鄱阳湖区双季直播水稻田间杂草发生特点及防控技术

分析了鄱阳湖区水稻田间杂草群落演替情况及原因,叙述了鄱阳湖区近年来早晚稻双季直播栽培田间杂草发生特点,提出了鄱阳湖区早晚稻双季直播栽培田间杂草防控技术。     

鄱阳湖区机插二季晚稻田间杂草发生特点及防控技术

本文分析了鄱阳湖区水稻田间杂草群落演替情况及原因,通过阐述鄱阳湖区近年来机械插秧二季晚稻田间杂草易发原因与发生特点,针对性提出机插二季晚稻田间杂草综合防控技术.     

稻田杂草稻防控技术研究

2006～2010年,对稻田杂草稻进行了播种深度、诱发出苗和化学防除的田间试验.结果表明,在水稻移栽之前,适当增加耕翻深度和提早翻耕诱草灭草,可有效地控制其发生量;在水稻移栽之后,及时开展药剂防除,可有效地控制其危害程度.     

新疆机采棉田杂草防控技术规程

针对当前新疆三大产棉区机采棉不同生育期杂草发生种类及危害特点,在对杂草防控技术措施调查和试验研究的基础上,结合生产实际,按照综合防控、治早治小、减量增效的原则,优化集成机采棉生产各环节杂草防除技术,制订了规范化防控机采棉田杂草的技术规程,包括播种期、苗蕾期、花铃期、吐絮期以及棉花收获后各阶段杂草防除技术措施的选择、应用...     

广东省杂草稻防控技术初探

研究了不同防控技术对杂草稻的防控效果,结果表明：30％丙草胺乳油处理杂草稻株防效为14.27％～41.04％,1次50％瑞飞特乳油处理防效74.09％～91.15％;鲜重防效以2次处理最高;各处理水稻结实率增加9.53％ ～11.55％,实际产量增加28.9％～68.8％.其中,以水稻浸种剂浸种＋2次50％瑞飞特乳油处理的杂草稻防除效果最佳,水稻增产最显著.     

长江下游水稻生产与杂草防控技术

水稻播种面积,上海10.87万hm2、安徽253.33万hm2、浙江95.43万hm2、江苏220万hm2。稻谷单产,上海7 890 kg/hm2,安徽6 150 kg/hm2、浙江6 675 kg/hm2、江苏7 905 kg/hm2。水稻栽培方式主要为直播(手工撒播和机械直播)、移栽(手工插秧和机械插秧)和抛秧,其中直播稻占水稻播种面积的比例,上海84%、安徽13%、浙江37%、江苏33%。稻田主要杂草种群,上海有千金子、稗草、双穗雀稗、假稻、水苋菜等;安徽有千金子、稗草、鸭舌草、雨久花、异型莎草、扁秆藨草、节节菜,少量双穗雀稗、零星发生的有水竹叶、空心莲子草等;浙江海盐有稗草、千金子、水莎草、矮慈姑、节节菜、水蓼、假稻、双穗雀稗、水竹叶等,浙江温州有稗草、鸭舌草、空心莲子草、双穗雀稗和李氏禾等;江苏有稗草、稻稗、千金子、杂草稻、鸭舌草、陌上菜、水莎草、扁秆藨草等。杂草防控技术,秧田主要使用丙草胺(含安全剂)、优克稗.苄嘧磺隆、二氯喹啉酸、禾大壮等防除以稗草为主的一年生杂草。直播稻田采用"一封、二杀、三补"的防除策略,主要使用除草剂复配剂或现混现用。使用千金(氰氟草酯)防除千金子,使用稻杰(五氟磺草胺)防除对二氯喹啉酸已经产生抗性的稗草生物型。目前,存在和必须重视的问题是局部地区杂草稻严重发生、出现除草剂残留对作物的药害、杂草对除草剂的抗药性生物型明显增加。     

郧西县小麦田间杂草种类调查与防控措施

最近几年,作为影响郧西县小麦产量四害之一的草害,发生越来越严重,种类也越来越多,由以前的阔叶杂草为主,正逐渐演变为阔叶杂草与禾本科杂草共同危害的局面。为了保障郧西县小麦高产稳产,就必须准确掌握当前郧西县小麦田间杂草种类并予以科学防治。     

江苏省泰州市姜堰区稻田杂草发生特点及防控技术

系统调查了2009-2013年姜堰区稻田杂草发生情况,收集2000-2008年稻田杂草相关历史资料,分析稻田杂草发生特点,包括杂草种类繁多、旱生杂草逐渐成为优势种群、麦田杂草延后危害水稻等,并提出规范化学防除、选准除草剂、延缓杂草抗（耐）药性产生等防控措施。     

重庆地区稻田杂草安全高效防控技术与建议

重庆地区稻田杂草有33种,分属22个科,其中以莎草科和禾本科杂草种类最多.稻田优势杂草与耕地制度及栽培方式密切相关.冬季囤水田以牛毛毡、空心莲子草、异型莎草、野慈姑和浮萍为多;稻-油轮作田以猪殃殃、牛筋草、繁缕、看麦娘为多.根据稻田耕作类型科学施用有针对性的除草剂,并实行年度更换,以减少除草剂残留和杂草抗药性的产生;改进收割机械,加强适宜机收的水稻新品种选育,以减轻机械收获稻谷带来的落粒越年生秧苗防除难题.     

稻田杂草的防治探讨

稻田杂草的防治探讨代何方，王金容（四川省乐山市市中区农业局６１４０００）稻田杂草，是水稻生长的四大障碍即病、虫、草、鼠之一，它对水稻的危害程度，在一定范围内，超过病、虫、鼠的危害。据联合国粮农组织调查，全世界粮食作物受病、虫、草的危害，其损失占粮食产...     

Change in weed control studies of rice paddy fields in Korea

This paper was reviewed on the research status of weed control according to cultivating patterns of rice in Korea. Weed control study in a nursery bed was chiefly carried out to control the species of barnyardgrass at the times of machine transplanting. Propanil and nitrofen were applied successfully in wet-nursery beds, and chlornitrofen and pyrazolate/butachlor were also successfully applied in protected semi-irrigated rice nursery beds in the 1970s. Sequential application of herbicides in the mid-1980s has resulted in the end of hand weeding. In machine transplanting, basic research such as the selection of herbicides was conducted in the early 1970s, and its related research including crop injury, seedling age, and reaction of cultivars were done in the late 1970s to early 1980s. Effects of the continuous application of herbicides and its methods of labor saving for rice cultivation were studied in the mid to late 1980s. When the rice planting methods were newly established, such as transplanting when seedlings were 10-days-old and direct seeding from the early 1990s, weed control research relating to herbicides was carried out (e.g. herbicide registration, crop injury, water management, appropriate application time, and neighboring application with insecticide). Weed control for the dill seeding of fields in wetted and reclaimed saline land have been experimented with, particularly in terms of the physio-ecological characteristics and the control of problematic weeds, and the resistance of weeds to herbicides was also investigated systematically.     

杂草防除对水稻田光照和水肥的影响

为明确杂草防除对水稻田间管理的重要性,研究了53%苯噻酰草胺.苄嘧磺隆水分散粒剂对水稻抛秧田主要杂草的防除效果、杂草防除后田间不同高度层的透光率变化以及杂草的氮、磷、钾和水分含量变化规律。结果表明,施用53%苯噻酰草胺.苄嘧磺隆水分散粒剂对抛秧稻田杂草的防除效果显著,综合密度防除效果和综合鲜重防除效果分别为90.31%~100.00%和90.58%~100.00%。有效防除杂草能显著降低杂草的株高和密度,改善田间不同高度层的透光率。杂草的防效与杂草对田间的养分和水分吸收呈负相关。杂草防除后有效改善了水稻田间光照和水肥条件,增产效果显著。     

鄱阳湖区杂草稻生物学特性研究初报

本文从杂草稻的根系、株型、蘖叶、穗粒、成熟等方面介绍了鄱阳湖区杂草稻的形态学特征及生态学特性。     

不同除草剂控制机插水稻田阔叶杂草的效果

13%2甲4氯钠AS 4 500 g/hm2防除水稻田阔叶杂草效果很好,40%2甲.异丙隆WP 1 800 g/hm2防效次之,48%灭草松AS 1 500 mL/hm2处理防效最差。以上除草剂对水稻生长安全。     

麻地杂草防除技术试验研究

亚麻、苎麻是我国栽培的重要长纤维作物。随着农业结构调整，苎麻、亚麻的生产日益受到重视。目前，涪陵区已种植苎麻１４９３．３hm２、亚麻６６．７hm２。但在麻类种植上，杂草一直困扰着正常生产。因此，我们于２００１～２００２年对苎麻、亚麻地杂草的防除技术进行了研究。１材料与方法１．１试验设计试验分别在苎麻苗床和亚麻田进行。１．１．１苎麻苗床杂草防除试验。试验设在涪陵区明家乡白杨村８社。苎麻苗床杂草以看麦娘、棒头草、早熟禾等为主。试验苎麻品种为圆叶青（湘苎２号）。于２００２年２月５日播种，３月１６日试验。试…     

Chemical weed control in rainfed upland rice in Nigeria

Abstract

Two field experiments on chemical weed control in Faro 41 upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) variety were conducted at a rainforest site near the National Cereals Research Institute, Amakama Substation in 1989 and 1990. The herbicides tested were a coformulated mixture of pretilachlor and dimethametryne at 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 kg a.i./ha, a co‐formulated mixture of piperophos and propanil applied at 3.16 and 3.95 kg a.i./ha, and Oxadiazon at 1.0 kg a.i./ha. Two hand weedings and a ‘no weeding’ treatment were included. The herbicides were applied 5 days after planting. All were safely selective to the crop. Most provided adequate weed control through 8–12 weeks after planting. Weeds controlled included Cynodon dactylon, Commelina benghalensis, Dlgitaria horizontalis, Eleusine indica, Panicum maximum and Pennisetum purpureum as grass weeds. The broadleaf weeds were Emilia sonchifolia, Ageratum conyzoides, Portulaca oleraceae, Richardia brasiliensis and Ipomoea Involuncrata. The sedges Mariscus alternifolius and Cyperus esculentus were encountered in the plots. Pretilachlordimethametryne at 2.5 kg a.i./ha had the best weeding score. Twoyear average grain yields of 1.7–2.6 t/ha were obtained from the herbicide treatments. With only 0.4 t/ha from the unweeded treatment, yield losses of more than 80% were recorded.     

超高茬麦套稻田杂草发生特点及防除

超高茬麦套稻是一种不耕翻、不整地、不育秧、不栽秧的简化稻作方式，秸秆全量还田，保护了环境，增加了土壤有机质，又极大地减轻了劳动强度，缓解了劳动力夏收夏种的季节性矛盾。该稻作方式较直播稻提前１５～２０ｄ播种，延长了水稻生育期，有利于水稻高产稳产。但因超高茬麦套稻前期干湿栽培，有利于杂草的发生和麦茬残草的复活，草害问题已成为该项技术推广的主要制约因素。１９９９～２０００年笔者对麦套稻田杂草草相及出草规律进行了定点观察与大田普查，并针对性地进行了治理对策的研究。１ 材料与方法１．１ 定点观察１９９９、２…     

Alfalfa, rice by-products and their incorporation for weed control in rice

Two alfalfa varieties, namely Rasen and Yuba , and rice by-products of Koshihikari ( Oryza sativa L. cv. Japonica ), including hull and bran were used for weed control in rice. Rasen and Yuba were sequentially evaluated to have the strongest allelopathic potential among eight common alfalfa varieties in Japan. Rasen , Yuba and rice by-products in a laboratory experiment exhibited suppression of emergence of lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.), barnyardgrass ( Echinochloa oryzicola Vasing.), and monochoria ( Monochoria vaginalis Presl var. plantaginea Solms-Laub.). In a paddy field experiment, at 15 days after application, a dose of 1 ton ha⁻¹ of alfalfa, rice by-products and the incorporated alfalfa-rice by-products significantly inhibited weed growth and reduced weed species, except for rice bran. However, at 40 days after application, the greatest weed control was sequentially recorded with Yuba (95.2%), Rasen (90.5%) and the incorporated Rasen -hull (88.3%). Rice hull exhibited stronger (51.7%) weed control than the negligible weed control of rice bran (25.1%). Inhibition of both Rasen and Yuba on weed emergence after application became more vigorous, whereas those of rice by-products were gradually devitalized. Rasen had a maximum increase of rice yield (80.6%) compared to the control and it was slightly higher (9.6%) than the herbicide treatment. Findings showed that Rasen was the most promising material for weed control among those studied. Results denoted that weed control capability of allelopathic materials had an impetuous effect on rice growth and yield.     

沈阳地区水稻田杂草群落演替及成因

2003-2004年调查结果表明，沈阳地区水稻田常见杂草有16科38种，与1990～1993年杂草普查资料对比，杂草种群发生了改变。稗草、野慈姑、狼把草、浮萍、水绵等已成为主要危害杂草。除草剂的使用、田间管理、气候因素是杂草群落演替的主要原因。