基于SWOT分析孝义市核桃产业现状及对策

运用SWOT法分析山西省孝义市核桃产业发展情况,找出该地核桃产业的优势、劣势和外部的机会、威胁,并提出孝义市核桃产业发展相关对策,为今后该地核桃产业健康发展提供了依据.     

云南省核桃产业实现又好又快发展的理性思考

云南省核桃的种植面积、产量、产值均居全国第一.然而核桃产业发展中还存在着栽培品种混杂,缺乏耐晚霜危害的优良品种,重栽轻管,群众商品意识不强,产品深加工力度不足,缺乏适合产业化发展的系列标准,产业化经营滞后,市场开拓乏力等问题.提出加快核桃产业又好又快发展的建议:因地制宜积极选育和推广优良品种;提倡林粮间种,发展循环经济;科学管理,提高产品的质量和水平;加快产业化标准建设;实施龙头企业带动策略,走产业化经营之路;加大宣传力度,打造名片战略.     

基于SWOT分析的兴文县核桃产业发展现状与对策研究

采用SWOT分析法对兴文县核桃产业进行了分析。结果表明:兴文县核桃产业有土壤气候适宜,栽植历史悠久,群众基础好,县政府重视,旅游业发达等优势和机遇;同时,也存在着核桃产业布局混乱,栽植品种混杂,栽培管理粗放,产品附加值低,国内外核桃市场的竞争激烈等劣势和威胁。基于以上分析结果,提出了合理规划布局,开展良种选育和良种基地建设,政府培育多元化的核桃发展主体,建立多元化的政策扶持,对现有低效林改造,开展市场营销、注重品牌意识的核桃产业发展对策。     

大姚县核桃产业高质量发展探讨

指出了发展大姚县核桃产业有利于农民增收和改善广大农民生产生活条件,尤其对筑牢防返贫防线、巩固脱贫成效和乡村振兴计划的顺利实施具有重大意义。根据大姚县核桃产业发展中存在的基础条件薄弱,机械化程度低,离现代农业有差距;规模化经营程度低,生产成本增加,经营标准难以统一;产业链条短,产业化水平不高;市场主体培育困难,带动效应不明显;扶持资金投入小而散,示范效应不明显;品牌优势不明显等主要问题进行合理分析,并提出扎实推进核桃产业提质增效;加强核桃产业提质增效示范基地建设;加强核桃质量标准体系建设;扎实推进核桃初加工机械一体化建设工作;聚合力量,全力打造“大姚核桃”产业品牌;加强核桃产业发展保障等相应建议,为进一步推动大姚县核桃产业高质量发展助力。     

核桃采收和加工技术简介

<正>核桃采收和加工是核桃产业发展的重要环节。当前,核桃采收季节即将到来,为提高核桃的品质和市场竞争能力,增加群众经济收入,推动核桃产业又好又快发展,现将核桃采收和加工技术简要介绍如下:     

大理州核桃产业发展现状和对策

根据大理州核桃产业发展的现状和存在的问题,提出了:科学的发展规划、积极培植从事精深加工的龙头企业、依靠科技进步提高核桃产业的质量和水平、进一步采取有效措施营造有利于核桃产业化的政策环境、大力推进核桃产业化进程等对策。     

涉县核桃产业发展探讨

河北省涉县是核桃生产大县,核桃产业在全县农村经济社会中占有举足轻重的地位。根据涉县核桃生产现状,运用波特钻石模型,从生产要素、需求条件、相关与支持性产业、战略管理与挑战、政府行为和机会六要素对其竞争力进行分析,在此基础上发现了核桃产业发展中存在的瓶颈,并提出了提升产业竞争力的对策,旨在为涉县核桃产业更好更快的发展提供理论参考。     

米易县核桃产业发展的思考

在论述了米易县核桃产业发展现状的基础上,分析了米易县发展核桃产业的必要性和存在的问题,针时存在问题提出了相应的对策和建议：一是以核桃基地建设为重点,合理规划核桃种植;二是以科技为依托,强化技术支撑体系;三是引进龙头企业,带动核桃产、工、销一体化发展;四是拓宽核桃产业发展的融资渠道;五是建立苗圃基地,确保良种供应;六是制定一系列的优惠政策,促进核桃产业健康快速发展。     

长治市核桃产业与区域经济转型发展的探讨

以长治市核桃产业发展为主线,围绕核桃产业与转型发展,对核桃产业发展的现状和存在的问题进行了深入的分析,找出了核桃产业发展中存在的主要问题,提出了解决的对策;在此基础上,又根据目前全球对核桃的消费需求、核桃的价格走势以及长治发展核桃的优势,提出了长治市依靠核桃产业,实现经济转型发展的思路、布局与目标。     

对陆良县龙海乡核桃产业发展的思考

指出了龙海乡种植核桃虽然有上百年的历史,但到目前为止依然是实生苗栽培,品质差、结实迟。分析了龙海乡核桃种植存在的问题:部分村委会对发展核桃产业的认识不高;产业投入严重不足,投资渠道单一;一些地方尚未把核桃当作重要产业来加以培育,种植不规范,管理不到位,产业效益还未体现出来;社会化服务体系尚不健全。探讨了核桃产业面临的机遇,总结并提出了核桃产业发展中所采取的对策:切实加强对核桃产业发展的领导;广泛宣传发动,提高干部群众的认识;选好核桃品种,加强种苗的培育和管理;进行项目整合,加大资金的筹措力度;不断完善种植技术要点,加强对林农的技术培训;建立健全长效的管理机制和产业化经营思路等。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.