日粮添加柑桔皮粉对肉仔鸡生长及营养物质代谢的影响

将1日龄肉用仔鸡90只随机分成3组,每组30只。一组是对照组,试验1组和试验2组分别饲喂在基础日粮的基础上添加了1.5%和2.5%柑桔皮粉的日粮,试验期24d。结果表明,在日粮中添加柑桔皮粉的试验鸡效果显著好于对照组。料重比、饲料转化率、只均增重、饲料表观代谢率、体成分中营养物质含量都分别显著高于对照组。2个试验组的经济效益比对照组鸡分别提高了27.35%和29.46%。     

桑树代替豆粕的日粮对荷斯坦肉公牛生产性能及经济效益的影响

试验研究荷斯坦公肉牛日粮分别添加0%、15%、30%的桑树代替部分或全部豆粕对其生产性能和经济效益影响,将24头荷斯坦公肉牛随机分为3组,每组8头进行饲养试验。结果显示:测定全珠桑树粗蛋白质(干物质计)含量为26.7%;公肉牛饲喂添加15%(试验I组)和30%(试验II组)桑树代替部分或全部豆粕日粮,其体增重与对照组比较无显著差异(ρ0.05),但饲料成本降低,若按每千克体增重的饲料成本计算,试验I组和试验II组每千克体增重饲料费分别比对照组降低0.34元和1.06元。     

两种养殖模式对快大型肉鸡生长性能及养殖效益的影响

目的研究南方地区不同饲养模式对快大型肉鸡生长性能及养殖效益的影响。方法试验用1日龄罗斯308白羽肉鸡117 000只,随机分成2组,每组3个重复,每个重复19 500只,一组采用发酵床养殖(稻壳垫料+发酵菌,以下简称试验组),另一组是普通地面平养(地面垫有稻壳,以下简称对照组),养殖过程中分别统计试验鸡的增重、成活率、料肉比、出栏均重等肉鸡生长指标及各投入与收益进行综合比较。结果试验组和对照组试验肉鸡在10日龄、20日龄、30日龄时只均重分别为308.33 g、933.67 g、1629.33 g和278.67 g、885.33 g、1571.67 g,差异不显著(P0.05);42日龄出栏时,试验组只均重比对照组多273.67 g,差异显著(P0.05);料肉比降低0.08,差异显著(P0.05);活率提高0.65%,差异不显著(P0.05);在经济效益方面,试验组组比对照组多收益2.85万元。结论:稻壳垫料+鸡粪发酵菌饲养模式为南方地区较佳的快大型肉鸡饲养模式。     

陈化稻糙米代替玉米日粮对肉鸭生产性能的影响

本文研究了陈化稻糙米代替玉米日粮对肉鸭生产性能的影响。试验选择11日龄的樱桃谷肉鸭1200只,平均分为4个组,分别为对照组、试验1、试验2、试验3,每组300只,每组设3个重复,每个重复100只。分别饲喂4种日粮:对照组为玉米—豆粕型日粮(玉米为60%),试验1、2、3组日粮为以陈化稻糙米依次取代对照组日粮中玉米的40%、70%、100%。肉鸭19日龄时,进行对照组日粮和试验3组日粮消化代谢试验。试验结果显示,试验1、试验2、试验3组比对照组肉鸭平均日增分别提高0.20%、2.51%和1.28%,试验1、试验2、试验3组比对照组肉鸭料重比分别降低2.33%、4.52%、5.78%,陈化稻糙米取代玉米日粮有利于提高肉鸭的生产性能;陈化稻糙米全部取代玉米对肉鸭采食有一定影响;陈化稻糙米取代玉米日粮有利于改善肉鸭的表观代谢率;陈化稻糙米取代玉米日粮对肉鸭的商品质量有一定影响。陈化稻糙米作为能量饲料取代肉鸭日粮中的玉米是可行的。     

油脂对肉鸭生产性能的影响

本次试验选用200只1日龄樱桃谷商品肉鸭,随机分成4组,每组50只,试验I组、II组和III组在前期日粮中分别添喂3%、6％和9%的大豆油;对照组只喂基础日粮,不喂大豆油,结果表明：各试验组42日龄平均体重与对照组相比较差异显著（P＜005）,分别提高体重33g、389、52g,以添加9％的比例效果最好：饲料中添加大豆油对肉鸭成活率无任何不良影响,且能提高饲料的转化率     

粗酶制剂对雏鹅生长的影响

南京农业大学艾晓杰、韩正康分别选用24只(试验1)和18只(试验2)7日龄雏鹅,均随机分成对照组和试验组.饲以大表(占45%)基础日粮,试验组添加0.1%的Biokyowa粗酶制剂,试验期分别为7～60日龄和7～21日龄.结果:在试验1、2中,粗酶制剂使7～21日龄阶段鹅增重分别较对照组提高24.25%(P＜0.01)和22.50%(P＜0.01),料重比分别下降7.29%和7.21%.试验1在21～28日龄和28～35日龄增重分别较对照组高18.59%(P＜0.01)和19.62%(P＜0.01),采食量增加,料重比有所下降.雏鹅每周的相对生长速率随年龄的增长而呈下降趋势.酶制剂组在7～14日龄和14～21日龄阶段的相对生长速率明显高于对照组.试验1中,21日龄后酶制剂组与对照组的生长速率无显著差异.以上结果表明:粗酶制剂通过改善雏鹅对大麦日粮的消化,提高机体对饲料的转化效率,从而促进其生长.     

日粮添加柑桔皮粉对肉仔鸡生长及营养物质代谢的影响

将1日龄肉用仔鸡90只随机分成3组，每组30只。一组是时照组．试验l组和试验2组分别饲喂在基础日粮的基础上添加了1．5％和2．5％柑桔皮粉的日粮，试验期24d。结果表明，在日粮中添加柑桔皮粉的试验鸡效果显著好于对照组。抖重比、饲料转化率、只均增重、饲料袁观代谢率、体成分中营养物质含量都分别显著高于对照组。2个试验组的经济效益比时照组鸡分别提高了27.35％和29．46％。     

不同日粮能量水平对幼兔生长发育的影响

研究选择90只35日龄的加利福利亚健康幼兔为试验材料,随机分为D1、D2和D33个试验组,每组30只,公母各半。在其它营养水平相同的情况下,3个试验组的日粮能量水平分别设计为消化能11MJ/kg、10.5MJ/kg、10MJ/kg,研究不同能量水平日粮对幼兔日增重、料肉比、腹泻率、死亡率等指标的影响。结果表明,D3组的平均日增重最高(29.84g),D1次之(28.67g),D2最低(26.58g);3个试验组的料肉比分别为4.60:1、4.33:1和3.55:1,而生产1kg兔肉需要饲料成本最低的是D3组。D3组无死亡,腹泻率是3.3%。经济效益分析发现,并依据本研究结果,推荐幼兔饲养的日粮适宜能量需求水平为10.0MJ/kg。     

育肥肉牛日粮含不同水平精饲料对其生产性能和经济效益影响的研究

目的试验探讨西门塔尔育肥肉牛日粮中含不同水平精饲料对其体增重和经济效益的影响,为肉牛快速育肥和生产优质牛肉提供参考依据。方法试验选取27头日龄、体重相近(约350kg)的西门塔尔公牛随机分为对照、试验A和试验B 3组,每组9头,分别饲喂精饲料占体重0.5%、1.5%和2%的日粮,各组青粗饲料相同。结果饲喂试验B组日粮的平均总增重和日增重均极显著高于对照组,但试验A组与试验B组比较增重、平均日增重无显著性差异;在经济效益方面,试验A组和试验B组的日获利润均分别高于对照组1.67元、6.46元。结论在西门塔尔肉牛育肥阶段,提高日粮中精饲料比例可提高肉牛日增重和养殖经济效益。     

双低菜粕在肉鸭日粮中的应用研究

通过饲养试验探讨Canola双低菜粕在肉鸭日粮中的应用。选用10日龄的樱桃谷肉鸭1500羽,随机分为1个对照组和4个试验组,添加不同比例双低菜粕穴分别占日粮的0、5%、10%、15%、20%雪代替部分豆粕用于肉鸭日粮,保持各组营养水平一致。通过肉鸭饲养试验,考察增重、料肉比和经济效益等指标。试验结果表明各组增重差异不大穴P>0.05雪,双低菜粕在肉鸭中的适宜使用比例为10%,肉鸭饲料中使用双低菜粕可以提高经济效益。     

日粮中添加酶制剂对肉兔生长性能的影响

为研究日粮中添加饲用酶制剂对新西兰肉兔生长性能的影响,特进行本试验。选择60只30日龄断奶新西兰兔按窝配对分为3组,C组为对照组,T1组和T2组日粮中分别添加0.8%和0.15%饲用复合酶制剂,测定各组日增重、日耗料、饲料转化率。结果表明:肉兔日粮中加入适量的酶制剂可以提高肉兔的日增重和饲料转化率,降低生产成本;酶制剂的剂量以0.15%效果较好,0.8%的酶制剂剂量似有些过量。     

肉兔血浆AKP、GPT活性与生产性能关系的研究

对新西兰白兔、加利福尼亚兔、布列塔尼亚兔(A系)、齐卡兔(G系)、布列塔尼亚兔(A系,♂)×新西兰白兔(♀)、布列塔尼亚兔(A系)(♂)×加利福尼亚兔(♀)、齐卡兔(G系)(♂)×新西兰白兔(♀)、齐卡兔(G系)(♂)×加利福尼亚兔(♀)100日龄血浆碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性,及其与100日龄体重、平均日增重和料重比的相关性进行了研究。结果表明:齐卡兔(G系)、齐卡兔(G系)(♂)×新西兰白兔(♀)、布列塔尼亚兔(A系)血浆AKP活性显著高于新西兰白兔、加利福尼亚兔、布列塔尼亚兔(A系)(♂)×加利福尼亚兔(♀)(P<0.05)。加利福尼亚兔血浆GPT活性显著高于齐卡兔(G系)(♂)×加利福尼亚兔(♀),其它六个品种(或组合)兔之间差异不显著。八个品种(或组合)兔血浆AKP活性与100日龄体重、平均日增重均呈正相关,总相关系数均达极显著水平(P<0.01),与料重比呈负相关,相关不显著。八个品种(或组合)兔血浆GPT活性与100日龄体重、平均日增重基本上呈负相关,且总相关系数达显著或极显著水平,与料重比基本上呈正相关,总相关系数不显著。     

Studies on the Nutrition of Spotted Sand Bass Paralabrax maculatofasciatus: Effect of the Dietary Protein Level on Growth and Protein Utilization in Juveniles Fed Semipurified Diets

Two feeding trials were conducted to determine the digestibility of a casein-based semi-purified diet and the effects of different protein levels on growth and protein use of spotted sand bass Paralabrax maculatofasciatus juveniles. For trial I, a semipurified diet with vitamin-free casein as the sole source of protein was fed three times a day to apparent satiation, for a period of 20 d. Feces were collected by siphoning each tank. The digestibility of the experimental diet was high: 97% for protein, 89% for lipids, and 84% for gross energy, whereas that of organic matter was 78%. For trial II, seven diets were formulated using vitamin-free casein at graded levels (25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, and 55% protein). Triplicate tanks for each dietary treatment were stocked with fish and fed by hand three times a day to apparent satiation for 6 wk. Perfomance of fish fed the different diets was evaluated for survival, percent weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio. Survival was 100% for all treatments. Growth of spotted sand bass juveniles increased as the dietary protein increased, but no evidence of reaching a plateau was found. The daily feed intake values showed an inverse relation to the protein content of the diets. The feed conversion ratio did not differ among diets containing 40% protein or greater. The results indicate that spotted sand bass juveniles with 2.5-g mean weight need at least 55% dietary protein for best growth when casein is the sole protein source. However, in terms of feed conversion ratio, the requirement apparently could be lower.     

日粮中添加硒对断奶南江黄羊羔生长性能的影响

选用南江黄羊断奶羊羔10只,按性别、年龄、体重基本一致的原则随机分为对照组和试验组,每组4只公羊,1只母羊,进行45d舍饲饲养试验。试验组在与对照组基础日粮相同的日粮中添加0.15mg/kg的硒。结果表明:试验期对照组和试验组只均增重分别为(4.25±0.68)kg、(5.6±0.78)kg,平均日增重分别为93.34g和124.46g,两组间增重差异显著(P<0.05)。     

Effects of tank colour and feed colour on growth and feed utilization of thinlip mullet (Liza ramada) larvae

The effects of aquarium background colour and feed colour on survival, growth rates and feed utilization efficiency of thinlip mullet (Liza ramada) larvae (0.035 g) were investigated in two experiments. In the aquarium background colour trial, 50 larvae were stocked in duplicates in 120 L glass aquaria filled with dechlorinated tap water. The outside walls and bottoms of each pair of the aquaria were covered with coloured paper sheets to achieve one of six colours (white, black, red, green, yellow and blue), while noncoloured aquaria served as a control. The fish were fed an experimental diet (35% crude protein) at a daily rate of 5% of their body weight (BW), twice a day for 8 weeks. The best growth rates, feed efficiency and survival were achieved in larvae reared in light‐coloured aquaria (white, noncoloured and yellow). Fish performance was significantly retarded in larvae reared in dark‐coloured aquaria (red, green, black and blue). Body composition was not significantly affected by aquarium colour. In a feed colour trial, duplicate groups of larvae (0.035 g) were stocked at 50 fish per 120 L aquarium and fed a test diet (35% crude protein) with six different colours [dark blue, red, yellow, light brown (control), light green and dark brown] at a daily rate of 5% BW, twice a day for 8 weeks. The best performance and survival were achieved in fish fed on dark‐coloured diets (red, dark blue and dark brown). Light‐coloured diets (yellow, light green and light brown) resulted in inferior performance. Body composition was not significantly affected by feed colour. These results suggest that light‐coloured tanks should be used for rearing thinlip mullet, L. ramada larvae, while dark‐coloured diets are more preferable to light‐coloured diets.     

植酸酶对肉鸡生产性能和胴体品质及肉质性状的影响

为了研究植酸酶不同添加量对肉鸡生长和胴体品质的影响。选择2周龄青脚麻鸡142只,随机分成4组。试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组用500g/t植酸酶分别代替60%、70%和80%的磷酸氢钙,试验Ⅳ组为对照组。试验结果表明:用植酸酶取代60%的磷酸氢钙,肉鸡的日增重和饲料报酬均优于其它试验组和对照组(P<0.05)。添加植酸酶后,肉鸡的屠宰率、全净膛率、半净膛率、腿比率和胸肌率与对照组相比较无显著差异;熟肉率、滴水损失率等肉质指标与对照组比较亦差异不显著,而肉的嫩度第Ⅲ组劣于其它各组。综上所述,在肉鸡日粮中以500g/t的植酸酶代替60%的磷酸氢钙可以提高肉鸡的生长性能,是最佳的替代比例。而对屠宰性能和肉质无明显影响。     

Effects of three dietary protein levels on the growth of pacu, Colossoma mitrei Berg, in cages

Abstract. Artificially reproduced pacu, Colossoma mitrei Berg, fingerlings (initial weight 41 g) were stocked (100/m³) in plastic cages (1·0m³) within a freshwater reservoir. Three diets containing 30, 35 and 40% protein were tested in quadruplicate over a 76-day experimental feeding period. Fish were fed 7 days a week, twice daily at a feeding regime of 4% body weight/day from stock to 100g and thereafter at 3% until harvest. Mean water temperature over the trial was 26·7°C. Significant differences were observed in total and daily gain and in protein efficiency ratio, while no differences were obtained in the feed conversion ratio between treatments. Based on this study a 35% protein ration is recommended for pacu within floating cages.     

饵料中不同维生素E添加量对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长和体色的影响

试验探讨了饵料中添加不同水平的维生素E对黄颡鱼生长及体色的影响,在基础饵料中分别添加0(对照组)、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8和1.0 g/kg维生素E(含量50%)配制成1～6#饵料,在1～6#饵料中维生素E含量分别为68、175、268、364、482和562 mg/kg。在水温26～28℃下,用上述饵料分别投喂体重(21.18±13.31)g的黄颡鱼60 d,从相对增重率、饵料系数和成活率等方面来看,黄颡鱼饵料中维生素E适宜含量为268 mg/kg。     

不同饲料添加剂对断乳仔猪生产性能的影响观察

本实验选择湖北白猪IV系,35日龄断奶仔猪27窝,共236头分九组。用3×3正交设计Lg(34),检验基础日粮中添加不同水平的甲酸钙(0.1%、2%),杆菌肽锌(0.63万IU,126万IU),铜(75mg/kg、150mg/kg),其组合效应及其对断奶仔猪影响。试验由45日龄正式开始到75日龄结束。30d试验结果表明:以不加甲酸钙的第2组(添加63万IU杆菌肽锌和75mg/kg铜)的平均日增重,饲料利用率和经济效益较好。添加甲酸钙的6个组平均日增重,饲料利用率及经济效益不如1、2、3组。其中第2、3组平均日增重分别是452、449g,与NRC(1988)规定10～20kg日增重450g接近,而且比第1组(空白)提高了6.35%,5.65%,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。每千克增重饲料成本2、3组分别比第1组(2.117元)降低14.7%和11.4%,饲料利用率2、3组分别比1组(2.02)提高了15.3%,12.7%。