肉犬育肥对比试验

对大丹犬、圣伯纳犬、本地犬、大丹—圣伯纳—本地犬的三元杂交后代进行不同品种犬的育肥试验 ,试验结果表明 ,大丹犬、圣伯纳犬、三元杂交犬出栏体重均显著高于本地犬 ,料重比均显著低于本地犬 ,通过经济合算认为三元杂交后代进行育肥最适合当地的基本情况     

犬体表犬弓首蛔虫虫卵的污染调查

对 30只肉用犬和护院犬以及 2 5只伴侣犬体表犬弓首蛔虫虫卵的污染情况进行调查 ,结果表明 ,肉用犬和护院犬的污染率为 30 % ,伴侣犬的污染率为 1 6% ,并以丙硫咪唑对患犬或带虫犬进行了驱虫试验 ,效果为 1 0 0 %。     

Risk factors for unsuccessful dog ownership: an epidemiologic study in Taiwan

This retrospective study of 259 Taiwanese dog owners in 2004 addressed one of the major contributors to dog overpopulation in Taiwan: unsuccessful dog ownership. We found an inverse association between age of the dog at acquisition and risk of unsuccessful dog ownership: the younger the dog at acquisition the higher the risk. The incidence-proportion ratios (IPRs) of unsuccessful dog ownership for the owners who had a history of pet abandonment or losing a pet compared with those without such a history were 1.8 (95% confidence interval (CI)=1.1, 3.0) and 2.1 (95% CI=1.3, 3.3), respectively. Soiling (IPR=2.0, 95% CI=1.3, 3.1) and barking (IPR=1.6, 95% CI=1.0, 2.6) problems had the strongest effects on unsuccessful dog ownership among the post-acquisition variables studied. Preventing owners with a history of unsuccessful dog ownership from acquiring dogs was predicted to yield the largest reduction of risk of unsuccessful dog ownership among the investigated variables (population attributable fraction=33%, 95% CI=11%, 50%).     

犬的鼻色和眼色

犬的鼻色在一定程度上可反应出犬的颜色遗传,品种特征,健康状态,年龄范围,季节变化.犬的眼睛颜色如同鼻色也可反应出一系列相关的信息.品种标准和作业要求还将犬眼色划分出优劣等级.该文详细介绍了犬鼻色和眼色的各种类型,以及随着年龄、季节、健康状态发生的色素变化的规律,为犬的选种选配、保健、训练和作业犬的个体选择提供参考依据.     

Risk factors for nuisance barking in dogs

Objective   To determine the key variables related to the environment, animal and owner that influence nuisance barking by dogs in a city with a subtropical climate.
Design and Population   A case–control survey of dog owners in Brisbane, Queensland, was conducted using a questionnaire investigating key variables connected to nuisance barking. Owners of dogs exhibiting nuisance barking were obtained from a list of dogs being treated in a Brisbane behaviour clinic, and those of control dogs were selected from a telephone directory.
Results   Univariate analysis showed that animal, owner and environmental factors all potentially influence the occurrence of nuisance barking. Multivariate analysis identified the following factors, with the relevant odds ratios (OR) as significant: age of the dog (young dog vs old dog, OR 11.2); multiple dogs in the household vs single (OR 5.6); origin of the dog (home bred vs obtained from breeder or friend, OR 4.0); type of dog, (herding vs other types, OR 3.2) and dog with access to the home vs dog without access (OR 2.5).
Conclusion   The greatest risk for nuisance barking occurs with a young dog of the herding type that is home bred and with access to the house in a multiple dog household.     

The influence of dog ownership in childhood on the sociality of elderly Japanese men

In Japan, care for the elderly has been a serious social issue. The relationship between dog ownership and health of the elderly has attracted considerable attention, but it is still unclear whether dog ownership affects the health of owners. In this study, we focused on the experiences of dog ownership in the past. The questionnaire survey was conducted targeting elderly Japanese men and asking them to clarify whether the experience of dog ownership in the past influences their current mental and physical health. To examine the characteristics of the experience of dog ownership, we divided past dog owners by a hierarchical cluster analysis using the variables related to the experiences of dog ownership. We added the ‘never owned a dog’ group to the three groups that were provided by the cluster analysis, and conducted analysis of variance and multiple linear regression analysis using the variables of physical and mental health. The results showed that the group that owned their first dog at an early age and owned more dogs later scored higher in the companionship and social support scales. These results suggested that the experiences of dog ownership in childhood were related to the sociality of older men, such as the enhancement of their companionship with others.     

Allergic inhalant dermatitis attributable to marijuana exposure in a dog

Exposure to marijuana was believed to be responsible for clinical signs consistent with allergic inhalant dermatitis in a dog. The dog had facial and pedal pruritus associated with bilateral ocular discharge. Clinical signs resolved when the dog was kenneled, but returned when the dog was returned to its home. The results of intradermal skin testing, using a standard tray of 51 inhalant extracts, did not adequately account for the dog's clinical signs. Later, the owners indicated that previous residents of the owners' home had cultivated marijuana intensively inside and outside of the home. Intradermal skin testing with a source of marijuana pollen extract was performed, yielding a positive reaction in the dog and a negative reaction in another dog without clinical or historical evidence of allergic inhalant dermatitis. The affected dog was treated successfully and exclusively by hyposensitization with marijuana pollen extract.     

Incidence of presenting complaints and diagnoses in insured Australian dogs

Knowledge of the most common presenting complaints and diagnoses in companion animals is valuable in preparing veterinary students and veterinarians to manage the most frequently observed conditions in clinical practice. Pet insurance databases provide access to large sample populations and have been previously used to describe disease incidence in companion animals. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of presenting complaints and diagnoses in insured Australian dogs through the use of a pet insurance database. Analysis of a de-identified dataset containing pet insurance claims associated with presenting complaints and diagnoses from 488,472 insured Australian dogs insured in the years 2016 and 2017, was performed. Annual incidence rates of presenting complaints and diagnoses were calculated and expressed as, number of events per 1,000 dog years at risk. The presenting complaints with the highest incidence were vomiting (14.21 events per 1,000 dog years at risk in 2016, 15.80 events per 1,000 dog years at risk in 2017) and pruritus (8.79 events per 1,000 dog years at risk in 2016, 10.30 events per 1,000 dog years at risk in 2017). Presenting complaints affecting the gastrointestinal system were the most common (19.20 events per 1,000 dog years at risk in 2016, 20.77 events per 1,000 dog years at risk in 2017). The diagnoses with the highest incidence were otitis externa (34.12 events per 1,000 dog years at risk in 2016, 34.82 events per 1,000 dog years at risk in 2017) and dermatitis (28.05 events per 1,000 dog years at risk in 2016, 29.99 events per 1,000 dog years at risk in 2017). Diagnoses affecting the integument were the most common (216.56 events per 1,000 dog years at risk in 2016, 219.06 events per 1,000 dog years at risk in 2017). The results from this study can aid in the design of relevant veterinary curricula and may be helpful in prioritising research on common clinical conditions.     

Osteosarcoma of the patella in a dog

Osteosarcoma of the patella was diagnosed by biopsy in a 9-year-old, male dog of mixed breeding. The dog was originally examined because of intermittent lameness of the left hindlimb; there were minimal palpable abnormalities of the stifle. After the diagnosis, the owner refused further treatment for the dog. The dog was reexamined 13 months later because of a marked swelling of the stifle. The dog was euthanatized and necropsy findings confirmed the diagnosis.     

Completeness of the dog registry and estimation of the dog population size in a densely populated area of Rome

In most European countries, registration and identification of dogs is compulsory. In Italy, the national dog registry is composed of regional dog registries. Although dog registries have been established for many years, the issue related to completeness of data has not been addressed so far. The objective of this study was twofold: first to assess the completeness of data of the dog registry through telephone interview of a sample of dog owners drawn from the dog registry, then to estimate the total owned dog population in 4 boroughs of Rome. For the second objective, a capture–recapture method was applied using data from the dog registry and data from a face-to-face questionnaire submitted to people waiting in the sitting room of 5 points of access for booking and payment of primary and specialist care. Different scenarios are proposed to verify the assumptions of the estimation procedure and potential biases are discussed. The completeness of data of the dog registry was 88.9% (95% CI: 85.8–91.9%) and the owned-dog population was estimated at 26,244 dogs (95% CI: 24,110–28,383). The dog registry is an important source of information especially when it is properly updated and completeness of data is known.     

Thoracic, Abdominal and Vertebral Actinomycosis

The clinical, laboratory, radiographic, and histologic features and the response to therapy in three dogs with actinomycosis are reported. One dog (dog 1) had a 12-cm nonresectable mass extending from the ventrolateral chest wall into the left ventricular myocardium. Another dog (dog 2) had a diffuse peritonitis with "sulfur granules" and two large masses. One of these masses was nonresectable involving adjacent abdominal structures. A third dog (dog 3) had a subvertebral mass at T1-3 producing quadraplegia. Two dogs had periosteal reactions involving adjacent sternebrae (dog 1) or ribs and vertebral bodies (dog 3) that are characteristic of Actinomyces spp infections. In dogs 1 and 2 the diagnosis was based on the morphologic and tinctorial properties of free sulfur granules and/or tissue granules. Culture results were variable. Tissue from dog 1 yielded no growth, while polymicrobial infections, which included Actinomyces spp, were identified in dogs 2 and 3. Actinomyces odontolyticus was isolated from dog 3. Although the actinomycotic granulomas were either not excised or only partially excised from dogs 1 and 2, both animals were cured by the oral administration of high doses of penicillin G for 19 and 6 months, respectively. Dog 3 responded dramatically to the same antibiotic therapy given for 5 months. However, within 4 months of discontinuing treatment an abscess and draining fistulous tracts developed in the left axillary region. Two surgical fistulectomies and additional penicillin therapy were required to cure this animal. These cases and the current veterinary and human literature on actinomycosis are used to propose a rational approach to the treatment of actinomycosis in the dog.     

Dog and owner characteristics affecting the dog–owner relationship

The nature of the relationship between companion dogs and their owners has important impact on the effect of life for both dog and owner. Identifying factors that affect the dog–owner relationship will assist the understanding of how the successful relationship is achieved and how the less successful relationship is mended, with potential benefits for the welfare of both species. In the present study, we investigated the effect of several dog and owner characteristics, including the personality of the dog, on the dog–owner relationship as measured by the Monash Dog Owner Relationship Scale (MDORS). Data were collected by inviting owners of dogs that had been tested on the Danish Dog Mentality Assessment (DMA) to answer an online questionnaire. We were able to match 421 owner answers with their dogs' DMA test results. The questionnaire consisted of the 28 items of the MDORS, as well as questions about the owners and their dogs. Using factor analysis, 5 dog personality traits could be derived from the dogs' test results on the DMA. The predictive value of questionnaire-based owner and dog variables and the 5 dog personality traits on the dog–owner relationship was tested using multiple linear regressions: 1 for each of the 3 subscales of the MDORS. Overall, the variables investigated only predicted a small proportion of the variance in MDORS scores, and owner characteristics appeared to influence the dog–owner relationship more than dog personality traits did. We found that children in the family and using the dog only for company were negatively associated with the owners' perception of the relationship with their dogs. The only dog characteristics to predict the dog–owner relationship were fearfulness and fear-related behavior problems.     

Thyrotoxicosis in a dog induced by the consumption of feces from a levothyroxine-supplemented housemate

A 9-year-old golden retriever dog was evaluated for polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, and elevated serum thyroxine. Targeted questioning revealed that the dog was coprophagic and routinely ingested the feces of a dog that was treated with twice-daily levothyroxine. Clinical signs resolved and serum thyroxine decreased to normal levels in the affected dog with prevention of coprophagy.     

Preliminary study of the impact of different dog features on humans in public

Revealing why pedestrians are afraid of some dogs while passing them in public is essential to assess the dog–owner–stranger relationship. Therefore, the effect of different dog features on passersby was gathered. Four dog features differing in size and color were investigated. The dog features were classified as small-dark, small-pale, large-dark, and large-pale. Dog's effect on passersby was recorded in 2 ways: (1) observing the behavioral responses of passersby while passing nearby a dog, and (2) revealing the passersby's perception of that dog by a short interview. Direct observations of 427 passersby's behavioral responses while passing a dog on a sideway were acquired, and 126 persons were interviewed. It was suggested that large-dark dogs seemed to be more threatening than pale or small dogs. Passersby confronted with pale dogs of equal size changed their way far less than when confronted with dark dogs. Significant differences were noted for the type of effect assessed and the reason for this behavioral response. The results showed that only the small-pale dog appeared to be friendly because of its size (P = 0.000). All other dogs were stated as friendly because of individual factors including breed and own dog experiences (P = 0.000). None of the dogs were mentioned as threatening. Our results show that some dog features have a significant effect on behavioral responses and the subjective perception of dogs by people in public.     

Severe carpal and tarsal shearing injuries treated with an immediate arthrodesis in seven dogs

The medical records of seven dogs with severe, grade 3, open shearing wounds of the carpus or tarsus that were treated with an immediate arthrodesis were reviewed. Six dogs were managed with a transarticular external skeletal fixator (ESF), and one dog was treated with plate fixation. The soft tissues were managed simultaneously along with the definitive joint stabilization in all cases. Minor complications occurred in four dogs: one dog that required a skin graft, one dog in which a skin graft was recommended but not performed, one dog in which a secondary skin closure was performed, and one dog in which a delayed cancellous bone graft was placed. Major complications occurred in three dogs: two dogs that required restabilization of the arthrodesis and one dog that required implant (i.e., plate) removal due to infection. All dogs healed with acceptable functional and cosmetic results. Further long-term evaluation of five dogs revealed that all but one dog had either excellent or good functional outcomes, and the remaining dog had a fair outcome. Similarly, five dogs had either excellent or good cosmetic outcomes, with the remaining dog having a fair outcome. All owners were very satisfied with the overall results. This clinical study demonstrated that an immediate, definitive management technique, in which bone fusion and wound management are undertaken as simultaneous objectives, is a viable technique of managing severe periarticular shearing injuries. Transarticular stabilization with an ESF is the technique recommended.     

Thoughts about the domestic dog as the catalyst for relations between humans and a body contact object for humans]

Based on an intensive analysis of literature, the study summarizes for the first time important but seldom realized reasons for dog keeping by humans. Firstly, the significance of the companion animal domesticated dog as catalyst of numerous different social contacts and communicative interactions of the dog keepers is emphasized. Secondly, the problem of total devotion of dog owners to the animal is discussed including its negative aspects, and the psychogram of a "typical dog owner" is described. Thirdly, the role of the domesticated dog as object of body contact (petting object) for humans is characterized, i.e., the positive effects of tactile stimuli for the emotional and physical well-being of dog owners as well as their animals are presented. All themes are finally discussed in the light of the historical dimension of dog domestication, whereby it is obvious that one of the first uses of this mammalian species was that as an object of affectional touch and hugging to serve basic human emotional needs. In this way it becomes also evident how deeply the dog depends on its owner.     

Severe brain damage after punitive training technique with a choke chain collar in a German shepherd dog

The features of severe ischemic brain damage after strangulation by the owner of a 1-year-old German shepherd dog are described. The dog was disciplined by the owner during training by holding the dog off the ground by his choke chain collar. At first, the dog behaved normally, but he became increasingly ataxic and started circling to the left and showed reduced consciousness. The neurological examination revealed severe disorientation, left lateral pleurothotonus, and circling. The neurological findings were consistent with a multifocal brain lesion. A magnetic resonance imaging scan was performed and showed changes in the T2- and diffusion-weighted images, consistent with severe cerebral edema resulting from ischemia. Because of the severity of the clinical features, the dog was later euthanized. To the author's knowledge, this is the first report of a severe brain ischemia after strangulation in a dog.     

Isoniazid-induced seizures with secondary rhabdomyolysis and associated acute renal failure in a dog

Isoniazid-induced seizures resulted in rhabdomyolysis and associated acute renal tubular necrosis in a dog. Rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuric renal failure, although recognised in the dog, are reported infrequently as a consequence of seizures. The clinical presentation of isoniazid toxicity in a dog is described.     

A case of juvenile form of dilated cardiomyopathy in a 6-month-old Shiba Inu dog

A 6-month-old Shiba Inu dog was brought to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital because of a cough, exercise intolerance, and pulmonary edema. The dog had a Levine 2/6 systolic murmur. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed left atrial and ventricular dilatation (left atrium to aortic ratio: 2.8), mitral and tricuspid valve regurgitation, and severe left ventricular myocardial hypokinesia (fractional shortening was 11.8%). Bubble contrast echocardiography did not reveal a congenital shunt; therefore, the dog was clinically diagnosed with early onset dilated cardiomyopathy. From the first visit, the dog was treated with pimobendan, taurine, torasemide, and isosorbide dinitrate. After 435 days, echocardiography revealed that systolic function had not improved. On Day 465, atrial fibrillation was confirmed via electrocardiogram, and treatment with diltiazem hydrochloride was initiated. The dog continued to appear clinically stable thereafter, until it died suddenly 1087 days after the initial visit. A postmortem histopathological examination identified severe enlargement of the left atrial and ventricular chambers as well as attenuated wavy fibers in the ventricular myocardium, which confirmed dilated cardiomyopathy in a juvenile. This is the first report of a juvenile form of dilated cardiomyopathy in a Shiba Inu dog. This case report provides evidence that the extended prognosis of this dog differed from that in previously reported cases of dilated cardiomyopathy in young dogs.Key clinical message:This is the first reported case of a juvenile form of dilated cardiomyopathy in a Shiba Inu dog. This report provides evidence that the prognosis of this dog differed from that in previously reported cases of dilated cardiomyopathy in young dogs.