鸽沙门氏菌病病原特性的研究

本文报道了广东部分地区鸽沙门氏菌病的病原学特性。作者对广东地区4个不同类型鸽场和2个销售鸽的商业点发生的腹泻、慢性关节炎和运动神经障碍的病鸽进行了病原分离,对分离到的病原菌——沙门氏菌的形态、染色、生化特性、抗原结构和药物敏感性等进行了研究,并用分离菌在幼鸽中人工复制了沙门氏菌病。此外,尚对感染途径、发病原因和病的防治等进行了探讨。     

鸽主要传染病免疫预防的研究

河南省某大型鸽场发生以神经症状、拉绿色或白色稀便、出血性肠炎和肝肿大出血为特征的传染病,共死鸽3 00O羽,随后检查多批由该场及郊县送检的病、死鸽及血清,证明了引起鸽死亡的主要传染病是鸽巴氏杆菌病和沙门氏杆菌病。为了解河南省鸽群传染病的流行情况。对多批送检的病、死鸽及血清进行了病原分离鉴定、动物接种试验和抗体检查,查明了引起鸽死亡的主要传染病,并用分离的病原制成疫苗进行防制,取得了满意结果。     

鸽致病性大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及耐药基因的检测

江苏省某鸽场鸽群出现呼吸困难,死亡增多现象,剖检病死鸽,呈现气囊炎、腹膜炎和皮下广泛性出血等病变。无菌采集脾脏、肺脏等脏器进行病毒分离,但未分离到病毒。选取健康鸽和病鸽各10只,测定新城疫抗体,其抗体水平均较高。同时,无菌采集病料分离到2株细菌,经分离培养、染色镜检、生化特性鉴定,确定为大肠杆菌,玻板凝集试验表明C株为O163型,D株为O138型。对分离到的细菌做药敏试验,结果表明,C株对链霉素等8种药物产生了耐药性,对氟苯尼考等4种药物敏感;D株对庆大霉素等5种药物产生耐药性,对链霉素等7种药物敏感。分别设计引物对其耐药基因进行PCR检测。     

F-Ⅶ型鹅副粘病毒辽宁强毒株对鸽的致病性研究

用F -Ⅶ型鹅副粘病毒DG0 1株人工感染 6周龄非免疫鸽 ,观察试验鸽的发病情况、临床症状 ,对病死鸽组织进行病毒分离和病理变化进行观察研究。结果表明 ,鹅副粘病毒人工感染 84小时后可致试验组鸽 1 0 0 %发病 ,6天后 1 0 0 %死亡。且从攻毒死亡鸽肝、脑、肺、气管和泄殖腔等组织中回收到接种毒。病鸽表现下痢、瘫痪、头颈扭转、点头或震颤等症状 ;病鸽各组织器官均有明显的组织损伤 ,表现显著的变化、坏死或出血等变化 ;病毒可以在鸽体内多种组织器官中增殖。表明鹅副粘病毒对鸽具有较强的致病性     

鸽Ⅰ型副黏病毒、圆环病毒和疱疹病毒混合感染的诊断

研究旨在确诊广西某肉鸽场中出现神经症状的病鸽并为该场提供相应的防治方案,通过临床诊断、病理解剖、分子生物学检测、细菌分离、病毒分离等方法对广西某肉鸽场病鸽进行诊断。结果显示,剖检可见病鸽肝脾肿大、坏死,花斑肾;分子生物学检测结果显示,鸽Ⅰ型副黏病毒（pigeon paramyxovirus type 1,PPMV-1）、圆环病毒（pigeon circovirus,PiCV）和疱疹病毒（pigeon herpesvirus,PiHV）为阳性;对病样进行细菌培养,结果未分离到细菌;将病样接种SPF鸡胚进行病毒分离,结果显示,尿囊液血凝效价稳定在8 log2,其血凝性可被新城疫病毒（NDV）阳性血清抑制,但不能被禽流感病毒（AIV）阳性血清抑制。研究表明,最终诊断结果为PPMV-1、PiCV和PiHV混合感染。     

鸽源多杀性巴氏杆菌的分离与鉴定

从天门市某养鸽场采集发病鸽的心血、肝、肺等组织病料进行细菌的分离培养,并对分离的菌株进行生化鉴定、人工感染动物和药敏试验。结果显示,分离的病原体为多杀性巴氏杆菌,该菌株对蒽诺沙星、环丙沙星高度敏感,对氨苄青霉素、庆大霉素中度敏感,对氯霉素、青霉素、四环素和磺胺二甲嘧啶不敏感。     

鸽常见病的防治技术

对鸽沙门氏菌病、鸽溃疡性肠炎、鸽Ⅰ型副黏病毒病、鸽痘、鸽衣原体病、鸽伤风感冒、鸽霉形体病、鸽念珠菌病、鸽曲霉菌病、鸽毛滴虫病、鸽球虫病、鸽蛔虫病、鸽毛细线虫病、鸽绦虫病等病的症状、诊断方法和防治措施进行了综述。     

鸽常见病的防治技术

对鸽沙门氏菌病、鸽溃疡性肠炎、鸽Ⅰ型副黏病毒病、鸽痘、鸽衣原体病、鸽伤风感冒、鸽霉形体病、鸽念珠菌病、鸽曲霉菌病、鸽毛滴虫病、鸽球虫病、鸽蛔虫病、鸽毛细线虫病、鸽绦虫病等痛的症状、诊断方法和防治措施进行了综述.     

鸽新城疫病毒弱毒株的分离与鉴定

对某鸽场送检的6只通过病理剖检疑似新城疫(ND)的病鸽进行实验室诊断,包括细菌分离、新城疫病毒荧光RT-PCR检测、SPF鸡胚分离与鉴定,并测定其鸡胚分离物F3代EID50和ICPI.结果为内脏病料新城疫病毒荧光RT-PCR检测为阳性;SPF鸡胚分离到一株有血凝活性的病毒,经HA和HI鉴定为NDV,其F3代血凝价为1∶26,EID50为107.63,ICPI为1.19.根据病鸽的临床症状、鸡胚分离物EID50和IC-PI,确定该鸽新城疫病毒分离株为弱毒株.     

F-Ⅶ型鹅副粘病毒辽宁强毒株对鸽的致病性研究

用F-Ⅶ型鹅副粘病毒DG01株人工感染6周龄非免疫鸽，观察试验鸽的发病情况、临床症状。对病死鸽组织进行病毒分离和病理变化进行观察研究。结果表明，鹅副粘病毒人工感染84小时后可致试验组鸽100％发病，6天后。100％死亡。且从攻毒死亡鸽肝、脑、肺、气管和泄殖腔等组织中回收到接种毒。病鸽表现下痢、瘫痪、头颈扭转、点头或震颤等症状；病鸽各组织器官均有明显的组织损伤，表现显著的变化、坏死或出血等变化；病毒可以在鸽体内多种组织器官中增殖。表明鹅副粘病毒时鸽且有鲮谨的致病性。     

Temporal changes in the population genetics of Salmonella pullorum

Salmonella pullorum is the cause of pullorum disease, which is characterized by white diarrhea and a high mortality rate in poultry. During the 1990s, the serologic "pullorum" test has occasionally failed to detect infected birds during the early stage of disease. To determine if any recent genetic changes have taken place in S. pullorum to account for poor seroconversion sometimes observed in infected flocks, S. pullorum from 1990s outbreaks and strains isolated prior to the 1980s were typed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Of 40 S. pullorum isolates typed by this method, eight distinct DNA patterns were identified with one of three RAPD polymerase chain reaction primers. Sixty-two percent of S. pullorum isolates shared the same RAPD DNA pattern, and a major proportion of these strains were from recent flock infections. The RAPD patterns for S. pullorum were clearly distinct from the avian Salmonella group B isolates included in this analysis. The distribution of Salmonella virulence genes among avian Salmonella isolates was also examined. Eighty-five percent of the S. pullorum isolates had both the virulence plasmid gene, spvB, and the invasion gene, invA, with the same percentage positive for the Salmonella enteriditis fimbrial gene, sef. However, significant variability was observed among S. pullorum in their ability to invade avian epithelial cells, despite the presence of the Salmonella invasion gene in these isolates.     

Salmonella pullorum in the common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus)

In 1996, pullorum disease due to Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar pullorum (Salmonella pullorum) was diagnosed in pheasants on a gamebird rearing enterprise in south-west Scotland. The gross pathology and bacteriological findings are described, as are the results of screening for S pullorum on the site in 1997. The causal organism was readily isolated from the lung, liver, yolk sac and heart blood on direct culture, but less readily from the digestive tract or by the use of selective media. The bacteria recovered from the pheasants were identified as S pullorum phage type 7, a phage type previously associated with pheasants rather than domestic fowl, and the organisms were most probably introduced to the site by the movement of carrier pheasants.     

鸡白痢沙门氏菌CVCC578标准株VBNC研究模型的建立及鉴定

为建立活的非可培养状态(VBNC)研究模型,本研究利用液体LB和4℃联合条件对鸡白痢沙门氏菌CVCC578参考株的进行VBNC诱导,构建VBNC研究模型。同时依靠胎牛血清和程序性升温对处于该状态的菌体进行复苏,并对复苏前后的细菌进行了16SrRNA验证。结果表明:实验菌株经液体LB和4℃联合诱导后,可培养菌数在55d后降至零,总菌数在整个观察期内基本不变,而活菌数在150d后开始下降,180d后下降显著,表明实验菌株可在55d进入VBNC,而且维持时间至180d。当进入该状态后,菌体形态可由杆状变为球杆或球形,并且菌体排列可由单在变为聚集。经复苏和16SrRNA鉴定后,"变态"的细菌被证实为沙门氏菌,而非杂污染菌。该实验为规范VBNC沙门氏菌的鉴定程序以及制订相应的国家检测标准提供了实验依据。     

合成绵羊抗菌肽NK-Lysin抗菌活性及其对雏鸡沙门氏菌攻毒的治疗效果研究

为了研究绵羊抗菌肽NK-Lysin主要活性区的生物学功能,试验设计并合成了3对功能区多肽片段,并利用径向扩散试验和最小抑菌浓度对其抗菌活性进行检测,分析了合成多肽对鸡血红细胞的毒性作用,筛选出抗菌效果最好的多肽对沙门氏菌攻毒的雏鸡进行治疗,检测其治疗效果。结果表明,合成多肽对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌具有抑制活性,多肽片段长度、多肽C-端有无酰胺化及多肽内的二硫键是否成环对多肽的抗菌活性均有影响;筛选出的2个多肽在治疗雏鸡沙门氏菌攻毒的过程中能够明显降低死亡率,对雏鸡心脏、肝脏、肾脏的病理损伤也明显小于对照组。本研究结果为绵羊抗菌肽NK-Lysin作为候选抗菌药物的开发奠定了基础。     

Antimicrobial Activity of Synthesized Sheep NK-Lysin Peptides and Its Treatment for Chicken Salmonella Challenge

In order to study the biological function of the main active region of sheep antimicrobial peptide NK-Lysin, three pairs of functional domain peptide fragments were designed and synthesized the antibacterial activity was detected by radial diffusion test and minimal inhibitory concentration. We analyzed the toxic effects of chicken red blood cells and screen the best peptides for treatment chicken challenged by Salmonella pullorum in this study. The rusults showed that synthesized peptides were inhibitory to Escherichia coli and Salmonella pullorum. Fragment length of peptides, C-terminal amidation and peptide inner loop were essential to antibacterial activity. Two of synthesized peptides were used to treat chichen challenged by Salmonella pullorum which obviously decreased the mortality of chicken. The pathological damage of heart,liver,kidney were less than that of control group. This study laid a foundation for the development of the sheep NK-Lysin peptides as candidate antimicrobial agents.     

Characterization of swimming motility and identification of flagellar proteins in Salmonella pullorum isolates

OBJECTIVE: To identify swimming motility in Salmonella pullorum isolates and to characterize the flagellar proteins produced by motile isolates. SAMPLE POPULATION: 30 S pullorum isolates and isolates of 7 other Salmonella sp. PROCEDURE: Salmonella pullorum isolates were inoculated into high motility medium to evaluate swimming motility. Putative flagellar proteins were purified from the organisms and analyzed by means of gel electrophoresis and western blotting procedures, using various antisera specific for flagellar proteins. Antisera shown to be reactive with putative flagellar proteins were incorporated into the growth medium to examine their effects on motility of the isolates. RESULTS: All S pullorum isolates had evidence of swimming motility. Two putative flagellar proteins were purified from 2 of the S pullorum isolates: a 60 to 62 kd protein shown to react with antiserum specific for type y flagellar protein, and a 58 to 59 kd protein shown to react with antiserum specific for type d flagellar protein and with antibody reactive to a highly conserved flagellar epitope found on various Enterobacteriaceae. Antiserum specific for type d flagellar protein inhibited swimming motility of S pullorum isolates, but antiserum specific for type y flagellar protein did not. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that S pullorum isolates can be induced to manifest swimming motility when grown on medium with a low agar concentration and possess a 58 to 59 kd protein of d serotype and a second protein of 60 to 62 kd that also may be a flagellar protein.     

肉种鸡场鸡白痢和大肠杆菌病混合感染的试验研究

为研究及大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌对鸡的危害,无菌采集某鸡场送检的死亡肉仔鸡和鸡胚样品,进行病原菌的分离、鉴定,结果显示引起该鸡场鸡只发病的病原除大肠杆菌外,还伴有沙门氏菌的混合感染。其中11日龄自然死亡鸡样品、11日龄冻死鸡样品、18日龄冻死鸡样品、活鸡泄殖腔拭子样品大肠杆菌分离率分别为:66.7%、0%、36.4%和100%。沙门氏菌分离率分别为:88.9%、100%、63.6%和13.3%。其中11日龄自然死亡鸡样品混合感染率为55.6%。     

鸡白痢沙门氏菌阳性血清国家标准品制备用菌株的筛选

为了制备鸡白痢沙门氏菌阳性血清标准型国家标准品及鸡白痢沙门氏菌阳性血清变异型国家标准品,对中国兽医微生物菌种保藏管理中心保藏的10株来源背景清晰的鸡白痢沙门氏菌菌株的形态、生化特性、培养特性、血清学特性、抗原性进行了鉴定,并进行了变异检查及沙门氏菌基于inv A基因的PCR检测。结果表明,CVCC79201株及CVCC79207株分别符合鸡白痢沙门氏菌标准型菌株及变异型菌株的特性,CVCC79201株菌制备的抗原与WHO标准实验室提供的AntiS.Pullorum Serum(S)及Anti-S.Pullorum Serum(V)国际标准品的强阳性血清和弱阳性血清均能发生100%凝集,CVCC79207株菌制备的抗原与Anti-S.Pullorum Serum(S)国际标准品的弱阳性血清发生75%凝集,与Anti-S.Pullorum Serum(S)国际标准品的强阳性血清及Anti-S.Pullorum Serum(V)国际标准品的强阳性血清和弱阳性血清均能发生100%凝集。用其制备免疫抗原免疫家兔后获得的阳性血清效价较高于鸡白痢沙门氏菌阳性血清国际标准品。结果证明,CVCC79201株及CVCC79207株可分别用于制备鸡白痢沙门氏菌阳性血清标准型国家标准品及鸡白痢沙门氏菌阳性血清变异型国家标准品。     

马尾藻多糖纳米脂质体对人工感染鸡白痢沙门氏菌预防试验

目的：研究马尾藻多糖纳米脂质体对鸡白痢的预防效果。方法：采用人工感染鸡白痢沙门氏菌病症模型,分别加马尾藻多糖纳米脂质体100、200、400 mg/kg于人工感染雏鸡,观察马尾藻多糖纳米脂质体对鸡白痢的预防作用。结果：马尾藻多糖纳米脂质体能降低鸡人工感染沙门氏菌的死亡率。结论：马尾藻多糖纳米脂质体对鸡白痢有一定的预防作用。     

The detection of Salmonella typhimurium varatio copenhagen DT 2 in purebred pigeons

On the occasion of a large exhibition of pure-breed fancy pigeons 398 animals from 49 different dovecotes were examined for Salmonella shedding. Faecal samples were taken after caging of the birds for the exhibition and after 3 days, before the end of the exhibition. Salmonella were detected in faeces of 28 out of 398 pigeons (7.04%). 10 birds were Salmonella positive only after caging for the exhibition, 10 other animals only before the end of the exhibition, and 8 pigeons at both occasions. The Salmonella positive birds originated from 15 different dovecotes, i.e. in ca. 30% of the dovecotes at the exhibition at least 1 Salmonella positive pigeon was identified. The share of positive birds in these dovecotes varied between 5% and 83%. All Salmonella isolates belonged to the serovar Typhimurium variant copenhagen and were of phage type DT 2. The results of this study do not provide complete evidence on the spreading of Salmonella organisms from birds infected at time of caging to other pigeons during the exhibition, however, such transmission cannot be excluded. In only 18 dovecotes pigeons were immunised against Salmonella Typhimurium. However, in these dovecotes all breeder birds but only 13% of the young pigeons had been immunised. Among the vaccinated breeder pigeons the number of Salmonella positive birds was considerably lower (not significant) than among the non-vaccinated breeders. There is epidemiological evidence that vaccination of pigeons has a considerable protective effect against Salmonella exposure. However, in order to effectively reduce Salmonella findings in pure-breed fancy pigeons it is recommended to provide vaccination to pigeons in a greater number of dovecotes and to include the progeny, too.