Ca2+和茉莉酸对菠菜CBF表达的影响

为探究钙离子、茉莉酸（Jasmonic acid,JA）对菠菜CBF转录因子表达的影响。以菠菜（Spinacia oleracea L.）为材料,对其进行低温(4℃)或JA处理、或用钙离子载体A23187预处理菠菜幼苗,利用Northern印迹技术检测各处理时CBF的表达情况。结果表明,低温和JA均可诱导菠菜中CBF基因的表达。推测低温可能首先导致细胞中JA含量升高,JA通过一定的机制诱导细胞质基质中游离钙离子浓度（[Ca2+]cyt）升高,然后Ca2＋可能通过CaM (Calmodulin)或CaM相关蛋白传递低温信号,从而诱导CBF的表达。     

豌豆叶片细胞中茉莉酸的胶体金免疫电镜定位

摘要：利用胶体金免疫电镜定位技术对豌豆（Pisum sativum L.）叶片细胞中茉莉酸进行亚细胞定位。结果显示,在叶肉细胞中,茉莉酸主要分布在叶绿体、细胞壁和细胞质中,细胞核中也有少量金颗粒分布。韧皮部筛管与伴胞分子中观察到有大量的金颗粒标记,木质部细胞中没有观察到金颗粒标记。上述研究结果为阐明茉莉酸生物学功能提供重要细胞学依据。     

茉莉酸对植物根瘤形成和发育的调控作用

茉莉酸在植物根瘤形成和发育过程中发挥重要作用。本文主要综述了外源和内源茉莉酸信号对根瘤早期形成、生长、衰老和自身调节的调控作用,并介绍了调控过程中的浓度效应及其与乙烯的相互作用。     

AFP2基因调控拟南芥茉莉酸合成与开花时间的分析

拟南芥AFPs (ABI five interaction proteins)是一类与植物激素脱落酸(ABA)信号途径中转录因子ABI5互作的蛋白,以前报道它们可以通过促进ABI5的降解来调控种子萌发,但是AFPs的新功能鲜有报道。我们发现过表达AFPs家族成员之一AFP2可以促进拟南芥小苗茉莉酸(JA)的合成并延迟开花,反之,拟南芥突变体afp2表现为较低的茉莉酸积累与较早的开花时间。突变茉莉酸合成酶LOX2或受体COI1都可以部分缓解AFP2-ox的晚花表型,同时过表达AFP2增强了AFP2类转录因子TOE1结合到成花素FT启动子区域的能力,并抑制FT的转录导致晚花。以上结果揭示了AFP2参与ABA与JA信号调控开花时间的新功能。     

茉莉酸等3种因素刺激番茄LeWRKY1的表达特征分析

为了研究LeWRKY1参与植物抗逆反应的分子机理,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术研究了LeWRKY1在番茄灰霉菌（Botrytis cinerea）侵染、茉莉酸（jasmonic acid,JA）、水杨酸（salicylic acid,SA）刺激时的表达情况。结果表明：外源植物激素JA可诱导LeWRKY1的表达,而SA对其无明显诱导作用;番茄灰霉菌侵染可诱导LeWRKY1表达。LeWRKY1可能通过JA依赖而SA非依赖的信号途径参与番茄对番茄灰霉菌防御反应的应答。     

Maize Genotypes Differing in Salt Resistance Vary in Jasmonic Acid Accumulation During the First Phase of Salt Stress

Plant hormones are considered to play an important role in plant adaptation to drought and salt stress. The objective of the study was to investigate the changes in endogenous jasmonic acid (JA) in relation to differences in the salt resistance of maize genotypes. Two maize genotypes (SR 03 and Across 8023) were compared for changes in water relations, growth and tissue JA levels in response to 100 mm NaCl. Salt stress significantly reduced the shoot growth of both genotypes; however, SR 03 exhibited significantly less reduction in relative shoot fresh weight than Across 8023. Both genotypes showed an identical response to salt stress regarding plant water relations; therefore, genotypic differences in the salt resistance could not be attributed to changes in shoot turgor and these results were further confirmed by the response of both genotypes under equiosmotic stress (?0.49 MPa) of either 100 mm NaCl or PEG‐6000. GC‐MS/MS analysis showed that salt stress did not alter shoot JA levels of both genotypes, however significantly increased the root JA levels of Across 8023. In contrast, root JA levels of salt‐resistant SR 03 did not change by salt stress. Increase in root JA levels in response to stress treatments does not coincide with the growth inhibition of shoot in Across 8023. In contrast, both PEG and NaCl did not change the JA concentrations in both root and shoot tissues of SR 03. Growth assays with maize seedlings showed that JA supply in root medium inhibits shoot extension growth and both maize genotypes were sensitive to the inhibitory effects of JA. These results suggest that maize genotypes differ in JA accumulation during the first phase of salt stress and JA may indirectly be involved in leaf growth inhibition of the salt‐sensitive genotype. In addition, our results also showed that treatment of salt‐stressed plants with exogenous JA improved the Na⁺ exclusion by decreasing the Na⁺ uptake at the root surface.     

Jasmonic Acid Differentially Affects Growth, Ion Uptake and Abscisic Acid Concentration in Salt-tolerant and Salt-sensitive Rice Cultivars

Phytohormones play critical roles in regulating plant responses to stress. Here, we investigated the effects of salt stress and stress recovery by applying jasmonate to the two different rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars Dongjinchalbyeo (DJC, salt-tolerant) and Dongjinbyeo (DJ, salt-sensitive). Salt stress remarkably decreased the root length of plants even at low NaCl concentration (20 mm ). Salt stress led to a sharp increase in the concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) in 20 and 40 mm NaCl, when compared with the control values. The concentrations of ABA in the salt-tolerant cultivar DJC plants progressively increased with increasing NaCl levels, whereas in the salt-sensitive cultivar DJ, they sharply decreased in all three parts of rice plants at 80 mm NaCl treatment. The decrease of jasmonic acid (JA) concentrations in salt-tolerant cultivar DJC was lesser than in the salt-sensitive cultivar DJ plants in the shoot. Post-application in the stressed plants with 30 μm JA at 24 and 48 h after NaCl treatment, recovered salt inhibition on dry mass production more effectively than application of JA at 48 and 24 h before salt stress, and during salt stress simultaneously. The uptake of Na decreased especially in the salt-sensitive cultivar DJ plants, whereas there was an increase in Ca and Mg levels and slight increase of K by JA application. Leaf water potential, leaf photosynthetic rate, and maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) also remarkably recovered when 30 μm JA was applied 24 h after the salt stress compared with the 40 mm NaCl-treated plants. These results clearly indicate that post-application with exogenous JA can ameliorate salt-stressed rice seedlings, especially the salt-sensitive cultivar rather than the salt-tolerant cultivar. This may change the balance of other endogenous plant hormones.     

Cat2+诱导水稻细胞DNA片段化的研究

用CaCl2处理水稻愈伤组织,研究钙离子在水稻细胞凋亡过程中的作用。结果发现,水稻愈伤组织经150mmol/LcaCI2处理1~2h后,DNA无明显降解;处理3h后,DNA降解为5kb以上的大片段;处理8h后,DNA几乎完全降解成200bp~1kb的小片段。由此推测,细胞外高浓度的Ca2+对诱导凋亡细胞的DNA片段化起了重要作用。研究还发现,一定浓度的M     

水分胁迫下钙对甘蔗幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响

笔者选取甘蔗福农95-1702为材料,结合钙离子螯合剂EGTA预处理,对水分胁迫下Ca2+与甘蔗幼苗抗氧化酶类活性的关系进行研究,探讨逆境信号转导第二信使Ca2+在甘蔗抗旱性中的作用。结果表明,1~3mmol/L的EGTA预处理对正常生长条件下甘蔗幼苗的相对生长率、可溶性蛋白含量及抗氧化酶活性均无显著影响。但30%PEG处理下,1~3mmol/L的EGTA预处理降低了甘蔗幼苗的相对生长量,加剧了可溶性蛋白含量的下降：在处理的24小时,处理1E+D（1mmol/LEGTA+30%PEG）及3E+D(3mmol/LEGTA+30%PEG)中的可溶性蛋白含量分别比处理D（30%PEG）降低了40.2%和54.3%。同时,EGTA预处理抑制了PEG胁迫下超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性的升高,加剧了过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性的降低：在处理的24小时,处理1E+D及3E+D中的SOD活性分别比处理D降低了26.5%和29.9%;而POD活性则比处理D分别降低了31.3%和23.2%;处理3E+D的CAT酶活性比处理D降低了27.2%。这些结果暗示Ca2+可能参与了水分胁迫下甘蔗幼苗抗氧化酶系统的调节,Ca2+信号和活性氧（ROS）所介导的信号转导途径存在交叉互作     

橡胶树皮乳管组织茉莉酸诱导相关因子AP2/EREBP基因的克隆与表达分析

摘要：茉莉酸（jasmonic acid,JA）可诱导橡胶树（Hevea brasiliensis Muell.Arg.）乳管分化,是乳管分化的关键信号分子。目前,对JA诱导橡胶树乳管分化的分子机理仍然不清楚。我们在前期研究中通过筛选JA刺激乳管分化时期的橡胶树树皮组织cDNA差减文库,获得了4条与茉莉酸诱导乳管分化相关的AP2/EREBP家族转录因子基因的EST。本研究在此基础上,采用RACE法完整地克隆了这4个AP2/EREBP转录因子基因的开放阅读框,蛋白氨基酸序列分析表明其中3个属于ERF亚类,1个属于RAV亚类;表达分析发现,这4个基因在乳管分化时期的橡胶树树皮组织的表达受JA诱导,随JA处理时间的延长,其表达量先增强后减弱,推测它们可能在JA诱导橡胶树乳管分化过程中起着重要的调控作用。