霉培养滤液处理的最好。     

分离和纯化水稻(O.sativa)总信使RNA及其体外翻译

信使 RNA 是传递 DNA 遗传信息的工具,它也可以通过逆转录酶的催化合成互补 DNA(cDNA),用作分子杂交的探针,以分离特定的基因。本文选用10日龄水稻幼苗提取总 mRNA,52.6g 新鲜组织中获得6.5mg 总 RNA,根据 A260/A280=1.69,说明 RNA 中含极少量蛋白质。采用多聚尿苷酸-琼脂糖柱层析,从总的 RNA 中分离到88μg 总的 mRNA,免网织红细胞溶胶体外翻译体系产物表明,分离的 mRNA 具有生物功能。     

棉花红(黄)叶枯病的发生原因与对策探析

进入本世纪以来，棉花红（黄）叶枯病再度成为九江地区棉花主要病害之一。调查分析认为，该病害发生的直接原因是棉地土壤钾元素匮乏；主要诱因一是长期以来的免耕制度度化学除草方式不利于棉地土壤结构的改良与土壤养分的良性循环，二是遇干旱天气抑制土壤养分的分解导致肥力不足．遇洪水浸泡降低根系活力同时导致土壤养分流失。主要防治对策一是棉花蕾期中耕深施、重施有机肥；二是雨季结束期压时松土保墒；三是棉花“花铃期”要重视“补钾”，采取“根施”与“叶喷”相结合的方式。     

半野生和栽培大豆叶片某些光合特性的比较

对半野生、半栽培及栽培大豆叶片某些光合特性指标的比较研究表明,半野生大豆、半栽培大豆和栽培大豆叶面积指数依次降低,而比叶重、叶绿素含量和净光合速率均表现为随品种的进化而增加;从生育期的变化来看,3种类型大豆叶片比叶重和叶绿素含量变化基本一致,苗期和结荚期较低,开花期较高,最大值出现在鼓粒期;3种类型大豆的光合日变化都呈“双峰”曲线型变化,但以栽培大豆日变化最为明显。     

茉莉酸甲酯对花生幼苗呼吸速率,组织含水量和茎部结构的影响

分别用茉莉酸甲酯０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、０．２２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ和０．４４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的浓度处理花生幼苗,其中以０．４４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的作用最明显。经过处理的植物组织鲜重变化不明显,组织含水量有所下降,干重稍微增加;叶片呼吸速率比对照减少,经处理的植物茎部的组织较为致密,厚壁组织较为发达。     

马缨丹化学成分及生物活性研究进展

综述了马缨丹在化学成分、医药、工业、农业等方面的研究进展，着重阐述了其在杀虫、抑菌方面的研究概况，以期为马缨丹在植物源农药方面的研究和综合开发利用提供依据。     

Phytochemical screening and in vitro amylase inhibitory effect of the leaves of Breynia retusa

This study was proposed based on the folklore claim and on the scarcity of scientific evidence from the literature for the medicinal uses of Breynia retusa. The aim of the present study was to analyse the phytochemical constituents of the leaves of B. retusa. The fractions obtained by successive fractionation using solvents of varying polarity were studied for the presence of primary and secondary metabolites and the total phenolic content of the different fractions were determined by HPLC. The results of the study support the traditional acclaim of the therapeutic uses of B. retusa. The potential of B. retusa to inhibit alpha-amylase, a prime enzyme involved in carbohydrate metabolism was analysed and it was observed that the ethyl acetate and methanolic extract of the leaves of B. retusa possessed in vitro amylase inhibitory activity.