黑白花生长母牛绝食代谢和不同运动量的能量代谢研究

为了研究我国黑白花生长母牛的能量代谢规律和探讨运动对奶牛能量代谢的影响,笔者用传统开路式面具装置对6、9、12、15、18月龄(各3头)的青年母牛在中立温度区内进行了绝食代谢试验,并对3头22月龄青年母牛运动状态下的产热量进行了测定。结果表明,黑白花青年母牛中立温度区内的绝食代谢产热量FHP(kcal/24hr)=277.5w~(0.653);不同速度水平行走的能量消耗分别为0.3316±0.0101cal/kgm(V=0.95±0.04米/秒)和0.4625±0.0462cal/kgm(V=1.54±0.03米/秒)。     

黑白花生长母牛绝食代谢和不同运动量的能量代谢研究

本研究用国产传统开路面具,对6、9、12、15、18月龄的黑白花生长母牛各3头,共15头,在中立温度区进行了绝食代谢试验;对3头22月龄左右的妊娠初期的黑白花母牛进行了不同运动量的能量代谢试验。结果表明: 1.不同生长阶段黑白花母牛绝食代谢产热量见表1,     

对成年母牛代谢病的探讨

我场多年来乳牛躬腰及后肢向后伸的现象屡见发生,病因说法不一,虽经多方治疗,效果并不显著。多系老牛及高产牛只发病率较高,占百分之三十,第四胎牛发病最多,但一二胎牛或低产者也有发生,育成牛及犊牛则少见,原以为是夏季经常用凉水刷洗牛体及冬季长期爬卧在潮湿的水泥地面所造成,后来曾用加厚铺草及用温水刷洗牛体等措施,但效果不大,仍有继续发生,严重者食欲减退,体质、产奶量也随之下降,最后淘汰处理。造成一定的经济损失。其原因、如何防治?希共同探讨。     

黑白花母牛子宫的测定

为了准确的掌握黑白花母牛产后子宫复旧的时间、大小、以及后备母牛子宫的发育情况,为母牛产后繁殖及生殖器宫疾病的诊断治疗,提供科学依据,特对成乳牛10头、1—5月令犊牛3头死后离体子宫几项指标     

生长期大鼠绝食代谢时间的研究

动物维持需要是动物营养学研究的重要参数.研究维持需要的方法很多,借助呼吸测热器测定动物的绝食代谢产热量进而估计NEm值是常用方法之一.绝食代谢热量既可直接绝食测得,也可通过梯度进食代谢能(MEI)来测定体产热量(HP),回归MEI和HP,从而推算出MEI等于零时的HP,即NEm,然而,绝食时间是     

生长育肥猪绝食代谢研究

<正> 前言 在猪的营养需要和制订饲养标准方面,我国科技工作者已做了大量研究工作,并取得较大进展,但限于实验条件,有关绝食代谢和维持需要部份,仍属薄弱环节。吉林省农业科学院畜牧研究所饲养研究室,在1980～1981年试制装配了两台密闭式猪用呼吸测热装置,于1982、1983两年间,曾利用该装置进行了饥饿条件下生长育肥猪的绝     

日本黑白花母牛外貌鉴定

1950年至今,日本黑白花乳牛由20万头发展到211万头,已基本满足牛奶消费需要,所以近年刻意注重乳牛质量的提高。这一方面依靠乳检中心对提出申请的牛只进行产奶量、乳脂率、无脂固形分率、奶中体细胞数的测试;同时,由国家鉴定委员对乳牛进行正确的体型外貌评定。数据均由电子计算机进行处理。     

舍饲绵羊生长阶段绝食代谢研究

选择舍饲东北细毛羊生长期公羊6只,按体重分为2组,第1组:(26.9±3.39)kg,第2组:(34.85±0.35)kg,应用开放式呼吸测热装置进行了绝食72～96h气体呼吸测热试验及消化代谢试验研究.结果表明:第1组和第2组的耗氧量为(8.89±0.59)和(9.53±3.44)L/W0.75·d;CO2生成量为(7.44±0.45)和(6.7±1.10)L/W0.75·d;绝食期间呼吸商为0.71h,0.67;粪氮排泄量为(0.17±0.06)和(0.14±0.08)g/W0.75,·d;尿氮排泄量为(0.42±0.11)和(0.24±0.11)g/W0.75·d.     

Effect of short-term fasting on hepatic steroid hormone metabolism in cows

In the present study, the effect of 4-day fasting on steroid hormone metabolism in the liver and secretion of LH was examined in cows. Six non pregnant, dry Holstein cows were used. The estrous cycle was synchronized in all cows using CIDR-Ovsynch. Cows were allocated to a control group (n=3) and a fasting group (n=3). In the fasting group, cows were fasted for four days from day -4 to day -1 (day 0=day of 2nd GnRH injection) but otherwise were fed ad libitum. The experiment was repeated in a crossover design after an interval of about one month. The peripheral progesterone (P(4)) concentration in the fasting group was significantly higher than in the control group on day -1 and 0. The peripheral estradiol-17β concentration in the fasting group was also significantly higher than in the control group on day -1 and 0. The portal vein P(4) concentration in the fasting group was significantly higher than in the control group. On day 0, there was no difference in LH secretion between groups. The mean percentages of lipid droplets in liver cells in the fasting group were significantly higher than in the control group on day 0. These results suggest that short-term fasting leads to reduced hepatic steroid hormone metabolism by accumulation of fat in the liver, which causes high peripheral steroid hormone concentrations.     

Comparison of the disease incidences of Finnish Ayrshire and Finnish Black and White dairy cows

Finnish Ayrshire and Finnish Black and White cows were compared regarding the incidences of early and late mastitis, parturient paresis, ketosis, ovarian disorders, metritis and the risk of having a test-day somatic-cell count >200,000 cells ml⁻¹ at any of the first three monthly test days in lactation. In a retrospective cohort study 101,793 cows from 5844 tie stalls and 11,811 cows from 437 loose-housing systems from all over Finland were followed from calving in 2000 until the end of lactation. The observed incidences of those cows were then analysed using generalised linear mixed models. Finnish Black and White cows had higher incidences of all diseases except ovarian disorders. Although the differences were statistically significant in all models except metritis and early mastitis in loose-housing systems, they were, in our view, only important on the national level (for the breeding organisations), and of little importance for the farmers.     

关于对奶牛结核病检疫的思考

本文对奶牛结论核病检疫进行了试验,并对结论果进行了探讨,以供同行参考.     

中国白兔种质特性研究

由黔湘农村引入中国本地白兔，经筛选组建６个家系。共收集测定了５０余窝次     

松辽黑猪、大白猪免疫指标和生产性能的比较研究

以松辽黑猪和大白猪为研究对象,在70日龄时采集血液测定白细胞总数、血清IgG、IL-12、IFN-γ含量及中性粒细胞NBT还原力等免疫指标,并测定了猪初生重、断奶重、下网重及180日龄重、180日龄背膘厚、眼肌面积等生产性能指标。结果表明,白细胞总数、中性粒细胞NBT还原力、外周血单个核细胞培养上清IL-12含量和单个核细胞培养上清IFN-γ含量在松辽黑猪和大白猪间差异不显著（P＞0.05）;松辽黑猪血清IgG含量显著高于大白猪（P＜0.05）,IL-12和IFN-γ含量极显著高于大白猪（P＜0.01）;松辽黑猪和大白猪初生重、断奶重、下网重、180日龄背膘厚差异不显著（P＞0.05）,大白猪180日龄体重极显著高于松辽黑猪（P＜0.01）。本试验结果为揭示中外猪种抗病力差异的免疫学机理提供了参考资料。     

中药对不同程度奶牛真胃炎的治疗试验

我们根据传统中兽医理论组方,针对奶牛真胃炎,研制了3种具有消炎、止血、保护胃黏膜等多种功效的中成药散剂-“真胃痹治”,对奶牛真胃炎早、中、晚期病例进行了治疗试验.结果显示,其一个疗程(3 d)对奶牛早、中、晚期真胃炎病例的治愈率分别为88％、70％和30％,基本相当于西药对照组的治疗效果.     

红白花荷斯坦奶牛是怎么回事

在奶牛养殖业中，一些奶牛养殖户的黑白花奶牛，用纯种黑白花种公牛冷冻精液配种，所生的犊牛并不全是黑白花，有个别犊牛是红白花，许多养殖户不解其中原因，其实这主要是荷斯坦奶牛存在红色隐性基因所致。荷斯坦牛为世界上优秀的乳用品种，其毛色过去一直为黑白花片，所以被人们习惯称为黑白花奶牛。在其选育过程中，长期以来过分强调产奶量，忽视了体质结实、顺产及乳脂含量等性状，因而形成了产奶量高、     

影响荷斯坦奶牛受胎率的气候因子的分析

通过对广州市1982到1991年荷斯坦成年母牛6897头和青年母牛1508头的月均情期受胎率与同期的主要气候因子进行分析发现,温度是影响成年母牛受胎率的第一位因子,其直接作用大于间接作用。日照时数是仅次于温度和营养条件的第3位因子。相对湿度和风速直接作用较小。笔者提出的几个估计妊娠率的回归方程,可为牛奶生产者参考。     

Effect of fasting on plasma metabolites and hormones in lactating dairy cows

Metabolic and pathophysiologic changes of secondary ketosis were studied. Plasma samples were obtained from a group of 8 mature, lactating dairy cows before, during, and after a 48-hour fast. These samples were analyzed for glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), lactic acid, ketone bodies, glucocorticoids, insulin, and growth hormone concentrations. In the prefasting period, metabolites and hormones remained constant. Lactic acid and glucocorticoids also remained stable during the entire experiment, except on the 1st day after termination of the fast, when glucocorticoids increased significantly (P less than 0.05). Glucose values decreased significantly (P less than 0.01) with the onset of fasting, began to rise halfway through the fast, and were elevated following termination of the fast. Plasma glucose concentration returned to normal by the end of the experiment. Plasma FFA concentrations increased during the early portions of the fast and decreased thereafter. Plasma ketone body concentration responded similarly, but the change occurred approximately 12 hours after the plasma FFA changes. A value determined as ketotic was reached during the fast (14.6 +/- 1.3 mg/dl). Insulin concentrations remained low during the fast and increased after fasting. Plasma growth hormone concentration increased to a new plateau in response to fasting and then decreased somewhate after fasting was ended.