枝江市2013年农作物病虫发生特点及原因分析

枝江市位于宜昌东部,荆州以西,为江汉平原与丘陵山区过渡地带,2013年水稻种植面积2．8万hm2,其中早稻0．7万hm2,中稻1_3万hm2,晚稻0．8万hm2,棉花种植面积1．6万hm2,小麦种植面积1．7万hm2,油菜种植面积1．9万hm2,柑橘种植面积2．1万hm2,蔬菜种植面积1．3万hm2。2013年病虫综合平均发生程度为中等,农作物病虫害累计发生面积60．1万hm2次,防治面积72．1万hm2次。     

枝江市2014年两夏作物病虫发生特点与原因分析

2014年枝江市两夏作物病虫为中等偏轻发生,小麦种植面积为1.5万hm2,油菜种植面积为2万hm2,病虫发生面积8.7万hm2,防治面积11.4万hm2,挽回粮食损失792.9t,挽回油菜损失576.2t.     

松滋市直播稻杂草发生特点与防除

松滋市常年种植水稻4.4万hm2,随着农村劳动力的大量外出,水稻移栽面积逐年减少,已从2000年的4.5万 hm2减少到2008年的2.5万 hm2.水稻直播面积迅速增加,2008年已达 1.9万 hm2,占水稻种植面积的 43.2%,2009年直播面积还会进一步扩大.     

频振式杀虫灯技术推广与应用

宜昌市夷陵区属湖北西部,是三峡水利枢纽工程所在地,也是全国生态工程建设重点县(区),正在创建全国无公害农产品生产示范区.全区国土总面积33.59万hm2,其中耕地27 407hm2,果茶面积2 000hm2,林业用地面积25万hm2.常年种植作物面积在6万hm2左右,其中粮食3.5万hm2,蔬菜1.3万hm2.柑橘1.37万hm2,茶叶4 867hm2.害虫常年发生面积16.7万hm2左右,防治面积11万hm2,挽回经济损失1 600万元.     

莱阳市花生田蛴螬为害趋重原因分析及综合治理对策

莱阳市是花生主要产区,常年种植面积2.13万hm2.蛴螬是金龟甲幼虫的统称.花生蛴螬是花生上的主要害虫.据统计本市花生蛴螬年发生面积1万hm2,其中重发生面积0.33万hm2.每年防治面积约0.93万hm2,挽回花生损失520万kg.     

厦门地区番茄晚疫病的发生原因与综合防治措施

厦门市常年蔬菜种植面积 2.1万 hm2左右,近年来,番茄种植面积不断扩大,现已达到 2 670 hm2.但由于 2002年晚季和 2003年早季番茄晚疫病发生面积 1 600 hm2,严重影响了产量和品质,挫伤了广大菜农种植番茄的积极性.     

二○○一年襄樊市棉铃虫发生特点与原因分析

2001年我市棉花种植面积4.33万hm2,较2000年增0.13万hm2,棉铃虫发生为大发生,而且发生程度逐代加重,是继近几年偏重发生之后的又一大发生年.全市棉铃虫各代累计发生面积9.97万hm2.全市累计综合防治面积23.25万hm2次.     

加快机防服务队建设构建新型植保服务体系

枣阳市是国家优质小麦、优质水稻生产基地,常年种植小麦面积7.33万hm2,水稻面积5万hm2,棉花面积1.67万hm2,玉米面积1.33万hm2,芝麻面积6667hm2,花生大豆面积5333hm2,瓜果蔬菜面积2.67万hm2,是多种农作物病虫高发区、多发区。常年农作物病虫草发生面积达57.67万hm2次,年防治面积     

江门市水稻病虫绿色防控的实践

江门市是珠江三角洲重要的农产品生产基地,是农业大市,水稻全年种植面积18.67万hm2,总产90万t.水稻病虫害常年发生面积60万hm2次,防治面积73.33万hm2次,实际产量损失7万t.2010年以来,全市各级农业部门高度重视水稻病虫害绿色防控技术的推广应用,取得良好成效.     

黄冈市2005年蔬菜病虫害发生特点及原因分析

随着农业产业结构调整,黄冈市蔬菜的种植面积不断扩大,2005年全市总种植面积发展到10·68万hm2,其中叶菜类2·94万hm2、瓜类1·12万hm2,块根、块茎类2·24万hm2、茄果类1·78万hm2、豆类1·1万hm2、水生蔬菜0·39万hm2、葱蒜类0·7万hm2、其它菜类0·38万hm2。是一类复种指数高     

Localization of metabolic sites of action of herbicides

Time- and concentration-course studies were conducted to determine the effect of thirteen herbicides on photosynthesis, respiration, RNA synthesis, protein synthesis, and lipid synthesis using isolated single leaf cells. Each herbicide was from a different chemical class. Appropriate ¹⁴C-substrates and product purification procedures were used for each process prior to liquid scintillation counting. The most sensitive metabolic site of inhibition was photosynthesis for atrazine, bromacil, dichlobenil, monuron, and paraquat; RNA synthesis for dalapon and dinoseb; protein synthesis for chlorpropham; and lipid synthesis for CDAA, chloramben, 2,4-D, EPTC, and trifluralin. However, with several herbicides, one or more process was almost as sensitive as the one mentioned above. All herbicides inhibited more than one process, and the most sensitive site of inhibition may not be the same process that was inhibited the greatest at the maximum concentration and maximum exposure time used. Therefore, a concept of metabolic sites of action, rather than a primary site of action, appears to be more meaningful for herbicides.     

福寿螺配偶个体大小选择性初步观察

通过野外观察与实验研究,掌握了福寿螺的婚配体制及其配偶选择性规律。福寿螺与多数低等动物一样,其婚配属于乱交制,无固定配偶;雌螺对与其交配的雄螺个体大小没有选择性,而雄螺对雌螺的个体大小有选择性,倾向于与较大个的雌螺交配。     

Investigation of the Mode of Action of Nematode Neuropeptides

The neuropeptide AF2 has a complex set of actions on the dorsal muscle strip of Ascaris suum, including a potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. Caffeine at 100 μm and 5 mm inhibited this potentiation, as did 100 μm theophylline in two out of six studies. The cyclic-AMP-potentiating compounds IBMX, dibutyryl cAMP and forskolin had no effect on the AF2-induced potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. These preliminary data suggest that the potentiating action of AF2 is not mediated by a cAMP pathway.     

Systems of designation of pathotypes of plant pathogens12

A variety of systems of designation has evolved to name pathotypes of plant pathogens. The systems were evaluated to determine those best suited for particular purposes. Virulence and avirulence/virulence formulae of pathotypes have advantage over the use of consecutive numbers or letters given in chronological order of pathotype discovery. As soon as pathotype information exceeds a certain level of complexity, mathematical codes are most advantageous, in particular two codes, octal notation and coded triplets. A more universal adoption of the most appropriate codes is recommended to ease communication and comparisons of results.     

Effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on efficacy and duration of control of Fusarium wilt of tomato

The effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on the control of fusarium wilt of tomato were investigated. Application of P. oxalicum to tomato seedlings in seedbeds reduced disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in a growth chamber by 45–49% and in glasshouse experiments by 22–69%. Disease suppression was maintained for 60–100 days after inoculation with the pathogen in the glasshouse. No disease reduction was observed in tomato plants where P. oxalicum was applied to seeds. Treatment with P. oxalicum did not affect the population of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in the rhizosphere.     

厚朴病虫害种类的初步调查

采用标准地法和线路调查法,对湖北恩施市新塘乡双河厚朴基地的厚朴病虫害进行了系统调查,记录主要虫害13种,其中叶部害虫9种,枝干害虫2种,根部害虫2种。厚朴主要病害5种。藤壶蚧、厚朴枝角叶蜂和厚朴新丽斑蚜为湖北省首次报道,小绿叶蝉为厚朴新寄主记录种。同时记录了藤壶蚧的天敌6种,其中寄生小蜂2种,瓢虫4种;厚朴新丽斑蚜的天敌昆虫8种。对藤壶蚧、厚朴枝角叶蜂和厚朴苗木根腐病等重要病虫害的发生规律进行了初步调查,同时提出了防治建议。     

青稞种子带菌检测及杀菌剂消毒处理效果

为了研究青稞种子外部和内部携带真菌情况,比较不同杀菌剂对青稞种子的带菌消毒效果和对幼苗生长的影响,为青稞种子播前包衣处理和种传真菌病害防控提供依据,采用离体平皿法对云南迪庆‘云青1号’、‘云青2号’和‘短白青稞’3个主栽品种进行带菌检测,并对种子进行拌种或浸种处理测定6种杀菌剂对种子消毒效果,分析杀菌剂对种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:供试青稞种子表面携带的优势菌群为青霉(Penicilliumspp.)、镰刀菌(Fusariumspp.);种子内部寄藏的真菌主要为镰刀菌、核腔菌(Pyrenophoraspp.)、附球菌(Epicoccumspp.)、丝核菌(Rhizoctoniaspp.)、链格孢(Alternariaspp.)和木霉(Trichoderma spp.)。青稞不同品种的种子表面及内部携带的真菌种类差异较大。致病性测定表明,镰刀菌对种子萌发和幼苗生长影响最大,后期出现幼苗坏死现象。45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP对青稞种子携带真菌均有显著抑制作用和消毒效果,50%福美双WP消毒效果最优,达100%;45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP处理对青稞种子发芽和幼苗生长均无显著影响。     

棉花黄萎病菌致病型的AFLP分析

 选用41个棉花黄萎病菌(Verticillium dahliae)代表菌系,在温室条件下,对4个棉花品种鄂荆1号(感)、中棉所12(耐)、文-5(抗)和唐棉2号(抗)进行致病性测定,结果可将供试菌系分为落叶型与非落叶型2类。选取8对AFLP引物PCR扩增的结果中,统计带型稳定、清晰且有多态性的条带,共169条作系统聚类分析,将上述菌系分为2大类,第一类为非落叶型菌系,包括10个非落叶型菌系和1个过渡菌系;第二类为30个落叶型菌系。根据聚类分析建立树状图,发现菌系与地理来源存在一定的相关性,而依据菌系致病力强弱分类则相关关系不大。选用25对EcoRⅠ和MseⅠ引物组合,对供试的41个V.dahliae进行AFLP扩增,筛选到2对引物E64(GACTGCGTACCAATTCGAC)、M53(GATGAGTCCTGAGTAACCG)和E49(GACTGCGTACCAATTCCAG)、M65(GAT-GAGTCCTGAGTAAGAG),能分别扩增出433bp和110bp2条仅为V.dahliae非落叶型菌系独有的特异片段,可将落叶型与非落叶型菌系分开,这2条特异片段被命名为EM₄₃₃和EM₁₁₀。     

黑麦草属DNA条形码鉴定技术研究

以毒麦、田毒麦、多花黑麦草、多年生黑麦草、硬直黑麦草、高羊茅与狗牙根等禾本科的7种植物为材料,拟采用 DNA 测序、特异性位点比对、种间遗传距离测定、建立系统树等分析候选 DNA 条形码 psbA-trnH 鉴别黑麦草属常见植物的能力。实验结果表明,以 psbA-trnH 为 DNA 条形码时,建立的系统发育树能较好区分毒麦和田毒麦与其他几种植物。psbA-trnH 序列可以作为黑麦草属植物的潜在条形码。