行间套种豆科牧草对黔草2号苇状羊茅种子及草地质量的影响

本试验在种子田行间套种白三叶和紫花苜蓿,以研究其对黔草2号苇状羊茅翌年种子产量和草地质量的影响.结果表明:在行间套种豆科牧草可使黔草2号苇状羊茅株高增加15.5 ～28.5 cm,稳长增加2.8 ～3.0 cm,籽粒饱满度增加6.4～7.2个百分点;千粒重增加0.21 ～0.28 g;鲜草和种子产量比未套种的分别增产47.83％ ～ 76.80％和60.4％ ～ 73.9％;紫花苜蓿地下生物量及根系体积分别增产2.61 t/hm2和4 287.75m3/hm2,白三叶分别减产3.07 t/hm2和3 062.85 m3/hm2;套种豆科牧草后粗蛋白含量达19.50％ ～ 20.60％,草地质量明显提高,同时增加了土壤有机质和氮素含量,改善了土壤理化性状.     

刈割时期对不同类型牧草产量和品质的影响

文章对8个不同类型牧草品种在呼和浩特地区不同刈割期的产量和品质进行研究,结果表明,苜蓿的最佳刈割期是初花期,其鲜、干草产量最高;禾本科牧草的最佳刈割期是盛花期. 8个牧草品种在盛花期刈割鲜草年产量显著高于现蕾期.苜蓿品种年鲜、干草产量间差异不显著,但均明显高于禾本科牧草.粗蛋白年产量,苜蓿以现蕾期刈割最高,禾本科牧草盛花期刈割最高.粗脂肪年产量,苜蓿以例花期刈割最高,禾本科牧草则以盛花期刈割时较高.同期相比,苜蓿的蛋白和脂肪产量均高于禾本科牧草.综合产量和品质表现认为,紫花苜蓿FGC-301、FGE-201及无芒雀麦适合在呼和浩特地区推广种植.     

喷施硫酸钴对紫花苜蓿鲜草产量及品质的影响

采用叶面喷施的方法,研究了不同施钴水平对紫花苜蓿鲜草产量和营养品质的影响。结果表明：喷施硫酸钴显著（P＜0.05）提高了苜蓿鲜草产量,其中施钴量为300 mg/kg的处理效果最好,比对照CK产量可以提高25%。同时显著能够提高苜蓿叶茎比。不同施钴水平对苜蓿营养成分的含量影响不同,苜蓿粗蛋白及磷含量随随钴量的增加而增加,而对苜蓿粗纤维、粗灰分和无氮浸出物含量没有显著的影响,粗脂肪则随着施钴量的增加而逐渐降低。不同施钴水平对紫花苜蓿营养物质产量影响不同,其中粗蛋白、粗灰分、磷和无氮浸出物产量均以Co2处理300 mg/kg最高,都要显著高于对照,粗纤维、钙产量也以Co2处理最高,但与CK没有显著差异,粗脂肪产量则以Co1处理100 mg/kg效果最好     

北京地区中苜一号苜蓿年内草产量及品质分析

2002年在北京农学院农学试验站内对紫花苜蓿中苜一号各茬的株高、干草产量、粗蛋白含量的变化进行了分析。结果表明中苜一号紫花苜蓿全年干草总产量9582.3kg/hm2,第二茬与第一茬和第三茬的干草产量和株高存在显著差异。中苜一号苜蓿年内各茬粗蛋白含量依次是19.82%、11.70%和21.14%,第二茬与第一、三茬的粗蛋白含量差异达显著水平,除第二茬苜蓿等级评价为中等外,其余两茬都为上等。苜蓿加工调制的方法不同,也会影响其营养物质的含量。     

喷施微肥对紫花苜蓿草产量与品质的影响

在氮磷钾基肥供应足量的基础上,采用叶面喷施的方法,研究Zn、Fe、Mo、Co、B、Cu、Se、Mn 8种微肥混合喷施对紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）草产量和品质的影响,其目的是通过喷施微肥试验,为生产提供不同用途的优质牧草。结果表明：几种微肥处理均可极显著提高紫花苜蓿产草量和叶茎比,极显著提高粗纤维含量,并显著影响粗脂肪含量,促进粗灰分的增加,导致无氮浸出物的降低,但对粗蛋白和磷含量影响不显著。     

叶面肥(药)对苜蓿产量和质量的影响评价

为了推动草业的大力发展,提高苜蓿草产量和质量,增加种植苜蓿的效益,笔者进行了苜蓿生长期喷施叶面肥和植物生长调节剂试验,从供试的5种叶面肥（药）中筛选出了2种适合苜蓿生长的叶面肥。试验证明叶面喷施磷酸二氢钾和澳优对苜蓿具有明显的增产效果,且能显著提高粗蛋白含量、降低粗纤维的含量,其增产效果达20%以上,粗蛋白含量提高9.37%~10.62%、粗纤维的含量降低5.91%~4.36%。因此,在苜蓿生长期推荐使用磷酸二氢钾和澳优进行叶面处理,喷施浓度分别为1000倍和500倍。     

苇状羊茅的引种选育研究进展

苇状羊茅(FestucaarundinaceaSchreb)又名高羊茅、苇状狐茅、高牛尾草,是羊茅属(FestucaL.)多年生疏丛型禾草。它可用作长期放牧草地的优良牧草,适于多种草地经营,能与其它禾草或豆科牧草在高、低肥力水平下混生,能进行放牧、刈割、调制干草、青贮及饲喂各生产阶段的肉、奶牛,尤其适用于肉用母牛饲养及作为其它反刍家畜的维持日粮。经过选育后,苇状羊茅也是一种适应性很广的优良草坪草种,是冷季型草坪草中最耐干旱和践踏的草种之一。苇状羊茅起源于地中海地区,在欧洲大部,北非突尼斯区域,东非中亚细亚及马达加斯加山区均有分布。我国新疆…     

威宁球茎草芦新品种选育

威宁球茎草芦是以贵州省威宁县逸生球茎草芦种子为原始材料,利用改良混合选择法,经10多年选育而成的多年生牧草新品种.该牧草四季青绿、耐热、抗旱、耐瘠薄,鲜草产量达86 t/hm2,比法恩苇状羊茅增产32.5%,较原始群体增产133.12%;分蘖期-抽穗期粗蛋含量13.42%～16.96%,粗脂肪含量均在4.56%以上,粗纤维含量21.05%～34.66%,营养丰富,适口性好.适合我国长江中下游低山、丘陵等地区种植,是建立人工草地、改良天然草场和生态建设的优良牧草.     

花生秧饲料化利用技术研究

针对目前花生秧饲料化处理中出现的问题 ,进行定量分析与研究 ,结果表明花生能提前1 0d收获 ,刈割高度保持在 3～ 7cm ,既不影响花生经济产量 ,又能显著地提高花生秧中粗蛋白、粗脂肪、VB2 、VB6的含量 ,可大幅度提高饲草质量和饲用价值     

西藏拉萨市‘白燕2号’与箭筈豌豆不同混播比较研究

为了提高西藏高寒牧区饲草产量,缓解草畜矛盾。在西藏拉萨研究了‘白燕2号’与箭筈豌豆不同混播比例草地,在适宜刈割时期牧草养分比较研究。结果表明,各混播比例间的产草量、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分、Ca和P含量差异显著,混播可显著提高产草量和牧草品质;且随着箭筈豌豆比例的增加,粗蛋白含量随之增加,最高为单播箭筈豌豆达到22.58%。各混播比例以H4为佳,鲜草产量达到7.71 kg/m2、粗蛋白含量达到13.66%、粗脂肪含量达到1.99%、粗纤维含量达到35.99%、粗灰分含量达到6.77%、Ca:P为5.36。在西藏气候适宜的地区可将‘白燕2号’与箭筈豌豆按此比例（箭筈豌豆40%+‘白燕2号’60%）混播推广以改善饲草品质。     

河南省优良草种区划的探索

通过对河南省主要草种的生物学特点、生态学特点以及经济价值的分析,结合当前农牧业发展对饲草的需要特点的分析,采用系统学优化理论,确定了河南省当家草种应具备的条件,制定了全省草种区划方案。结果表明：适合河南省的当家草种有10种,分别是：紫花苜蓿、沙打旺、苇状羊茅、多年生黑麦草、小冠花、红三叶、杂三叶、鸡脚草、无芒雀麦;适合河南省草业优质发展的草种区域有6个,分别是：豫北平原牧草种植区、豫西北黄土丘陵和太行山地种植区、豫中东低洼平原和南阳盆地种植区、豫西山地种植区、淮南与桐柏山区种植区、豫东平原种植区,并且明确了各区域内以当家草种为核心的草种优化组合。河南省当家草种的制定和草种区划的确定有利于为河南省各地草种的正确选择和草业未来大发展提供理论依据。     

福建省花生秸秆存量、品质与固碳评价

为缓解福建省发展畜牧业过程中豆科饲草短缺现状,了解福建省花生秸秆资源情况,为花生秸秆资源的合理利用提供依据,采用随机区组小区试验和品质分析等方法,结合统计年鉴数据,对12个福建省适栽的花生品种秸秆产量、主要品质与固碳量进行评价分析。结果表明,荚果产量为4012.5~5557.5 kg/hm2,平均为5119.5 kg/hm2;籽仁产量2742~3843 kg/hm2,平均为2881.5 kg/hm2;花生秸秆鲜草产量为20425.5~28488 kg/hm2,平均为24475.5 kg/ hm2;花生秸秆含水率为69.95%~73.98%,平均为72.41%;估算出2008-2010年福建省花生秸秆鲜草存量约235.087万t~242.45303万t,年平均为239.199万t;干草量约64.86万t~66.89万t,年平均为65.995万t。秸秆蛋白质含量8.38%~10.7%,平均为9.57%;粗脂肪含量1.2%~2.5%,平均为1.7%;总糖含量0.82%~6.26%,平均为4.72%;蔗糖含量0.4%~3.0%,平均为2.2%;还原糖含量0.4%~3.2%,平均为2.4%;中性洗涤纤维含量43.03%~52.4%,平均为46.48%;酸性洗涤纤维含量33.49%~42.23%,平均为36.67%;酸洗木质素含量7.19%~9.66%,平均为8.15%。综合品质分析,‘福花4号’、‘皖花4号’等品种的秸秆品质较优。福建省花生所固定的CO2约133.455924万t~143.007561万t,年平均为136.0317315万t。花生秸秆是优质的牧草资源,可相当于65万t饲料粮食,花生生产对CO2固定的贡献巨大,可减轻CO2排放对大气温室效应的影响。     

Performance of Timothy-based Grass/Legume Mixtures in Cold Winter Region

This study sought to identify grass/legume mixtures that increase the yield and persistence of forage stands with improved nutritive quality in cold‐winter regions, compared with the standard mixture of timothy (Phleum pratense L.)/red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)/alsike clover (Trifolium hybridum L.). Timothy was mixed with either perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis L.) or Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). The legumes in mixtures were red clover, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) or white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Averaged over three production years, the majority of mixtures had greater dry matter (DM) yields than the standard (8.35 t ha^?1). Timothy, grown alone and in three mixtures, outyielded the standard by 19–30 %. Yield reductions in mixtures over the 3‐year period were greatest with red clover, and least with bluegrass. Mixtures with alfalfa were highest in nitrogen (28.4 g kg^?1), while grasses grown alone (24.6 g kg^?1) and the standard mixture (25.1 g kg^?1) were the lowest in N. Mixtures with red clover or alfalfa had the least neutral detergent fibre (NDF), averaging 418 and 429 g kg^?1 respectively. Mixtures including white clover were initially low in NDF at 347 g kg^?1 in year 1 but increased to 550 g kg^?1 in year 3 as white clover composition declined in the sward.     

Tall fescue forage mass in a grass-legume mixture: predicted efficiency of indirect selection

High fertilizer prices and improved environmental stewardship have increased interest in grass-legume mixed pastures. It has been hypothesized, but not validated, that the ecological combining ability between grasses and legumes can be improved by breeding specifically for mixture performance. This experiment examined the predicted efficiency of selection in a grass monoculture environment to indirectly improve tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.) forage mass in a grass-legume mixture. Heritability, genetic and rank correlations, and selection efficiencies were estimated for forage mass in a tall fescue half-sib population grown as spaced-plants overseeded with either turf-type tall fescue (monoculture) or alfalfa (mixture). Heritability for tall fescue forage mass in monoculture ranged from 0.32 to 0.70 and were always similar or greater than those in mixture (range 0.27–0.55) for four successive harvests and annual total. Genetic correlations between monoculture and mixture tall fescue forage mass varied with values of 0.48, 0.92, ?0.31, 0.70, and 0.25 in June, July, August, October, and annual total, respectively. Indirect selection efficiencies exceeded or approached direct selection for mixtures only in July and October (1.29, and 0.73, respectively). Whereas, indirect selection efficiencies were low in June, August, and annual forage mass (0.58, ?0.31, and 0.28, respectively). Moreover, low Spearman’s rank correlations (?0.03 to 0.35) indicated differing half-sib family performance between the monoculture and mixture environments. Results indicate that direct selection should be used to improve tall fescue forage mass in a grass-legume mixture, and support the hypothesis of increasing ecological combining ability by breeding for mixtures per se.     

Establishment, Development and Yield of Forage Legumes and Grasses as Cover Crops in Grain Corn in Eastern Canada

Interseeded cover crops can minimize soil erosion, increase organic matter and nutrient levels and the yield of subsequent crops. However, their performance is very sensitive to local conditions. Field experiments were conducted at two Quebec locations in 1993 and 1994 in order to evaluate the potential use of forage legumes and grasses as interseeds in corn in eastern Canada. Twelve forage species were evaluated. Fall rye ( Secale cereal L.), hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa Roth), a mixture of red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.) and ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum Lam), a mixture of white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) and ryegrass, subterranean clover ( Trifolium subterraneum L.), yellow sweet clover ( Melilotus officinalis Lam.), black medic ( Medicago lupulina L.), Persian clover ( Trifolium resupinatum L.), strawberry clover ( Trifolium fragiferum L.), crimson clover ( Trifolium incarnatum L.), annual alfalfa ( Medicago saliva L.) and berseem clover ( Trifolium alexandrinum L.) were seeded at two planting dates (10 and 20 days after corn emergence). The control treatments were: hand weeding, chemical weeding and non-weeded. Early seeded forages established better and had higher biomass accumulation than the late seeded ones. In the presence of larger weed populations, the interseeded forages did not develop well due to competition with the weeds. At Macdonald crimson clover provided good soil cover while Persian clover, fall rye and alfalfa provided relatively little cover. Strawberry clover and hairy vetch did not provide early ground cover due to their late development. Forage mixtures of red or white clover and rye grass established well and achieved high populations at the end of the growing season. Fall rye provided good early ground cover but senesced by the middle of the season. The better establishment and early germination of crimson clover caused a 19% reduction in corn grain yield in 1993. In 1994 none of the cover crops caused a reduction in corn yield.     

留茬高度与刈割时株高对墨西哥玉米产量及饲用品质的影响

在大田条件下，比较了不同留茬高度和刈割时株高对墨西哥玉米（Euchlaena mexicana）产量和饲用营养品质的影响，采用概略养分分析法评价其饲用价值。结果表明，留茬30 cm处理的总鲜草产量为14.1 kg·m^-2，总干草产量为1.90 kg·m^-2，显著高于留茬20 cm和留茬10 cm处理；其粗蛋白（CP）和粗纤维（CF）含量较高，粗灰分（CA）和无氮浸出物（NFE）含量较低。株高130 cm时刈割与对照处理（株高95 cm）的产量差异不显著，但其CP、NFE含量较低，CA和CF含量较高；株高60 cm刈割处理的CP、NFE含量高，CA和CF含量低，但产量显著低于对照处理。综合分析5项饲用营养成分和总能量（GE）产量，留茬高度30 cm、株高95 cm时刈割可实现墨西哥玉米生产的高产优质。     

不同施肥处理对花生产量、品质及衰老的影响

大田条件下,以"花育22号"品种为材料,研究了有机无机肥及其配施对花生产量和品质的影响。结果表明,不同种类肥料均能不同程度地提高花生根系活力、叶面积系数和叶片中叶绿素含量,延缓花生衰老,提高单株果数、饱果率和荚果产量。特别是有机肥可显著提高脂肪含量,无机肥可降低棕榈酸含量,提高亚油酸含量;施肥对硬脂酸、油酸、蛋白质及氨基酸等含量没有明显影响。有机无机肥配施对延缓植株衰老、提高荚果产量和脂肪含量效果优于单独施用其中任何一种肥料。     

Endophyte Infection May Affect the Competitive Ability of Tall Fescue Grown with Red Clover

Cool-season grasses infected with Neotyphodium endophytes may be more persistent and competitive than non-infected plants. In a greenhouse experiment, two tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) cloned genotypes (DN2 and DN11) with different growth characteristics and endophyte status (E−, non-infected; E+, infected) were grown in monocultures and in full competition with red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.) cv. Reddy Red for 20 weeks. When grown in monoculture, endophyte infection reduced the root dry matter (DM) of DN2 (16 %) and DN11 (5 %) when compared to E− plants, while shoot DM was not affected. In full competition with red clover, root and shoot DM of tall fescue were not influenced by endophytes, but cumulative herbage DM yield was less in E+ than in E− plants. Root growth of red clover was significantly depressed (22 %) in competition with E+ plants of DN2 compared to E− plants, but was not affected when plants were grown in competition with DN11. The relative yield total (RYT) did not differ from 1.0 in red clover mixtures with E− plants of DN2 and DN11, and with E+ plants of DN11, indicating competition between the competitors for the same resources. In contrast, RYT was less than 1.0 in the red clover/DN2 E+ mixture, suggesting a negative interaction between the competitors. Endophyte infection increased the competitive ability of DN2 but reduced that of DN11 when compared to E− plants. Because the concentration of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in roots of E+ plants of DN2 was twice that found in roots of DN11 (1083 and 536 μg g⁻¹, respectively), we suggest that pyrrolizidine alkaloids might influence the competitive ability of some endophyte–tall fescue associations through a possible allelopathic effect on companion species.     

牧草叶作为饲料原料的营养价值分析

[目的]研究旨在测定5种牧草叶片的主要营养成分,分析、评价其氨基酸的营养价值,以期为牧草叶型饲料的开发利用提供科学依据。[方法]各样品的粗蛋白、氨基酸、粗脂肪、钙、磷含量采用常规方法测定,中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量采用滤袋法测定;采用必需氨基酸的氨基酸评分及化学评分评价各样品氨基酸营养价值。[结果]结果表明：(1)5种牧草叶片中CP、Ca、NDF和ADF含量的差异较大,其中CP、Ca、NDF含量差异均达到显著水平(P＜0.05);水葫芦CP含量最高;2种豆科牧草叶片的CP含量显著高于禾本科牧草叶片,ADF含量则显著低于禾本科牧草叶片。(2)5种牧草叶片氨基酸种类齐全,总氨基酸、必需氨基酸含量丰富;蛋氨酸是5种牧草叶片的共同第一限制性氨基酸。[结论](1)水葫芦、紫花苜蓿、葛藤叶片的CP含量较高,可以作为蛋白饲料原料开发利用。(2)多花黑麦草和杂交狼尾草叶可以作为优质粗饲料进行开发利用。(3)利用5种牧草叶片配制牧草叶型畜禽全价饲料应适当添加蛋氨酸或补充富含蛋氨酸的原料。     

Effect of Overseeding Forages into Alfalfa on Alfalfa Weevil, Forage Yield and Quality

Many alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) fields are sprayed each year with insecticides to control Egyptian alfalfa weevil ( Hypera brunneipennis ) and the alfalfa weevil ( Hypera postica ). Overseeding various species of legumes and grasses into established alfalfa has been proposed as a method to mitigate weevil damage without insecticides. Established fields of alfalfa were overseeded with legumes and grasses in randomized complete block designs in three years of study in a Mediterranean climate in the Sacramento Valley of California, USA. Several overseeding practices maintained or increased yields compared with the insecticide-sprayed treatment. Overseeding increased or maintained forage yield, eliminating the need for insecticides. However, overseeding did not prevent weevil damage to alfalfa. Overseeding is best used to extend the life of alfalfa stands in the final year of production, since overseeding can thin alfalfa stands. Market acceptance for mixed-species hay and harvest management of overseeded forages are the most important limitations to overseeding practices.