Total luminous flux: a possible response determinant for the normal monkey

Thirteen normal monkeys (Macaca mulatta) trained to discriminate between transilluminated figures of equal area and different luminance, and consequently different luminous flux, made similar numbers of errors during training on a new problem with the same luminance values but with targets equated for luminous flux. These findings together with results of "critical trials" suggest that the significant cue in the original problem was luminous flux. This behavior is strikingly similar to what has been reported for the monkey following exclusion of the geniculostriate system.     

Moon Illusion: An Event in Imaginary Space

The illusion was obtained with artificial moons viewed against a luminous ceiling, and also with an imaginary ceiling induced by first showing a luminous ceiling and then removing it before the moons were introduced.     

大豆种子超弱发光的研究——Ⅱ.光子辐射强度与种子活力的相关性

大豆种子经老化处理后,以干种子、干粉和萌发24h的种子为材料进行超弱发光强度的测定。结果表明,种子发芽率和活力指数与发光强度呈高度负相关,相关系数则在-0.888～-0.965之间,相关性干粉>干种子>萌发种子。利用超弱发光强度估价种子活力是一种快速、简便、不破坏种子的新方法。     

电磁场对绿豆萌芽的超弱发光和腺苷三磷酸的影响

本文报道了１０００ｖ／ｃｍ，５００ｖ／ｃｍ静电场和０．１Ｔ，０．２Ｔ恒磁场对绿豆萌芽的超弱发光强度以及腺苷三磷酸含量的影响及其机理。     

The most luminous stars

Stars with individual luminosities more than a million times that of the sun are now being studied in a variety of contexts. Observational and theoretical ideas about the most luminous stars have changed greatly in the past few years. They can be observed spectroscopically even in nearby galaxies. They are not very stable; some have had violent outbursts in which large amounts of mass were lost. Because of their instabilities, these stars do not evolve to become red superglants as less luminous stars do. Theoretical scenarios for the evolution of these most massive stars depend on the effects of turbulence and mixing combined with high radition densities.     

不同光强对美国红栌叶片结构的影响

对美国红栌进行了为期35 d不同光照强度的处理,处理结束后,分别测定美国红栌比叶鲜质量与叶片栅栏组织、叶片海绵组织和叶片厚度。结果表明,不同光照强度处理下的叶片结构呈明显差异;在自然光照条件下,比叶鲜质量、叶片及其栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度最高;在相对光强为60%的条件下,叶片厚度、叶片栅栏组织厚度和海绵组织厚度极显著小于对照,比叶鲜质量也极显著低于对照;在相对光照强度为30%的条件下,叶片厚度、叶片栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度与比叶鲜质量的下降更为显著。     

两种生物测试法在水质监测与评价中的应用比较

[目的]比较两种生物测试法在水质监测与评价中的应用。[方法]分别采用蚕豆根尖细胞微核法和发光细菌法两种常用生物测试方法,测试了不同浓度梯度的重金属(汞、镉、砷、六价铬、铅)、有机污染物(阴离子表面活性剂、化学需氧量)溶液及其混合溶液,比较这两种方法在相同污染物和污染浓度下的检测结果,以了解其各自对常见污染物的敏感程度及敏感浓度。[结果]在相同的污染物及浓度梯度下,蚕豆根尖细胞微核法对总汞、镉、总砷和六价铬有反应,对铅、阴离子表面活性剂、化学需氧量均不敏感;发光细菌法对大多数污染物均有反应,但对六价铬的敏感度较低。从对污染物的敏感程度和敏感浓度来看,两种方法可以互为补充,发光细菌法优于蚕豆根尖细胞微核法。同时,多种低浓度污染物联合作用的生物毒性不容忽视,生物测试法在对多种低浓度污染物的联合毒性检测方面较常规化学法更为快速、有效。[结论]该研究为生物测试法的相关性分析提供了理论依据。     

IRAS 14348-1447, an Ultraluminous Pair of Colliding, Gas-Rich Galaxies: The Birth of a Quasar?

Ground-based observations of the object IRAS 14348-1447, which was discovered with the Infrared Astronomical Satellite, show that it is an extremely luminous colliding galaxy system that emits more than 95 percent of its energy at far-infrared wavelengths. IRAS 14348-1447, which is receeding from the sun at 8 percent of the speed of light, has a bolometric luminosity more than 100 times larger than that of our galaxy, and is therefore as luminous as optical quasars. New optical, infrared, and spectroscopic measurements suggest that the dominant luminosity source is a dustenshrouded quasar. The fuel for the intense activity is an enormous supply of molecular gas. Carbon monoxide emission has been detected at a wavelength of 2.6 millimeters by means of a new, more sensitive receiver recently installed on the 12-meter telescope of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory. IRAS 14348-1447 is the most distant and luminous source of carbon monoxide line emission yet detected. The derived mass of interstellar molecular hydrogen is 6 x 10(10) solar masses. This value is approximately 20 times that of the molecular gas content of the Milky Way and is similar to the largest masses of atomic hydrogen found in galaxies. A large mass of molecular gas may be a prerequisite for the formation of quasars during strong galactic collisions.     

一种新型生物能源发光苔藓的研究

利用转基因技术将萤火虫的荧光基因和苔藓融合,产生一种新的生物替代能源,其原理是通过荧光现象和光合作用的协同,实现低消耗的能量循环,成为一个自给自足的供光体系。作为地下的供光系统,苔藓的某些生活特性可以有效地解决矿难的发生。其衍生品光苔灯,可以应用到公共环境照明中。以光苔能源改善社会的能源结构,从而达到可持续发展的目的,实现绿色能源的广泛普及。     

Television image of a large upward electrical discharge above a thunderstorm system

An image of an unusual luminous electrical discharge over a thunderstorm 250 kilometers from the observing site has been obtained with a low-light-level television camera. The discharge began at the cloud tops at 14 kilometers and extended into the clear air 20 kilometers higher. The image, which had a duration of less than 30 milliseconds,resembled two jets or fountains and was probably caused by two localizd electric charge concentrations at the cloud tops. Large upward discharges may create a hazard for aircraft and rocket launches and, by penetrating into the ionosphere, may initiate whistler waves and other effects on a magnetospheric scale. Such upward electrical discharges may account for unexplained photometric observations of distant lightning events that showed a low rise rate of the luminous pulse and no electromagnetic sferic pulse of the type that accompanies cloud-to-earth lightning strokes. An unusually high rate of such photometric events was recorded during the night of 22 to 23 September 1989 during a storm associated with hurricane Hugo.     

Luminous supernovae

Supernovae, the luminous explosions of stars, have been observed since antiquity. However, various examples of superluminous supernovae (SLSNe; luminosities >7 × 10(43) ergs per second) have only recently been documented. From the accumulated evidence, SLSNe can be classified as radioactively powered (SLSN-R), hydrogen-rich (SLSN-II), and hydrogen-poor (SLSN-I, the most luminous class). The SLSN-II and SLSN-I classes are more common, whereas the SLSN-R class is better understood. The physical origins of the extreme luminosity emitted by SLSNe are a focus of current research.     

Isolation of 2,6-dibromophenol from the marine hemichordate, Balanoglossus biminiensis

2,6-Dibromophenol has been isolated from a luminous marine enteropneust, Balanoglossus biminiensis, found on intertidal beach areas at Sapelo Island, Georgia. This compound, responsible for the characteristic "iodoform-like" odor of these animals, is present in relatively large amounts; the estimated quantity per organism is 10 to 15 milligrams. Identity of the isolated substance as 2,6 dibromophenol is based on analyses of ultraviolet, infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, mass spectrometry analysis, and on melting-point data.     

一种呫吨荧光分子在植物细胞中的应用研究

以呫吨荧光分子为染色剂,对洋葱的内表皮细胞进行活体染色,结果表明:染色后的细胞发光面积较大,发光强度较高,染色剂与洋葱内表皮细胞壁的亲和能力强,染色效果理想。     

利用光反射特性检测水果品质的试验研究

本研究是以桔子为试样,对水果光反射特性进行了试验研究,论述了用分叉光纤作为探测头的测试系统捡测果品品质的可行性。     

Visual form discrimination after removal of the visual cortex in cats

Adult cats were trained to discriminate between erect and inverted triangles after simultaneous ablation of cortical areas 17, 18, and most of 19 of both hemispheres. Postoperative training proceeded through a graded series of similar triangle pairs in which the members of each pair were equated for luminous flux.     

LED补光对火龙果植株开花结实及产量和锤度的影响

采用4种LED灯对日光温室火龙果进行夜间补光试验，结果显示，LED补光能显著促进火龙果花芽分化、增加花芽数量、提高产量，但未能增加糖分的积累。春季补光能提早开花至3月，相对于不补光增加结果4~5个批次；秋季补光能延迟开花至11月底，增加结果1-2个批次。补光后单株花芽数量最高可达29.7个；单株结果数可达7.37个；单株产量可达2.82kg；增产率达80.85%；但果实锤度保持在19.21%～20.37%之间。建议使用光效高、光通量大的LED等进行补光。     

全收粪法与尼龙袋法测定幼羊全混合日粮养分消化率的相关性研究

选用 4只正常幼公羊及 4只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的幼公羊 ,按 4× 4拉丁方设计 ,分别用全收粪法与尼龙袋法测定不同加工处理组合对幼羊全混合日粮 ( TMR)干物质 ( DM)、有机物( OM)、粗蛋白 ( CP)表观消化率及瘤胃 4 8h消失率的影响 ,并分析其相关性。试验结果表明 ,在含玉米秸的 TMR中 ,以尿素精料等氮代替豆饼对日粮 DM,OM,CP的表观消化率及瘤胃消失率均无明显不利影响 ( P>0 .0 5) ;在含尿素精料的 TMR中 ,玉米告的碱化处理使日粮 DM,OM的表观消化率及瘤胃消失率分别提高了 12 .90 % ( P<0 .0 1)后 ,12 .78 ( P<0 .0 1)以及 8.65( P<0 .0 5)和 8.17 ( P<0 .0 5) ,而 CP的表观消化率及瘤胃消失率均无明显改善 ( P>0 .0 5) :对含尿素精料及碱化玉米秸的 TMR进行颗粒化加工 ,并未明显影响日粮 DM,OM,CP的表观消化率及瘤胃消失率 ( P>0 .0 5)。用全收粪法与尼龙袋法测得全混合日粮 DM,OM,CP的表观消化率与瘤胃 4 8小时消失率呈强的正相关 ( P<0 .1)。因而在具备瘤胃瘘管羊时 ,可用尼龙袋法简化 TMR营养价值评定     

猕猴桃单枝上架高光效整形修剪技术

猕猴桃是多年生经济植物,架形的优劣直接影响到猕猴桃的产量与品质,是猕猴桃丰产、优质、高效的基本保证。现针对猕猴桃单枝上架技术及配套架形,树形培养过程及常见树形改造等内容进行了阐述,为大面积推广该技术提供参考。     

Volcanic origin of the eruptive plumes on io

A quadruple long exposure of Io in eclipse exhibits faint auroral emission from the eruptive plumes. No luminous spots in the vents, predicted by Gold, were observed. Heat from the interior of Io appears to be the predominant source of energy in the plumes.