Multi-sectoral Participatory Urban Forestry Development in Philippines＇ Metropolitan Manila

Metropolitan Manila, the capital region of the Philippines, initiated urban forestry projects to showcase its environmental benefits. Metro Manila was once a part of a tropical mangrove forest dominated by small trees locally called nilad (Scyphiphora hydrophyllaceae). The fast-paced urbanization transformed the original ecosystem into a bustling metropolis subjected to environmental decay. The establishment of urban forestry is one of the interventions sought by the government to mitigate the environmental conditions.Thus, the concept of participatory urban forestry was formalized in 1988 by the national government.However, it was during the early years of the 1970s that the idea of exerting collective effort in greening Metro Manila started through the Green Revolution, with the primary motive of uplifting the economic condition of the people rather than on ecological enhancement. The project was forced on the people to plant vegetables and fruit trees with less emphasis on forest trees species. Although the project was not successful,the government realized that the citizenry could be a great partner for a collective worthwhile undertaking.     

南方集体林区林业经济转型水平评价及驱动因素分析

立足当前生态文明建设和林业发展,文中从产业结构转型、劳动力就业结构转型和生态环境建设3方面构建我国南方集体林区林业经济转型指标体系,基于2000—2019年面板数据,运用熵值法测算林业经济转型水平,采用固定效应模型实证探究促进林业经济转型的驱动因素。结果显示:1)南方集体林区林业经济转型水平总体呈上升趋势,转型平均水平从2000年的0.51升至2019年的0.90,林业产业结构和劳动力就业结构趋向合理化转变;2)影响南方集体林区林业经济转型的主要为林业投资、技术水平、森林资源和林业系统工资水平的积极驱动作用,以及林权制度改革的政策冲击和城镇水平提高所产生的一定阻碍作用;3)不同水平下林业经济转型的主要驱动因素存在差异,转型水平较低阶段主要受技术水平、森林资源、人才资源、经济水平、城镇水平和工资水平影响,转型水平较高阶段主要受制度创新、林业投资、森林资源和工资水平影响。森林资源的丰富程度对各方面均会产生影响,森林资源较少地区林业经济转型受制度创新和技术水平影响显著,森林资源较多地区则受技术水平、森林资源、城镇水平和工资水平影响显著。结合南方集体林区林业经济转型发展的现状及实证分析结果,提出应进一步完善林业改革制度配套措施、加快发展第三产业、拓宽资金渠道、提高林业劳动力供给质量等有利于推动林区林业经济转型的对策建议。     

美国的城市林业

本文介绍了城市林业的内涵以及在美国的发展简史。作者还对其经营范围、法规制定、价值计算、行道树管理、教育和科学研究等作了阐述。     

Social and Ecnomic Values of Urban Forestry：Malaysian Perspective

1 INTRODUCTIONUrban forestry means different things to differentpeople, depending on one’s perspective. Some peopleview urban forestry in terms of economic values,rather than cultural or social values, whereas othersmay perceive it in terms of all three types of values.As such, the management of urban green spaces maybe tailored to suchvalues. To Kuchelmeisterand TREECITY (1998), urban greening and urban forestry aretwo different fields altogether. They referred to urbangreening as t…     

State of Art and Knowledge of Urban Forestry in the Philippines

1 INTRODUCTIONUrban Forestry is an emerging science and art in thePhilippines. Its concepts and principles are quite similarwith traditional forestry being both resourcemanagement systems. However, urban forestrysobjectives are more focused on the protective,ameliorative, aesthetic and amenities rather than onproductive roles.As a resource management strategy, urban forestryinvolves wise use, management and/or manipulationof the resources that include individual trees and otherplants com…     

美国家庭森林发展和保护经验与启示

在我国集体林权制度改革之后,集体林地实行均山到户政策,由林农单独管理,难以实现统一的可持续经营,由此造成森林质量较低、森林生态服务能力减弱等问题,为此借鉴他国经验具有重要意义。文中从3个方面整理总结美国家庭森林发展与保护方面的经验,首先梳理其由政府主导构建的家庭林业政策扶持体系,其次对非政府环保组织培育的新型林业经营主体——“森林银行”进行分析,最后介绍美国利用市场激励机制通过林业碳汇项目引导家庭林主加强林地管护的做法;据此提出促进我国集体林发展的建议:完善林地产权制度,保障林农合法权益;构筑全方位的政策扶持体系;发展环保非政府组织,培育新型林业经营主体;积极发展林业碳汇项目。     

云龙县林权抵押贷款中存在的问题及对策

指出了云龙县自2006年集体林权制度改革以来,全县以自留山、责任山为经营主体,加上其他经营方式,共完成确权发证370万亩。2008年底,主体改革基本结束,配套改革全面推进,林权抵押贷款作为配套改革的主要内容之一,政府采取了一系列措施,强力推进,但由于林权抵押贷款存在风险大、变现能力差等因素而工作效果不明显。为了积极稳步推进林权抵押贷款工作,对云龙县林权抵押贷款的现状进行了分析,并提出了核发经济林木（果）权证,利用经济林木（果）作为抵押物,可以有效破解林权抵押贷款中存在的问题。     

珠海市城区林地管理与集体林权制度改革

介绍珠海市城区林地管理和收入情况,以及林业生态建设现状.阐述城区森林资源林权制度历史沿革和管理情况.分析城区集体林地不适宜进行集体林权制度改革的原因,包括城区农业人口已全部转为城镇居民;林地主要为生态公益林地;历次林改不彻底,林地纠纷多等,并提出了将其转变为国有林地经营和管理的途径.     

中国北方集体林权制度改革路径与林农生产决策

通过对辽宁省11县329户林农684块林地的调研, 从经营主体、林种、林地获取途径等方面对新一轮集体林权制度改革路径进行总结与归纳。以家庭经营与联户经营的改革路径为例, 建立Heckman二阶段决策模型, 实证分析林权制度改革路径对林农生产投资决策的影响。结果表明, 家庭经营对林农生产投资决策有显著的正向影响, 即家庭经营比联户经营更能提高林农林业生产投资的积极性, 并激励林农扩大林业投资规模。但是, 家庭经营也有受到资金、林地规模、生产技术的局限, 政府应进行林区金融产品创新, 鼓励林地流转, 引导林农参加林业合作经济组织。     

乡村林业的发展及其意义

乡村林业(或称社会林业) 是发展中国家发展林业的一种重要模式.文章介绍了一些发展中国家在施行乡村林业方面所做的努力及取得的成效.中国发展乡村林业历史悠久, 文章通过介绍几种典型的乡村林业模式, 论述了中国乡村林业的发展概况.作者认为, 中国的乡村林业实践已取得了丰富的经验, 在中国推行乡村林业前景广阔.     

云南省林下经济发展研究

指出了云南省是林业大省,也是集体林权改革的重点省份。林下经济的发展对于云南省巩固林改成果、促进农民增收、提高土地利用率具有重大意义。根据云南省林业产业的优势,提出了发展林下经济的政策建议,以形成不砍树也能致富的林业发展新模式。     

城市森林游憩需求特征分析——以武汉市居民为例

通过对729位武汉市居民的问卷调查,发现城市居民的森林游憩需求十分旺盛,在不同距离、不同类型的旅游地中,更倾向于到城郊尤其是城区边缘区生态环境好、森林集中分布的区域进行森林游憩活动;居民希望城市森林进行适度游憩开发,提供良好的旅游服务设施和体现森林生态特色的活动项目。调查结果对于城市生态建设、城市森林游憩地的规划与开发具有现实意义。     

广东林业生态建设与社会经济可持续发展

文章针对当前我省林业生态建设的实际需要,根据社区对林业的不同需求,从林业可持续经营的原则出发,探索了旨在提高生态和经济效益的林业经营方法和可持续发展经营模式。     

我国南方集体林区林权民事纠纷司法现状考察——以浙江省为例

随着林权纠纷在我国南方集体林区多发,林权民事纠纷进入司法审判程序的现象日趋明显,司法裁判在解决南方集体林区林权民事纠纷中发挥着越来越重要的作用。文中通过对516份浙江省各人民法院林权民事裁判文书的收集统计与分析发现,林权民事案件不仅具有普通民事案件的共性,还因其生态与社会属性而有其自身的特点;在此基础上剖析了林权纠纷在司法审判实践中存在的瓶颈难题,以期推动南方集体林区林权民事司法水平的提升。     

Urban Forestry and its Relevance to Tourism Development in Sabah

1 INTRODUCTIONUrban forestry is generally understood to be themanagement of trees and forests within urban areas.However, the terms urban settlements and urbanforestry are sometimes ambiguous. For the sake ofclarity, these terms are first discussed and defined.The term urban settlement can be understood inmany ways. Although one may know intuitively whatis urban and what is rural, there is no universallyaccepted criteria for distinguishing between these twotypes of settlements. The usual…     

城市林业的研究与发展

城市林业是建设和经营城市森林生态系统的行业，指建设、经营、利用城市范围内，以树木为主体的生物群落及其中的设施。它是由林业和园林融合而成的。城市林业生态系统是城市复合生态系统听子系统，它广泛参与城市复合生态系统中物质、能量的高效利用，社会、自然的协调发展和系统的自我调节。     

Acceptable practices in Ontario's forests: Differences between the public and forestry professionals

We compare and contrast survey responses to statements about 1) environmental values, 2) agreement with forest management goals and approaches, 3) perceptions of risk, 4) trust in science and government, and 5) acceptability of forestry practices between the public and three groups of forestry professionals (government biologists, government foresters, and industry foresters) in Ontario. The survey emphasized issues surrounding forest vegetation management due to the contentious nature of herbicide use. Responses were gathered from a 140-question telephone survey administered from September and November 1994 to 1,500 members of the general public and 201 forestry professionals across the province. Forestry professionals tended to be less supportive of some environmental values and forest management goals, perceive everyday and forestry activities to be less risky, be more trusting of science and government, and be more accepting of forestry activities than the general public. Among the three groups of forestry professionals, industry foresters tended to be most different from the public, followed by government foresters, and government biologists. These differences reveal potential sources of conflict and miscommunication between the public and forest managers. Recognizing these differences can help improve communications with the public about forest management plans.     

Introduction to Urban and Community Forestry in the United States of America: History, Accomplishments, Issues and Trends

1IntroductionTheUnitedStates(US)isthethirdlargestcountryintheworldinsize.Thenationalterritoryis9629091km2andconsistsofthreeseparateterritories:the48continentalstates,AlaskaandHawaii.InJuly2002,theestimatedtotalpopulationintheUSwas280562489(theWorldFactbook2002).Withinthe48continentalstates,thetotalareais8080704km2,andthenationaltreecoveris32.8%(Dwyeretal.2000).Urbanandcommunityforestsarecomprisedofstreettrees,openspace,patchesofforestedareas,treesininstitutionalproperties,municipalparks,…     

Facing the Challenge of Social Forestry in Japan: The Case of Reviving Harmonious Coexistence Between Forest and People in Okayama Prefecture

Social forestry as a development strategy has evolved since the 1970s, especially in the tropics, to address forest degradation and promote local community development amidst the burgeoning population in these areas. As a practice, however, social forestry has been in place since ancient times in many parts of the world, including Japanese forest communities. Forest-people relationships in Japan drastically changed through massive afforestation programs after the energy source change and with the industrialization of the forest sector in 1950s. The majority of the planted forests are underutilized today and forest communities are marginalized due to the decline of forestry operations, depopulation, and changes in people’s values. Some communities address this concern by inviting potential urban migrants who may be interested in settling in rural areas. Using the case of the Nishiawakura Village in Okayama Prefecture, this paper explores the recent challenges confronting social forestry in Japan. It is found that underutilization of forest resources can be a cause of serious environmental degradation and marginalization of forest communities, and that Nishiawakura’s journey to renew forest management in partnership with migrants is a process of revisiting and creating the forest-people relationship. This study advances two related arguments, namely (1) the interaction of the local people and the migrants brings new perspectives to forest management, and (2) in a community facing depopulation and underutilization of forest resources, social forestry can be an effective approach to rediscover traditional forest management in a new form and revitalize forests and local communities.     

控制论在林业中应用的研究

本文应用控制论的观点对我国林业的发展和森林资源的管理利用进行了探讨,提出了一个林业经营管理与综合效益的关系分析模型.