云南省马铃薯粉痂病的发生与危害调查分析

粉痂病严重影响马铃薯的产量和品质,是我国马铃薯产业健康发展的重要制约因素之一.为进一步探明马铃薯粉痂病在云南省的发生、分布及危害情况,本研究于2018年-2019年,在云南省内马铃薯不同生态种植区,开展了马铃薯粉痂病的发生与危害情况调查.调查范围涉及19个县(区)、涵盖了19个当地马铃薯主栽品种(系).调查结果显示:粉...     

First report of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum causing blight of Melissa officinalis in Turkey

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - In July 2020, a blight disease on lemon balm plants was observed with an incidence of up to 10% in three fields in Şanlıurfa province, Turkey....     

辽宁省药用植物白鲜病害种类调查及病原鉴定

白鲜为我国传统药用植物,具有较高的经济价值和药用价值,近年来在辽宁省大面积人工种植。为明确白鲜主要病害种类及发生危害情况,2018年-2020年生长季在辽宁省本溪、清原和西丰等主要种植地区进行了病害系统调查。调查和鉴定结果发现,危害白鲜生产的主要病害有5种,分别为由Phoma dictamnicola引起的茎点霉叶斑病、由Paracercospora dictamnicola引起的灰斑病、由Rhizoctonia solani引起的立枯病、由Fusarium oxysporum引起的根腐病和由Meloidogyne hapla引起的根结线虫病,并对各病害症状进行了详细描述。其中茎点霉叶斑病、灰斑病和立枯病分布广且危害较重,病害种类和发病情况地区间差异较大。立枯病主要发生在一年生育苗田,病株率一般为0.6%～19.0%,灰斑病和茎点霉叶斑病主要发生在生产田,病株率分别为38.2%～100.0%和17.6%～99.0%。研究结果将为白鲜病害的准确识别诊断及综合防控策略制定提供科学依据。     

First record of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on tree tomato in Ecuador

Cyphomandra betacea (tree tomato) plants with stem lesions were observed in an orchard in Tungurahua province, Ecuador. Dissection of the stems showed the presence of black sclerotia. Further laboratory analysis and pathogenicity tests revealed that Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was the causal agent of the disease. Although recorded in New Zealand, this is the first report of the pathogen affecting tree tomato in Ecuador.     

安徽省太和县中国南瓜曲叶病毒自然侵染南瓜的检测分析

中国南瓜曲叶病毒(squash leaf curl China virus, SLCCNV)是一种植物单链DNA病毒, 属于双生病毒科Geminiviridae菜豆金色花叶病毒属Begomovirus?在自然条件下该病毒可以侵染多种葫芦科作物, 如南瓜?甜瓜等?该病毒由烟粉虱进行持久性传播, 是影响瓜类产量和品质的重要病害?2021年4月-5月, 安徽省太和县温室大棚中的南瓜叶片出现斑驳?皱缩?卷曲以及植株矮化等现象, 我们采集了具有典型病毒病症状的南瓜病叶样品以及烟粉虱虫体进行RT-PCR鉴定, 结合测序结果鉴定危害南瓜的病毒为SLCCNV?为了进一步明确安徽太和地区SLCCNV的系统进化特征, 我们测定了SLCCNV的外壳蛋白基因(coat protein, CP)序列并进行系统发育分析, 结果表明安徽太和县所检测到的SLCCNV分离物与中国广东和海南地区的分离物亲缘关系较近, 并且与越南?菲律宾?柬埔寨?泰国等一些国家的分离物处于同一个大分支, 存在较小的地域差异性, 而与印度和孟加拉国地区的分离物亲缘关系相对较远, 处于不同的大分支?本研究是安徽省SLCCNV侵染南瓜的首次报道, 期望为该病害的预警和防控提供理论依据?     

贵州省稻瘟病菌对稻瘟灵的抗药性测定

 对来自贵州省20个县(市)200余份稻瘟病标样上的146个单孢菌株采用生长速率法测定了稻瘟病菌对稻瘟灵的抗药性。结果表明,贵州省主要稻区都有抗稻瘟灵菌株出现,但大部分抗性菌株的抗药性水平表现为低抗水平。黔东南、贵阳、遵义地区抗性菌株频率明显高于其它几个地区,抗性菌株频率分别为10.96%、9.59%和7.53%。     

江西番茄烂果病病原菌鉴定

In recent years since 2018, the disease of tomato fruit rot has been often noted in Jiangxi province. In order to ascertain the causal agent, common tissue isolation method was used to isolate the pathogen collected from 8 counties and cities of Jiangxi province. A total of 17 isolates was obtained, which exhibited similar phenotype on V8 agar plates with production of antheridia, oogonia and oospore indicating the characteristics of Phytophthora spp.. The pathogenicity test for the isolates showed the similar disease symptoms with that in the field and the pathogen was reisolated from the infected tomato tissues, which fulfilled the Koch’s postulate. BLAST search with rDNA-ITS, partial Ypt1 and β-tubulin gene sequences for 17 isolates showed 99%-100% of identities to Phytophthora capsici that in correspond with the clustering result of phylogenetic analysis for two represented strains. Combined with morphologic characteristic observation, pathogenicity test and sequence ana-lysis, the pathogen causing tomato fruit rot was identified as Phytophthora capsici. This is the first report of P. capsici causing fruit rot on tomato in Jiangxi province, China.     

Limited morphological,physiological and genetic diversity of Phytophthora palmivora from cocoa in Papua New Guinea

In Papua New Guinea (PNG) cocoa (Theobroma cacao) is one of the most important cash crops grown in the tropical lowland and island regions. As in most cocoa‐growing areas, phytophthora black pod and canker cause significant yield losses. Cocoa breeding activities in PNG are focused in East New Britain province where disease control recommendations are also developed. This study tested the hypothesis that there was no diversity in the Phytophthora palmivora population causing black pod on cocoa by characterizing the variation in pathogen populations within and between the five major cocoa‐growing areas. Diseased pods were sampled hierarchically from the five locations and additional isolates were collected from soil, stem and leaf lesions, or retrieved from culture collections. Morphological characters showed continuous variation within the range described for P. palmivora. Genetic analysis revealed that the isolates belonged to one dominant clonal lineage, with restricted distributions of several other subpopulations. Lowest diversities were found in the geographically isolated Karkar Island and East Sepik province. Soil isolates showed greater genetic diversity than isolates from cocoa lesions. Intra‐farm variation was as much as inter‐farm or inter‐province variation. Both mating types were detected, although no strong evidence of sexual recombination was observed. The analysis revealed limited geographic, temporal or host specialization, suggesting continuous selection for pathogenicity from a genetic pool of P. palmivora. These findings have significant implications on the deployment of cocoa genotypes, enforcement of inter‐province quarantine and sustainable disease management strategies.     

侵染西葫芦的中国南瓜曲叶病毒的检测及序列分析

2019年山东种植的西葫芦上广泛发生病毒病,症状与之前常发症状有差异,发病植株叶片向下卷曲、黄化,植株矮化。为明确引起此次西葫芦病毒病的病原,我们以田间采集的10份西葫芦病叶为材料,进行PCR扩增并测序。测序结果显示扩增片段核苷酸序列与我国广东的中国南瓜曲叶病毒(SLCCNV)南瓜分离物(MW389917.1)一致性最高。根据同源序列设计引物,经PCR扩增获得SLCCNV全长序列,DNA-A 全长为2 730 bp(OM692270.1)、DNA-B 全长为2 711 bp(OM692269.1),经序列比对发现DNA-A序列与已登录的SLCCNV一致性为89.65%~99.42%,其中与我国广东的SLCCNV-GDHY南瓜分离物(MW389917.1)一致性最高,为99.42%;DNA-B序列与已登录的SLCCNV一致性范围为81.82%~97.29%,其中与我国广东的SLCCNV-GDHY南瓜分离物(MW389918.1)一致性最高,为97.29%。因此推测引发山东西葫芦病毒病的病原物是SLCCNV,由于该病毒是在山东西葫芦上首次发现,将其命名为SLCCNV-SD。前人已报道SLCCNV可侵染南瓜、甜瓜、烟草、番茄等作物,但SLCCNV可侵染西葫芦在国内未见报道。     

Banana bunchy top disease in Pakistan

The cause of a banana disease in the province of Sindh, Pakistan, was attributed to banana bunchy top virus. Identification was based on symptomatology, size/morphology of the virus particles (20-22 nm) detected in diseased tissue, and serology (DAS-ELISA).     

引起青海省马铃薯根腐类病害的镰刀菌种类鉴定

<正>马铃薯是继水稻、小麦和玉米之后的第四大粮食作物~([1]),也是我国青海省主要的经济作物。马铃薯干腐病是镰刀菌根腐类病害中最重要的一种病害,其窖藏期发病率最高可达60%~([2]),根腐类病害已成为限制青海省马铃薯产业发展的重要因素。本文通过形态学、EF-1α基因序列分析的分子生物学鉴定及致病性测定,明确了引起青海省马铃薯根腐类     

小菜蛾布伦克虫疠霉研究初探

侵染小菜蛾的布伦克虫疠霉Pandora blunckii在广东省首次发现,该菌可引起西洋菜田中小菜蛾Plutella xylostella种群的流行病,侵染率为20.7%,主要侵染小菜蛾三、四龄幼虫;该菌不能侵染四龄菜青虫。本文还对该菌侵染小菜蛾引起的症状及其形态特征进行了描述。     

玉米麦根腐平脐蠕孢叶斑病的发生与病原鉴定

在河北省春播玉米WN2000和山东省夏播普通玉米上发现一种叶斑病,其病斑圆形或椭圆形,中心灰白色,边缘褐色,有黄褐色褪绿圈,糯玉米WN2000病斑较大,(3~10)mm×(3~5)mm;普通玉米病斑较小,(1~2)mm×(2~3)mm。通过病原菌分离培养、致病性测定、形态特征观察及r DNA-ITS和1,3,8-三羟基萘还原酶基因(3HNR)序列分析,证明两种大小病斑是由同一种病原菌—麦根腐平脐蠕孢(Bipolaris sorokiniana)引起。田间调查结果表明,在山东省夏播玉米各品种苗期叶片上均有不同程度的发病,发病率最高的为冠玉6号,病株率52%,最低的为五岳88,病株率2%;鲜食玉米仅在河北春播玉米WN2000上发生,发病率为32%。麦根腐平脐蠕孢侵染不同玉米品种产生两种大小不同的病斑在国内外尚属首次报道。     

茶树叶斑病病原菌可可毛色二孢菌的鉴定

<正>可可毛色二孢菌(Lasiodiplodia theobromae Pat. Griffon Maubl.)属葡萄座腔菌属(Botryosphaeria)病原菌的无性型,其有性型为Botryosphaeria rhodina(Berk. M.A. Curtis)Arx[1,2]。该病原菌可导致热带、亚热带地区的植物发生病害,如葡萄树干溃疡和顶梢枯死[3],春芋叶斑病[4],橄榄溃疡病[5]等。叶斑病是茶树的一类重要病害。近年来,不     

茶树叶斑病病原菌可可毛色二孢菌的鉴定

The tea leaf disease, which led to a large loss of production and decrease of quality, was found in the tea region in Huishui county, Guizhou province. Some strains were isolated from the diseased samples, and the representative strains fulfilled Koch’s postulate. Then the isolates were further identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis with internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and elongation factor 1-α (EF-1α) regions. The results showed that the pathogen of the leaf disease occurred in Huishui county, Guizhou province was L. theobromae.     

不同稻区稻瘟病菌致病型变异及基于MAS的品种对稻瘟病的抗性鉴定

稻瘟病是影响水稻生产的重要病害。监测田间稻瘟病菌菌群致病型的组成是有效推行利用抗病品种抗瘟策略的必须环节。本研究采集2015年湖北省10个稻作区的穗颈瘟标本,以单基因鉴别品系对分离得到的菌群进行致病型的测定,并分区进行品种的抗瘟性鉴定,结果表明,不同稻作区菌群致病型的组成存在差异,品种对不同稻作区菌群的抗性明显不同,单基因品系中9个抗性基因在湖北稻区受侵染程度也存在明显差异。     

苜蓿花叶病毒ELISA检测方法的建立及其在大豆病毒调查和抗性资源鉴定中的应用

苜蓿花叶病毒(alfalfa mosaic virus, AMV)是一种世界性分布、宿主范围广、具有严重危害性的植物病毒,能引起大豆的严重病害。本研究利用原核表达的AMV CP蛋白制备的抗血清,建立了高效、准确的AMV间接ELISA检测方法,并应用于病害调查和抗性鉴定,结果表明制备的3份抗血清对重组蛋白和AMV感染的大豆植物粗提液的效价均达到256 000倍,血清特异性分析结果显示3份抗血清仅识别感染AMV的大豆叶片,不识别感染大豆花叶病毒(soybean mosaic virus, SMV)的大豆叶片。通过建立的AMV间接ELISA与常规RT-PCR同时对采集的50份疑似感染AMV的大豆样品进行检测,有46份样品检测结果一致,符合率达92%。利用建立的AMV ELISA方法和课题组已建立的SMV ELISA方法对吉林省大豆主产区的大豆样品进行病毒检测的结果表明,病毒检出率为38.30%,SMV的检出率达30.85%,AMV的检出率达17.06%,复合侵染率为9.61%。对接种AMV的40个大豆品种进行抗性鉴定,结果显示40份大豆全部感染AMV,但是病毒载量存在差异,部分品种表现出AM...     

安徽省首次发现肾形肾状线虫危害瓜蒌

肾形肾状线虫Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford & Oliveira是作物根部半内寄生植物线虫, 被列为危害最严重的十大植物线虫之一。本文对安徽省新发生瓜蒌肾形线虫病的病原进行鉴定并对其生活史进行初步研究。利用形态学和分子生物学将病原线虫鉴定为肾形肾状线虫R.reniformis, 系统发育分析表明其属于A型。肾形肾状线虫在瓜蒌根部完成生活史需要24 d, 每条雌虫平均产卵64粒, 繁殖系数R=(11.12±0.62)。本文系首次报道肾形肾状线虫在安徽省发生危害, 瓜蒌为肾形肾状线虫的新寄主。本研究为进一步掌握肾形肾状线虫的分布区域及潜在寄主及综合防控提供了理论依据。     

深度测序发现贵阳发生的辣椒病毒病由多种病毒复合侵染所致

2016年9月贵州省贵阳市发生严重的辣椒病毒病,症状复杂,主要表现为植株矮化,叶片黄化、花叶、皱缩、畸形以及枯死斑,果实有坏死斑等,根据症状难以判断病毒种类。本文采用小RNA深度测序技术对田间自然发病的2株辣椒标样进行了毒源鉴定,发现样品1由蚕豆萎蔫病毒2号(Broad bean wilt virus2,BBWV2)、辣椒脉斑驳病毒(Chilli veinal mottle virus,ChiVMV)、黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)和辣椒内源RNA病毒(Bell pepper endornavirus,BPEV)4种病原复合侵染;样品2中除鉴定到上述4种病毒外,还检测到马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virusY,PVY)。进一步通过反转录PCR(RT-PCR)对深度测序结果进行了验证,证明其准确可靠。其中4个辣椒标样中均有的辣椒内源RNA病毒(BPEV)为贵州省首次报道。多种病毒复合侵染是辣椒产量和品质的重要限制因素之一,是辣椒生产的主要威胁。     

海南一品红细菌性叶斑病病原菌的分离与鉴定研究

 为明确海南省近几年发生的一品红细菌性叶部病害的病原菌特别是该病原菌的分子特征,为该病害的治理提供可行的依据,本文描述了2005年海南省部分花圃一品红植株上发生的细菌性叶斑病症状,并通过致病性测定、BIOLOG分析和16SrDNA序列比较将分离的病原菌鉴定为黄单胞菌属(Xanthomonas);部分碳源利用测定进一步显示2005年海南分离的菌株与2004年海南报道的细菌性疫病病原菌存在差异,但与杭州地区报道的一品红细菌性叶斑病菌基本一致。利用黄单胞菌模式种典型菌株的核糖体DNA内转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer,ITS)序列构建系统发育树,结果显示3个海南菌株与巴豆黄单胞菌(Xanthomonas codiaei)和地毯草黄单胞菌(X.axonopodis)单独聚合成群,其中与巴豆黄单胞菌亲缘关系最近。