两种天牛的营养成分分析

分析了星天牛(Anoplophora chinensis(Forster))和粗鞘双条杉天牛(Semanotus sinoauster Gressit)幼虫的主要营养成分,结果表明:它们的蛋白质为鲜质量的16％～18％,氨基酸分别约为鲜质量的16％和13％,含有7种人体必需氨基酸,其必需氨基酸占氨基酸总质量分数的43％,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值为75％-76％,它们的第一限制性氨基酸为含硫氨基酸(蛋氨酸 胱氨酸)。粗脂肪约为鲜质量的13％,其中不饱和脂肪酸所占比例高,约为总脂肪的77％,但它们的必需脂肪酸质量分数差异大,星天牛为30．5％,粗鞘双条杉天牛为2．9％。2种天牛幼虫样品均含有K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn等多种矿物质和微量元素,胆固醇的质量分数低,平均为0．03％。     

Mechanism of inactivation of enzyme proteins by ultraviolet light

Some quantum yields for the destruction of amino acids have been determined. The inactivation of the enzymes hymotrypsin, lysozyme, ribonuclease, and trypsin by ultraviolet light can be accounted for quantitatively by summing the products of (i) the probability that light is absorbed by a given amino acid residue, epsilon(4), and (ii) the probability that absorbed light induces a chemical change, with a quantum efficiency phi(4), in the residue. The principal residues involved are cystyl and tryptophanyl. Peptide bond rupture is not important. Analysis of inactivated enzymes verifies the assumption of the existence of several inactivation mechanisms.     

贵州白香猪的白细胞介素2基因的克隆及其序列分析

为获得贵州白香猪白细胞介素2基因,以提取的经刀豆蛋白A诱导培养的贵州白香猪外周血淋巴细胞总RNA为模板,扩增全长猪白细胞介素2(IL-2)基因,并克隆至pMD18-T Simple载体后测序。结果表明:贵州白香猪IL-2基因ORF长为465bp,可编码154个氨基酸,其中前20个氨基酸为信号肽,后134个氨基酸为成熟肽,具有一个潜在的N-糖基化位点;贵州白香猪除与FJ543109(99.4%)、Neijiang(98.7%)、JN851821(98.7%)、AB194099(98.5%)氨基酸一致性相对较低外,与其他猪源IL-2的一致性均为100%,而与其他种属动物的IL-2基因氨基酸一致性则较低,为11.9%～75%。     

Insulin biosynthesis: evidence for a precursor

Human islet cell tumor tissue and isolated islets of Langerhans from rats incorporated radioactive amino acids in vitro into insulin and a larger acid-alcohol soluble protein which could be separated from insulin by gel filtration. The amino acids were incorporated into the larger protein earlier than into insulin; only after incubation of islets for approximately 30 minutes did radioactivity begin to appear in insulin. The transfer of about 70 percent of the radioactivity of the larger protein to insulin was demonstrated in the absence of new peptide bond synthesis (cycloheximide), or during incubation with unlabeled amino acid (chase). The results indicate that the larger protein is a precursor in the biosynthesis of insulin. The name "proinsulin" is suggested for this protein.     

γ射线辐照对茶叶中游离氨基酸总量及组分的影响

通过不同剂量的γ射线辐照处理5种市售茶叶,探讨γ射线辐照对茶叶中游离氨基酸总量的影响。结果表明：云雾绿茶、安化红茶、石门碟峰茶和安化茯砖茶在辐照剂量分别为6.00、4.00~6.00、10.00和2.00 kGy时游离氨基酸含量最高,而辐照处理对湘尖茶游离氨基酸总量无显著影响。对云雾绿茶氨基酸组分分析发现,赖氨酸（Lys）在0.00 kGy时含量最高,受到辐照后含量均有不同程度的减少;天门冬氨酸（Asp）在辐照剂量为8.00 kGy时含量最高,在10.00 kGy时减少;其他几种氨基酸含量均在6.00 kGy时最高。     

1个白草花叶病毒分离物的全基因组序列分析(英文)

从我国北方地区呈现花叶症状的白草上分离得到1个白草花叶病毒分离物(AY642590,PenMV-B),测定了其RNA的核苷酸全序列。结果发现,该病毒分离物的RNA基因组全长共9 611个核苷酸,5′-末端和3′-末端的非翻译区序列分别为172和241个核苷酸,中间为9 198个核苷酸的开放读框,编码3 065个氨基酸,分子量约为349 575 Da;其多聚蛋白P3/6K1处的E/H蛋白切割位点序列与Potyvirus属其他病毒均不相同,为该病毒所仅有。预期的Potyvirus属病毒的一些重要的、功能性保守基序特征都存在于该病毒的基因组序列中。Potyvirus属病毒多聚蛋白氨基酸序列的系统进化树分析表明,PenMV-B和MDMV,SrMV,SCMV有较近的亲缘关系。根据ICTV最新的马铃薯Y病毒属分类标准,进一步确定该病毒具有Potyvirus属SCMV亚组新成员的分类地位。对SCMV亚组病毒和分离物基因组各区域的多重序列比较结果表明,PenMV在进化过程中有可能发生了基因的重组和变异。     

Replacements of Pro86 in phage T4 lysozyme extend an alpha-helix but do not alter protein stability

To investigate the relation between protein stability and the predicted stabilities of individual secondary structural elements, residue Pro86 in an alpha-helix in phage T4 lysozyme was replaced by ten different amino acids. The x-ray crystal structures of seven of the mutant lysozymes were determined at high resolution. In each case, replacement of the proline resulted in the formation of an extended alpha-helix. This involves a large conformational change in residues 81 to 83 and smaller shifts that extend 20 angstroms across the protein surface. Unexpectedly, all ten amino acid substitutions marginally reduce protein thermostability. This insensitivity of stability to the amino acid at position 86 is not simply explained by statistical and thermodynamic criteria for helical propensity. The observed conformational changes illustrate a general mechanism by which proteins can tolerate mutations.     

Imidodiphosphate and pyrophosphate: possible biological significance of similar structures

The structure of sodium imidodiphosphate has been determined by single crystal x-ray diffraction. The P-N-P bond angle (127.2 degrees) and P-N bond distance (1.68 angstroms) are remarkably similar to newly refined values for the P-O-P bond angle (128.6 degrees) and the bridging P-O bond distance (1.63 angstroms) of sodium pyrophosphate. This close similarity may explain why P-N-P linkages in algal "polyphosphates" escaped detection until recently and why adenosine triphosphate analogs with this linkage mimic adenosine triphosphate so closely.     

猪源新城疫病毒SP13株的F基因克隆及序列分析

采用RT-PCR方法对猪源新城疫病毒(NDV)SP13株的F基因进行了扩增与克隆,并测定出F基因的核苷酸全序列,推导出氨基酸序列.F基因全长为1662 bp,单一的开放阅读框,编码553个氨基酸的长肽,裂解位点的氨基酸序列为112G-R-Q-G-R-L117,与弱毒株在这一区域的序列(112G-R/K-Q-G/S-R-L117)相符;F蛋白有6个潜在的糖基化位点和13个Cys残基位点,其疏水构型有3个强疏水区.通过同源率、系统发育、致病性、疏水性和抗原性等比较分析的结果表明,SP13与LaSota、Clone 30株不但同源性达到99.9%,而且在致病性、疏水性和抗原性等方面也极为相似.     

THE EFFECT OF ADRENAL CORTICAL AND PITUITARY ADRENOTROPIC HORMONES ON TRANSPLANTED LEUKEMIA IN RATS

Growth was obtained in rats on synthetic diets in which the ten essential amino acids were the sole source of amino acid nitrogen. The growth rate was dependent upon the quantity of amino acids fed and appeared to compare favorably with that obtained when a similar quantity of nitrogen was fed in the form of casein. No increase in growth was observed when nitrogen in addition to that given in the form of the essential amino acids was supplied as glycine. Our experiments would not support the contention that the unnatural forms of the amino acids are toxic. We wish to acknowledge and thank Phyllis Robison for technical assistance, and Dr. D. Mark Hegsted for helpful suggestions.     

First occurrence of the garnet-ilmenite transition in silicates

Pyrope garnet (Mg(3)Al(2)Si(3)O(12)) has been found to transform to an ilmenite-type phase at a loading pressure between 240 and 250 kilobars and at about 1000 degrees to 1400 degrees C in a diamond-anvil press coupled with laser heating. The lattice parameters for the ilmenite-type phase of (Mg(.75) Al(.25))(Si(.75) Al(.25))O(3) are a(0) = 4.755 +/- 0.002 and c(0) = 13.360 +/- 0.005 angstroms. The zero-pressure volume change associated with the garnet-ilmenite transition is calculated to be -7.1 percent. This result verifies the prediction that pyrope garnet would transform to the ilmenite structure at high pressure first suggested in 1962 by Clark et al. and Ringwood.     

Structure of langmuir-blodgett films of disk-shaped molecules determined by atomic force microscopy

Monolayer Langmuir-Blodgett films of a discotic mesogen have been studied with atomic force microscopy (AFM). These measurements confirm the "edge on" arrangement for the disk-shaped molecules suggested by surface pressure-area isotherms and show that the molecules form columns that are separated by 17.7 angstroms +/- 10 percent. Column alignment is found to be predominantly along the film deposition direction, with an angular spread of 35 degrees . The AFM images also show that the mean disk separation within the columns is 5.1 +/- 1.3 angstroms, in good agreement with x-ray diffraction (XRD) results. Roomtemperature XRD measurements on bulk samples of the same material indicate a disordered-hexagonal liquid crystalline mesophase, with a column-to-column spacing of 19.9 +/- 0.2 angstroms.     

Long-wavelength ultraviolet photoproduction of amino acids on the primitive Earth

Amino acids are produced under possible primitive Earth conditions by irradiation of gas mixtures with long-wavelength ultraviolet light, representing the most abundant useful energy source for prebiological organic synthesis. Hydrogen sulfide is the initial photon acceptor in this work; superthermal atomic hydrogen photodissociation products appear to initiate reactions leading to amino acid synthesis with an overall quantum yield on the order of 5X10(-5).     

城市污泥中有机酸在厌氧消化过程中的稳定性差异

研究了厌氧消化作用对深圳污泥中有机酸的降解作用,消化过程中有机酸的稳定性受分子结构决定,羟基酸〈烯酸〈正烷酸〈芳香酸〈甾酸,具有稠环、苯环和共轭双键结构者稳定性较高,而含有羟基和孤立双键者稳定性较低,且羟基基团越多,结构越不稳定,厌氧消化对能选择降解高碳数羟基本是选择保存低碳数基酸,某些民政部下,有机酸的稳定悸也可能受生物代谢因素的影响。     

狐貉源犬瘟热病毒融合蛋白基因的同源性分析

2004—2006年,从黑龙江省和内蒙等地发病饲养狐、貉中分离获得6株犬瘟热病毒(CDV),分别命名为MS01、SC01、ZD01、GN01、HL01、NM01分离株。根据Genbank上发表的的CDV F基因序列设计了1对特异性引物,应用RT-PCR方法分别对6个分离株F基因进行克隆、测序,并推导其氨基酸序列,绘制出F基因的遗传进化树。结果表明:6个CDV分离株F基因的开放阅读框架(ORF)均为1 989 bp,编码663个氨基酸,蛋白结构中的13个Cys残基位点和4个潜在的糖基化位点均高度保守,其裂解位点的氨基酸序列为220R-R-Q-R-224R。遗传进化分析表明:6个分离株与CDV代表强毒株A75/17属于同一谱系,均为强毒株。其中,HL01株与海豹瘟热病毒2型(PDV-2)亲缘关系较近,与其它5个分离株关系相对较远。     

Detection of C3 in the Circumstellar Shell of IRC+10216

Vibration-rotation lines of C(3) have been identified in the circumstellar spectrum of the obscured carbon star IRC+10216. This molecule is of interest in both the chemistry of flames, where it may be involved in the formation of soot, and in astrophysics, where it is a potential building block for carbonaceous grains. This high-resolution infrared detection of the pure carbon chain molecule C(3) allows the estimation of the equilibrium C-C bond length, 1.297 angstroms. Possible astrophysical formation and destruction mechanisms for C(3) are reviewed, including the relationship between C(3) and carbon clusters.     

A Picture of the Moon's Atmosphere

Atomic sodium is a useful tracer of the tenuous lunar atmosphere because of its high efficiency in scattering sunlight at the D(1) (5896 angstroms) and D(2) (5890 angstroms) wavelengths. In 1988, Earth-based instruments revealed the presence of sodium at a density of less than 50 atoms per cubic centimeter at lunar altitudes below 100 kilometers. Telescopic observations that are made with a coronograph technique to block out the disk of the moon allow a true picture of the circumiunar atmosphere to be obtained and show the presence of sodium out to a distance of several lunar radii. The distribution of sodium has a solar zenith angle dependence, suggesting that most of the sodium that reaches great altitudes is liberated from the moon's surface by solar photons (by heating or sputtering) or by solar wind impact, in contrast to a source driven by uniform micrometeor bombardment.     

Study on Several Characteristics of Agaricus blazei Murril Strain J3 Irradiated by 60Co

A new mutant strain J3 from Agaricus blazei Murril was obtained by 60Co irradiation. The yields of successive generations were increased more than 70% to compare with their original strain. The component analysis on amino acids and fatty acid illuminated that the nutrient value of strain J3 fruiting body was better than the original strain. The apparent nodule structure was found in the hyphea of J3 strain through the observation by scanning electron microscope. RAPD analysis showed the great difference of PCR fingerprints between J3 and its original strain. It is a promising mutant strain for further commercial development in the future.     

氨基酸平衡对异育银鲫鱼生长及表观消化率的影响

研究氨基酸平衡对异育银鲫鱼生长及表观消化率的影响。结果表明:与对照组比较,氨基酸不平衡Ⅱ、Ⅴ组,增重率和营养物质的表观消化率差异不显著(P>0.05),氨基酸平衡Ⅲ、Ⅳ组增重率分别提高20%、11.4%,且差异显著(P<0.05),说明饲料中氨基酸平衡对异育银鲫鱼增重具有显著改善作用,同时氨基酸平衡组的异育银鲫对饲料干物质、蛋白质及磷的利用率有提高的趋势;并可通过氨基酸平衡适当降低粗蛋白及鱼粉含量,进而节约蛋白资源,减少饲料成本。     

甘蔗花叶病毒复制酶基因的克隆及序列分析

以甘蔗花叶病毒(SCMV)福建分离物(FJ)的总RNA为模板,用RT-PCR方法扩增了含有复制酶(NIb)基因的DNA片段,将其克隆到质粒pGM-T载体上并进行了序列分析。结果表明,NIb基因由1563个碱基组成,编码521个氨基酸并含有高度保守序列GDD。NIa/NIb和NIb/CP交界处的蛋白酶切割位点分别为Q/C和Q/A。与国外报道的SCMV亚组几个株系分离物相比,NIb基因(福建分离物)的核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别为57.8%~86.9%和60.9%~95.2%,其中与SCMV-SA株系的核苷酸及氨基酸序列同源性则高达86.9%和95.2%。