河南71个重要小麦生产品种的抗叶锈性鉴定

为给防治中国小麦叶锈病和培育抗叶锈病小麦品种奠定基础,本研究以36个携带已知抗病基因的载体品种和71个河南主栽小麦品种为材料,在苗期接种16个小麦叶锈菌生理小种进行基因推导,并利用系谱分析和分子标记检测对推导结果进行验证,于2014－2015年度在河北保定小麦试验田及2014－2015和2015－2016两年度在河南周口黄泛区农场进行田间成株期抗叶锈性鉴定。结果发现,71个河南小麦品种中,36个品种在苗期共鉴定出7个抗叶锈病基因（ Lr1 、 Lr2b 、 Lr10 、 Lr26 、 Lr17 、 Lr34 和 Lr39 ）,其中27个品种含有 Lr26 ,4个品种含有 Lr39 ,2个品种含有 Lr10 ,含有 Lr1 和 Lr17 的品种各有8个,含有 Lr2b 和 Lr34的品种各有1个。成株期抗叶锈性鉴定结果表明,仅有7个品种具有成株期慢锈性,可能含有成株期抗性基因,可进一步用于培育抗叶锈病品种和抗叶锈病基因的合理布局。     

粗山羊草苗期抗叶锈性离体鉴定及抗叶锈基因推导

为明确来自加拿大的17份粗山羊草含有的苗期抗叶锈病基因,选用15个小麦叶锈菌菌株和42个小麦叶锈病近等基因系,采用苗期离体叶片对其抗叶锈性进行鉴定和抗叶锈基因推导。结果表明,17份粗山羊草材料中,30942对15个菌株均表现免疫,30941对13个菌株表现免疫,说明这两个材料抗锈谱广,含有效的抗叶锈基因。经基因推导,这些粗山羊草材料中可能含有Lr1、LrB、Lr2b、Lr18、Lr21、Lr32、Lr33及未知抗叶锈基因。     

抗叶锈基因Lr34在46个小麦育种资源中的分布及其抗性表现

Lr34是目前应用最广泛的慢锈基因,慢锈基因的利用是实现持久抗病性的方法之一。为明确我国小麦品种含有Lr34的信息,利用csLv34标记检测了46个小麦育种资源中Lr34的分布情况,并对46个小麦育种资源进行了田间成株期抗叶锈性鉴定。分子检测表明,在46个小麦品种中有7个品种含有Lr34基因(分布率为15.2%),含有Lr34基因的品种成株期抗叶锈性较强,虽然有些品种的侵染型为3~4,但严重程度较低。     

小冰麦33苗期抗叶锈性鉴定及其抗性基因推导

为明确小冰麦33在抗叶锈病方面的应用前景，选用了来自全国21个地区不同年份的214株叶锈菌株对小冰麦33进行苗期抗叶锈性鉴定。结果表明，在214株菌株中，只有云南与贵州两地区各出现了一个使其产生高侵染型的菌株，说明小冰麦33对我国小麦叶锈菌具有较强的苗期抗病性，可在我国大部分麦区使用。试验选用19个具有较好鉴别能力的小麦叶锈菌株和49个已知的抗叶锈单基因品系对其进行了抗叶锈基因推导，推导出小冰麦33中可能含有Lr2a、Lr3a、Lr23、Lr44及未知抗叶锈基因。     

69份国外小麦品种(系)抗叶锈性鉴定及基因分析

为给抗叶锈病育种提供优异抗源,选用17个不同毒力的叶锈菌生理小种,对69份国外小麦品种（系）及36份已知抗病基因的近等基因系进行苗期抗叶锈病基因推导,并结合11个已知基因的分子标记进行标记检测;于2017-2018年度分别在河北保定试验田和河南周口黄泛区农场对69份国外小麦材料进行田间成株期抗叶锈性鉴定。结果发现,在69份国外小麦品种（系）中共检测到6个抗小麦叶锈病基因 （Lr1、Lr10、Lr19、Lr26、Lr34和Lr37）,携带苗期抗病基因Lr1、Lr10、Lr19和Lr26的分别有6、19、5和10份品种（系）,携带成株抗病基因Lr34和Lr37的分别有10和26份品种（系）,田间鉴定具有成株慢锈性的品种（系）共有46份。     

六个小麦品系的抗叶锈性评价

为探究供试的6个小麦品系对叶锈病的抗性状况及所含的抗叶锈基因,利用苗期基因推导、成株期抗病鉴定和分子标记辅助检测进行综合鉴定。结果表明,6个小麦品系中,cp0262811可能含有Lr3bg、Lr42和Lr44;cp012733177可能含有Lr2c、Lr3bg、Lr16、Lr26和Lr42;cp20334178和cp023924377可能含有Lr16和Lr26;cp203015218可能含有Lr3、 Lr3bg、Lr11、Lr17和Lr26;cp2038432具有很好的苗期和成株期抗性,可能含有Lr16、Lr26、Lr37和其他抗叶锈基因。测试的6份小麦材料不含有Lr1、 Lr9、Lr10、Lr12、Lr19、Lr20、Lr21、Lr24、Lr28、Lr29、Lr34、Lr35、Lr38、Lr41和Lr47。结果表明,这些小麦品系中含有比较丰富的抗叶锈病基因,具有较好的抗叶锈性。     

小冰麦33温敏抗叶锈性基因分析

小冰麦33是一个高产、高蛋白、抗多种病害的小麦品种,并具有温敏抗叶锈性.为了明确小冰麦33所含有的温敏性抗叶锈基因,选用4个不同毒性基因组合的小麦叶锈菌生理小种在5℃/10℃(黑暗/光照)、15℃/20℃(黑暗/光照)和25℃/30℃(黑暗/光照)三个温度条件下对小冰麦33进行了温敏抗叶锈性基因推导.通过比较3个不同温度下小冰麦33与7个以Thatcher为遗传背景的小麦抗叶锈近等基因系(分别含有Lr11、Lr13、Lr14a、Lr18、Lr23、Lr34、Lr37温敏基因)对4个小麦叶锈菌生理小种的反应型模式,推导出该品种可能含有Lr18及其他新的温敏抗叶锈性基因.     

小冰麦33温敏抗叶锈性基因分析

小冰麦33是一个高产、高蛋白、抗多种病害的小麦品种,并具有温敏抗叶锈性。为了明确小冰麦33所含有的温敏性抗叶锈基因,选用4个不同毒性基因组合的小麦叶锈菌生理小种在5℃／10℃（黑暗／光照）、15℃／20℃（黑暗／光照）和25℃／30℃（黑暗／光照）三个温度条件下对小冰麦33进行了温敏抗叶锈性基因推导。通过比较3个不同温度下小冰麦33与7个以Thatcher为遗传背景的小麦抗叶锈近等基因系（分别含有Lr11、Lr13、Lr14a、Lr18、Lr23、Lr34、Lr37温敏基因）对4个小麦叶锈菌生理小种的反应型模式,推导出该品种可能含有Lr18及其他新的温敏抗叶锈性基因。     

苗期鉴定小麦抗叶锈病基因Lr13

已经证明在小麦成株期,基因Lr13赋予对许多叶锈菌小种以抗性,但截止目前,尚未发现它在苗期提供抗性.Dych等观察到Lr13在三叶期是抗病的,而在一叶期则是感病的.虽然以前在一叶期未探测到抗性,但是将它用于品种改良仍然是有效的.如果在苗期能鉴定到这个基因,那么将它用于品种改良就更加方便.以前已经报道过温度能左右叶锈抗性基因表达的效应.有人发现降低培养温度可提供对燕麦冠锈病成株抗性在苗期表达的环境.本文描述了应用高温培养周期和病原物专化菌株在苗期鉴定Lr13基因的情况.     

宁夏小麦品种慢锈基因Lr34/Yr18的分子检测

Lr34/Yr18是重要的小麦慢叶锈/慢条锈基因,可用于小麦锈病抗性改良。为了明确Lr34/Yr18基因在宁夏小麦中的分布特点,利用STS标记csLV34对111份宁夏小麦品种中慢锈基因Lr34/Yr18的等位变异进行了分子检测,并且进行了成株期条锈病抗性鉴定。结果表明,20份材料携带Lr34/Yr18基因,占18.0%。不同来源的小麦品种中Lr34/Yr18基因分布频率不同,农家品种中分布频率最高,占90.9%;引进品种中所占比例为14.3%;育成品种中所占比例最低,仅占7.7%。含有Lr34/Yr18基因的品种对条锈病具有较好的抗性,可作为今后宁夏小麦抗锈病育种的重要抗源。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.     

橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用

以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。