日粮添加柑桔皮粉对肉仔鸡生长及营养物质代谢的影响

将1日龄肉用仔鸡90只随机分成3组,每组30只。一组是对照组,试验1组和试验2组分别饲喂在基础日粮的基础上添加了1.5%和2.5%柑桔皮粉的日粮,试验期24d。结果表明,在日粮中添加柑桔皮粉的试验鸡效果显著好于对照组。料重比、饲料转化率、只均增重、饲料表观代谢率、体成分中营养物质含量都分别显著高于对照组。2个试验组的经济效益比对照组鸡分别提高了27.35%和29.46%。     

桑树代替豆粕的日粮对荷斯坦肉公牛生产性能及经济效益的影响

试验研究荷斯坦公肉牛日粮分别添加0%、15%、30%的桑树代替部分或全部豆粕对其生产性能和经济效益影响,将24头荷斯坦公肉牛随机分为3组,每组8头进行饲养试验。结果显示:测定全珠桑树粗蛋白质(干物质计)含量为26.7%;公肉牛饲喂添加15%(试验I组)和30%(试验II组)桑树代替部分或全部豆粕日粮,其体增重与对照组比较无显著差异(ρ0.05),但饲料成本降低,若按每千克体增重的饲料成本计算,试验I组和试验II组每千克体增重饲料费分别比对照组降低0.34元和1.06元。     

两种养殖模式对快大型肉鸡生长性能及养殖效益的影响

目的研究南方地区不同饲养模式对快大型肉鸡生长性能及养殖效益的影响。方法试验用1日龄罗斯308白羽肉鸡117 000只,随机分成2组,每组3个重复,每个重复19 500只,一组采用发酵床养殖(稻壳垫料+发酵菌,以下简称试验组),另一组是普通地面平养(地面垫有稻壳,以下简称对照组),养殖过程中分别统计试验鸡的增重、成活率、料肉比、出栏均重等肉鸡生长指标及各投入与收益进行综合比较。结果试验组和对照组试验肉鸡在10日龄、20日龄、30日龄时只均重分别为308.33 g、933.67 g、1629.33 g和278.67 g、885.33 g、1571.67 g,差异不显著(P0.05);42日龄出栏时,试验组只均重比对照组多273.67 g,差异显著(P0.05);料肉比降低0.08,差异显著(P0.05);活率提高0.65%,差异不显著(P0.05);在经济效益方面,试验组组比对照组多收益2.85万元。结论:稻壳垫料+鸡粪发酵菌饲养模式为南方地区较佳的快大型肉鸡饲养模式。     

陈化稻糙米代替玉米日粮对肉鸭生产性能的影响

本文研究了陈化稻糙米代替玉米日粮对肉鸭生产性能的影响。试验选择11日龄的樱桃谷肉鸭1200只,平均分为4个组,分别为对照组、试验1、试验2、试验3,每组300只,每组设3个重复,每个重复100只。分别饲喂4种日粮:对照组为玉米—豆粕型日粮(玉米为60%),试验1、2、3组日粮为以陈化稻糙米依次取代对照组日粮中玉米的40%、70%、100%。肉鸭19日龄时,进行对照组日粮和试验3组日粮消化代谢试验。试验结果显示,试验1、试验2、试验3组比对照组肉鸭平均日增分别提高0.20%、2.51%和1.28%,试验1、试验2、试验3组比对照组肉鸭料重比分别降低2.33%、4.52%、5.78%,陈化稻糙米取代玉米日粮有利于提高肉鸭的生产性能;陈化稻糙米全部取代玉米对肉鸭采食有一定影响;陈化稻糙米取代玉米日粮有利于改善肉鸭的表观代谢率;陈化稻糙米取代玉米日粮对肉鸭的商品质量有一定影响。陈化稻糙米作为能量饲料取代肉鸭日粮中的玉米是可行的。     

粗酶制剂对雏鹅生长的影响

南京农业大学艾晓杰、韩正康分别选用24只(试验1)和18只(试验2)7日龄雏鹅,均随机分成对照组和试验组.饲以大表(占45%)基础日粮,试验组添加0.1%的Biokyowa粗酶制剂,试验期分别为7～60日龄和7～21日龄.结果:在试验1、2中,粗酶制剂使7～21日龄阶段鹅增重分别较对照组提高24.25%(P＜0.01)和22.50%(P＜0.01),料重比分别下降7.29%和7.21%.试验1在21～28日龄和28～35日龄增重分别较对照组高18.59%(P＜0.01)和19.62%(P＜0.01),采食量增加,料重比有所下降.雏鹅每周的相对生长速率随年龄的增长而呈下降趋势.酶制剂组在7～14日龄和14～21日龄阶段的相对生长速率明显高于对照组.试验1中,21日龄后酶制剂组与对照组的生长速率无显著差异.以上结果表明:粗酶制剂通过改善雏鹅对大麦日粮的消化,提高机体对饲料的转化效率,从而促进其生长.     

油脂对肉鸭生产性能的影响

本次试验选用200只1日龄樱桃谷商品肉鸭,随机分成4组,每组50只,试验I组、II组和III组在前期日粮中分别添喂3%、6％和9%的大豆油;对照组只喂基础日粮,不喂大豆油,结果表明：各试验组42日龄平均体重与对照组相比较差异显著（P＜005）,分别提高体重33g、389、52g,以添加9％的比例效果最好：饲料中添加大豆油对肉鸭成活率无任何不良影响,且能提高饲料的转化率     

日粮添加柑桔皮粉对肉仔鸡生长及营养物质代谢的影响

将1日龄肉用仔鸡90只随机分成3组，每组30只。一组是时照组．试验l组和试验2组分别饲喂在基础日粮的基础上添加了1．5％和2．5％柑桔皮粉的日粮，试验期24d。结果表明，在日粮中添加柑桔皮粉的试验鸡效果显著好于对照组。抖重比、饲料转化率、只均增重、饲料袁观代谢率、体成分中营养物质含量都分别显著高于对照组。2个试验组的经济效益比时照组鸡分别提高了27.35％和29．46％。     

不同日粮能量水平对幼兔生长发育的影响

研究选择90只35日龄的加利福利亚健康幼兔为试验材料,随机分为D1、D2和D33个试验组,每组30只,公母各半。在其它营养水平相同的情况下,3个试验组的日粮能量水平分别设计为消化能11MJ/kg、10.5MJ/kg、10MJ/kg,研究不同能量水平日粮对幼兔日增重、料肉比、腹泻率、死亡率等指标的影响。结果表明,D3组的平均日增重最高(29.84g),D1次之(28.67g),D2最低(26.58g);3个试验组的料肉比分别为4.60:1、4.33:1和3.55:1,而生产1kg兔肉需要饲料成本最低的是D3组。D3组无死亡,腹泻率是3.3%。经济效益分析发现,并依据本研究结果,推荐幼兔饲养的日粮适宜能量需求水平为10.0MJ/kg。     

双低菜粕在肉鸭日粮中的应用研究

通过饲养试验探讨Canola双低菜粕在肉鸭日粮中的应用。选用10日龄的樱桃谷肉鸭1500羽,随机分为1个对照组和4个试验组,添加不同比例双低菜粕穴分别占日粮的0、5%、10%、15%、20%雪代替部分豆粕用于肉鸭日粮,保持各组营养水平一致。通过肉鸭饲养试验,考察增重、料肉比和经济效益等指标。试验结果表明各组增重差异不大穴P>0.05雪,双低菜粕在肉鸭中的适宜使用比例为10%,肉鸭饲料中使用双低菜粕可以提高经济效益。     

高锌、抗生素对断奶后仔猪促生长防腹泻?

选用160头杜长大三元杂交，28日龄断奶仔猪分成4个组，分别饲以基础日粮(200ppmCu)、高锌日粮(200ppmCu＋2500ppmZn)、喹乙醇日粮(200ppmCu＋60ppm喹乙醇、杆菌肽锌日粮(200ppmCu＋50ppm杆菌肽锌)。结果显示，对照组、高锌组、喹乙醇组、杆菌肽锌组试验猪日增重分别为210g、263g、231g、214g，高锌组试验猪生长速度明显好于对照组和抗生素组，且料肉比和腹泻率也最低。     

日粮中添加酶制剂对肉兔生长性能的影响

为研究日粮中添加饲用酶制剂对新西兰肉兔生长性能的影响,特进行本试验。选择60只30日龄断奶新西兰兔按窝配对分为3组,C组为对照组,T1组和T2组日粮中分别添加0.8%和0.15%饲用复合酶制剂,测定各组日增重、日耗料、饲料转化率。结果表明:肉兔日粮中加入适量的酶制剂可以提高肉兔的日增重和饲料转化率,降低生产成本;酶制剂的剂量以0.15%效果较好,0.8%的酶制剂剂量似有些过量。     

肉兔血浆AKP、GPT活性与生产性能关系的研究

对新西兰白兔、加利福尼亚兔、布列塔尼亚兔(A系)、齐卡兔(G系)、布列塔尼亚兔(A系,♂)×新西兰白兔(♀)、布列塔尼亚兔(A系)(♂)×加利福尼亚兔(♀)、齐卡兔(G系)(♂)×新西兰白兔(♀)、齐卡兔(G系)(♂)×加利福尼亚兔(♀)100日龄血浆碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性,及其与100日龄体重、平均日增重和料重比的相关性进行了研究。结果表明:齐卡兔(G系)、齐卡兔(G系)(♂)×新西兰白兔(♀)、布列塔尼亚兔(A系)血浆AKP活性显著高于新西兰白兔、加利福尼亚兔、布列塔尼亚兔(A系)(♂)×加利福尼亚兔(♀)(P<0.05)。加利福尼亚兔血浆GPT活性显著高于齐卡兔(G系)(♂)×加利福尼亚兔(♀),其它六个品种(或组合)兔之间差异不显著。八个品种(或组合)兔血浆AKP活性与100日龄体重、平均日增重均呈正相关,总相关系数均达极显著水平(P<0.01),与料重比呈负相关,相关不显著。八个品种(或组合)兔血浆GPT活性与100日龄体重、平均日增重基本上呈负相关,且总相关系数达显著或极显著水平,与料重比基本上呈正相关,总相关系数不显著。     

Studies on the Nutrition of Spotted Sand Bass Paralabrax maculatofasciatus: Effect of the Dietary Protein Level on Growth and Protein Utilization in Juveniles Fed Semipurified Diets

Two feeding trials were conducted to determine the digestibility of a casein-based semi-purified diet and the effects of different protein levels on growth and protein use of spotted sand bass Paralabrax maculatofasciatus juveniles. For trial I, a semipurified diet with vitamin-free casein as the sole source of protein was fed three times a day to apparent satiation, for a period of 20 d. Feces were collected by siphoning each tank. The digestibility of the experimental diet was high: 97% for protein, 89% for lipids, and 84% for gross energy, whereas that of organic matter was 78%. For trial II, seven diets were formulated using vitamin-free casein at graded levels (25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, and 55% protein). Triplicate tanks for each dietary treatment were stocked with fish and fed by hand three times a day to apparent satiation for 6 wk. Perfomance of fish fed the different diets was evaluated for survival, percent weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio. Survival was 100% for all treatments. Growth of spotted sand bass juveniles increased as the dietary protein increased, but no evidence of reaching a plateau was found. The daily feed intake values showed an inverse relation to the protein content of the diets. The feed conversion ratio did not differ among diets containing 40% protein or greater. The results indicate that spotted sand bass juveniles with 2.5-g mean weight need at least 55% dietary protein for best growth when casein is the sole protein source. However, in terms of feed conversion ratio, the requirement apparently could be lower.     

Effect of Dietary Lipid Level and Feeding Frequency on the Growth,Feed Utilization,and Body Composition of Juvenile Spotted Seabass,Lateolabrax maculatus

A 6‐wk feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of different dietary lipid levels and feeding frequencies on the growth performance, feed utilization, and body composition of juvenile spotted seabass, Lateolabrax maculatus. Two experimental diets were prepared with two different dietary lipid contents, low lipid (7%; LL) and high lipid (14%; HL). Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish (5.5 ± 0.01 g) to apparent satiation at three meals per day, two meals per day, one meal per day, and one meal every 2 d, respectively, for 6 wk. Fish growth performance in terms of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was significantly affected by frequency of feeding, with increasing values as feeding frequency increased up to twice daily, regardless of dietary lipid content. In addition, fish fed the diet with the HL level (14%) showed significantly higher WG and SGR than those fed the LL diet (7%) at all the feeding frequencies tested. Feed efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were affected by both dietary lipid level and feeding frequency. FE and PER values were significantly higher in fish fed the HL diet and/or when fish were fed twice or thrice a day. However, daily feed intake and daily energy intake were significantly affected only by feeding frequency and were significantly reduced when the fish were fed only once every 2 d compared with those fed more frequently. Whole‐body moisture content of fish tended to decrease with increasing dietary lipid level and frequency of feeding. In contrast, whole‐body lipid content increased in fish as dietary lipid level and feeding frequency increased. Consequently, we can conclude that feeding spotted seabass twice daily to apparent satiation is acceptable and sufficient to achieve good growth and FE, as fish performance was not significantly enhanced when feeding was increased from two to three times daily.     

Evaluation of dietary protein and lipid requirements of two-banded seabream (Diplodus vulgaris) cultured in a recirculating aquaculture system

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on the growth performance and bioeconomic benefits of two-banded seabream (Diplodus vulgaris) juveniles, a candidate species for aquaculture sector. Eight experimental diets were formulated with four protein (50, 45, 40 and 35 %) levels for each of the two lipid levels (15 and 10 %). Triplicate groups of juvenile fish with an average initial body weight of ~3.64 g were reared in a recirculating aquaculture system and hand fed twice a day until satiation for a period of 60 days. In the experiment, no difference in survival rate was found between the different groups. Relative growth rate (RGR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and daily feed intake were not significantly affected by increasing protein and/or lipid treatments in this present study. However, the RGR, SGR and FCR values showed slightly better efficiency in the experimental group (35/15) fed with lower protein content (35 %) and higher lipid level (15 %) compared with those fed other diets. According to bioeconomic analyses results, the diet with the 35 % protein and 15 % lipid generated the best profit. The results suggest that two-banded seabream can be accepted as a promising alternative species for the aquaculture industry and optimum growth of two-banded seabream fingerlings can be obtained when they are fed a diet containing 35 % crude protein and 15 % crude lipid.     

Effect of Daily Feeding Ratio on Growth and Body Composition of Subadult Olive Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, Fed an Extruded Diet during the Summer Season

A 10‐wk feeding trial to determine the effect of daily feeding ratio on growth and body composition of subadult olive flounder fed the extruded pellet (EP) was performed during the summer season. Thirteen flounder (an initial body weight of 319 g) per tank were distributed into fifteen 500‐L flow‐through tanks. Five treatments of feeding ratio in 5% decrement were prepared in triplicate: 100 (satiation), 95, 90, 85, and 80% of satiation. Fish in the control group (100% of satiation) were hand‐fed to apparent satiation twice a day. Then, feed allowance in the rest of the four groups was determined based on average feed consumption of fish in the control group. Weight gain of fish fed to 100% of satiation was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of fish fed to 85 and 80% of satiation but not significantly (P > 0.05) different from that of fish fed to 95 and 90% of satiation. Serum total protein, glucose, and glutamic pyruvic transaminase were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by feeding ratio but triglyceride and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase were. In considering these results, it can be concluded that optimum daily feeding ratio for growth of subadult olive flounder seemed to be 90% of satiation when fish were fed the EP twice a day during the summer season.     

Dietary Protein Level and Feeding Rate for Hybrid Clariid Catfish,Clarias gariepinus X Heterobranchus bidorsalis,in Homestead Tanks

Abstract

A 3 × 3 factorial experiment was designed to determine the effects of protein levels and feeding rate on growth and body composition of hybrid clariid catfish, Clarias gariepinusX Heterobranchus bidorsalis, over 12 weeks experimental period. Hybrid catfish (initial mean weight 12.53±0.35 g) were stocked in three feeding rates (3%, 5%, or 7% body weight/day (bw/day) and three crude protein levels (30%, 35%, or 40%). Each treatment was assigned randomly to three tanks. Final weight was higher for fish fed at 40% than those fed at 30% and 35% CP. There was no significant difference (P >0.05) in fish fed at 3%, 5%, and 7% bw/day. Also, there was no significant interaction between feeding rate and dietary protein level for weight gain, specific growth rate or feed conversion ratio. Weight gain and feed efficiency under feeding rates increased linearly as protein level increased. Dietary protein levels and feeding rate had significant effect on fish survival. Protein levels had a positive linear effect on fish body protein in all the feeding rates. Based on the above results, 40% CP level and 5% bw/day feeding rate are suggested to be optimal for achieving optimum growth rate and body composition.     

Effects of different feeding frequency on the growth, survival and feed conversion ratio of the Asian sea bass Lates calcarifer juveniles reared under hypersaline seawater of the Red Sea

The effects of several feeding frequencies of two, three and four times per day on Asian sea bass Lates calcarifer growth performance have been tested. Fish were reared under ambient Red Sea water conditions; these fish were fed diets containing 48% crude protein for 45 days. The present study was carried out at the Faculty of Marine Science (Abhor branch). The results show that fish population fed twice daily had significantly better growth with a mean body weight and daily weight increment of 59.04 and 1.31 g, respectively (P<0.05), than the other population fed three or four times daily. No significant differences were observed between fish fed two and three times daily in length gain and daily length increment. Growth in weight and length was increased gradually and no mortality was observed during the experimental period. In all the feeding trials, the body weight increased with an increase in length (R²=0.87 and 0.90). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly affected by feeding frequencies, with a significantly better FCR value of 2.43 in fish fed twice daily (P<0.05) compared with the other two populations fed three and four times daily. These results led to the conclusion that feeding two times daily would result in better growth and utilization of feed for the Asian sea bass L. calcarifer juvenile.     

日粮中添加硒对断奶南江黄羊羔生长性能的影响

选用南江黄羊断奶羊羔10只,按性别、年龄、体重基本一致的原则随机分为对照组和试验组,每组4只公羊,1只母羊,进行45d舍饲饲养试验。试验组在与对照组基础日粮相同的日粮中添加0.15mg/kg的硒。结果表明:试验期对照组和试验组只均增重分别为(4.25±0.68)kg、(5.6±0.78)kg,平均日增重分别为93.34g和124.46g,两组间增重差异显著(P<0.05)。     

Quantitative Protein Requirements of the Edible Snail Pomacea urceus (Muller)

Six isocaloric, semi-purified diets containing 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40% crude protein were formulated and fed to juvenile Pomacea urceus (mean length 34.8 mm, mean weight 7.35 g) at the daily rate of 4% biomass over an 18-wk period. The best weight gain of 230% was obtained with the test diet containing 30% crude protein, but was not significantly different from the weight gain of 228% obtained with the 20% protein diet. A lower feed conversion ratio (1.77 compared with 1.90) was obtained with the test diet containing 20% crude protein. A diet containing 20% crude protein is recommended for the culture of Pomacea urceus.