1986—1989年杂交稻种质资源抗褐飞虱鉴定研究

褐飞虱(Nilaparuata Lagens　stal)是我省水稻上的大害虫,亦为我国南方稻区及东南亚国家的主要害虫。特别从杂交水稻大面积推广后,高群体栽培,田间小气候更宜稻飞虱的繁殖。实践证明,栽培抗性品种,是经济有效的防治褐飞虱的主要措施之一。因此,我们从1986年开始进行了杂交水稻“三系”资源抗褐飞虱的鉴定研究,至1989年共鉴定2429份材料,表现高抗—一中抗( 0～3级)的材料为400份,占16.47%,为选育杂交水稻抗褐飞虱的新组合,提供可靠的科学依据。 一、试验技料与方法一,—,- (一)供试品种:由湖南杂交水稻研究中心资源室提供,其中恢复系2041份,…     

水稻新品种（系）对褐飞虱抗性的筛选及评价

 采用改进的苗期集团筛选法，测定了1999 ~2002年国家和浙江省水稻育种攻关项目的769个水稻新品种（系）对褐飞虱的抗性反应。结果表明，在769个品种中筛选出抗级为0~5级的品种93个，其中长持抗期（LD）、中持抗期（MD）和短持抗期（SD）级的品种分别有3、13、77个。同时对1999~2000年和部分2001年苗期抗级为0~5级的47个水稻品种进行成株期持抗期鉴定，发现苗期与成株期LD、MD、SD相一致的品种分别有3、3、15个；苗期为SD、成株期为MD的品种有3个，成株期无持抗期的品种有21个；苗期为MD、成株期为SD的品种有3个。试验进一步表明，利用水稻苗期和成株期的受害级别（5级）和持抗期长短（MD~LD）来评价耐褐飞虱水稻品种是一种比较可行的方法。     

水稻抗褐飞虱遗传和育种研究

综述了水稻抗褐飞虱基因资源的鉴定及其分布特点、水稻抗褐飞虱主基因定位和QTL分析、水稻抗褐飞虱遗传的“基因对基因”关系以及水稻品种对褐飞虱的抗虫机制与褐飞虱对抗虫品种的适应等4个方面的研究进展，同时简述了抗褐飞虱基因的育种利用现状，并对今后抗褐飞虱遗传和育种利用研究作了展望。     

两步法构建灰飞虱RNAi载体及水稻遗传转化

灰飞虱不仅直接危害水稻,还是水稻条纹叶枯病和黑条矮缩病的传播媒介。为了探索防治灰飞虱及由灰飞虱引起的水稻病毒病的方法,本研究利用两步法快速高效构建灰飞虱RNAi载体,并应用于水稻遗传转化。针对灰飞虱的激活性蛋白激酶C受体(RACK)基因设计了一对特异性引物,通过PCR扩增一段200 bp的干扰片段,将干扰片段克隆到入门载体p ENTR,再经过LR反应使入门载体上的干扰片段整合入目的载体p ANDA,形成RNAi载体p ANDA-RACK,通过农杆菌EHA105介导的水稻转化法转入武陵粳1号,获得20株经鉴定为阳性的转基因植株,为防控灰飞虱及其传播的水稻病毒病提供了珍贵材料。     

温度对水稻抗褐飞虱特性的影响

 为研究温度对水稻抗褐飞虱特性的影响,于2007年和2008年应用苗期集团筛选法（SSST）在杭州地区的自然条件下测定了抗性水稻品种IR26和IR36对田间褐飞虱的抗性,同时比较了不同温度（22℃、25℃、28℃、31℃和34℃）下IR26和IR36对褐飞虱的抗性、可溶性糖和草酸含量的变化。自然条件下,IR26已完全失去对杭州种群褐飞虱的抗性,而IR36仍具中等抗性。在25℃到34℃的范围内随着温度升高,IR26对褐飞虱抗性减弱,但22℃条件下抗性比25℃更弱。IR36在温度升高的条件下对褐飞虱的抗性总体呈降低趋势,在31℃和34℃下也已完全失去对褐飞虱的抗性。在22~25℃条件下,IR26和IR36的持抗期均在25℃下最长,分别为9 d和11 d。3个品种稻株中的可溶性糖含量均随温度升高而增加,而草酸含量则随温度升高先增加后下降,在25℃时为最大值。不同温度下及不同水稻品种之间稻株内可溶性糖和草酸的含量均有显著差异。     

水稻灰飞虱药剂防治试验研究与推广应用

10余种药剂试验与示范结果表明，防治水稻灰飞虱以40％毒死蜱（新农宝）每667m^2用量100ml防治效果为最佳，其次为5％锐劲特每667m^2用量50ml，这两种药剂防效明显优于其他供试药剂，可用于春季冬闲田杂草、小麦田和单季晚稻穗期灰飞虱防治。     

籼型杂交水稻抗褐飞虱育种研究

 对80份籼型杂交水稻恢复系的抗褐飞虱特性鉴定表明,30份材料对褐飞虱抗性达中抗以上水平,其中12份材料的持抗性优于ASD7。将这12份材料的抗级为0～3级、持抗期≥7 d的优质抗性材料归为一级抗性材料。经杂种优势的测定、外观米质评价、白叶枯病和稻瘟病抗性鉴定,筛选出对两病一虫达中抗水平,与协青早A的杂种产量比对照汕优10号增产12.9%的杂交水稻新恢复系埃红/台1059;以及高抗褐飞虱、高抗稻瘟病、中抗白叶枯病且外观米质极好的恢复系LS2/密阳46。     

水稻二代灰飞虱药剂防治试验

近年来,灰飞虱在阜宁县连续大发生,导致水稻条纹叶枯病呈大流行态势,对水稻生产构成严重威胁。为进一步探索高效“治虱控病”药剂,筛选出理想药种,2006年6月份进行了50%稻丰散EC和60%稻·唑磷EC等药剂防治稻田二代灰飞虱田间药效试验。     

水稻抗褐飞虱基因研究进展与展望

褐飞虱严重影响水稻的产量和品质,抗虫品种的培育和种植是控制该虫害最安全有效的措施。水稻抗褐飞虱育种的关键是抗虫基因的发掘和合理利用。目前至少报道了34个褐飞虱抗性位点,其中28个主效抗性基因已被定位,显性基因Bph3、Bph14和Bph26已被成功克隆。介绍了水稻褐飞虱的生物型及抗性机理、褐飞虱抗性基因定位与克隆及抗虫基因在育种上的应用,并对水稻褐飞虱抗性育种面临的问题和应用前景进行了讨论。     

水稻品种(组合)对褐飞虱抗性的田间表现

在褐飞虱大发生的2007年单季稻期间,以TN1作为感虫对照,在浙江省金华市评价了48份水稻品种(组合)的田间成株期抗性表现。结果表明,16个品种(组合)表现为田间成株期感虫,其他32个品种(组合)具有中抗以上水平,其中丙04-123、Ⅱ优845、宜香845、中组14、嘉兴优04-1和IR36等品种(组合)达高抗水平。在持久抗性方面,除高抗品种外,秀水09、新嘉优99、嘉优22-5、秀优0969、宁04-81、丙04-103、丙04-08、丙04-123、R4101、丙04-132、丙05-129、丙05-227、浙粳23和浙粳22等品种(组合)具持抗性。试验表明,成株期田间褐飞虱抗性评价对生产实践具有更重要的意义。     

Evaluation of Rice Germplasm for Resistance to the Small Brown Planthopper(Laodelphax striatellus)and Analysis of Resistance Mechanism

One hundred and thirty-eight rice accessions were screened for resistance to the small brown planthopper(SBPH)resistance to SBPH were detected,accounting for 18.1%of the total accessions,which included 2 highly resistant,9 resistant and 14 moderately resistant varieties.Compared with indica rice,japonica rice was more susceptible to SBPH.Antixenosis test,antibiosis test and correlation analysis were performed to elucidate the resistance mechanism.The resistant check Rathu Heenati(RHT),highly resistant varieties Mudgo and Kasalath,and resistant variety IR36 expressed strong antixenosis and antibiosis against SBPH,indicating the close relationship between resistance level and these two resistance mechanisms in the four rice varieties.Antibiosis was the dominant resistance pattern in the resistant varieties Daorenqiao and Yangmaogu due to their high antibiosis but low antixenosis.Dular,ASD7 and Milyang 23 had relatively strong antixenosis and antibiosis,indicating the two resistance mechanisms were significant in these three varieties.The resistant DV85 expressed relatively high level of antixenosis but low antibiosis,whereas Zhaiyeqing 8 and Guiyigu conferred only moderate antibiosis and antixenosis to SBPH,suggesting tolerance in these three varieties.Antibiosis and antixenosis governed the resistance to SBPH in the moderately resistant accession 9311.Antixenosis was the main resistance type in V20A.Tolerance was considered to be an important resistance mechanism in Minghui 63 and Yangjing 9538 due to their poor antibiosis and antixenosis resistance.The above accessions with strong antibiosis or antixenosis were the ideal materials for the resistance breeding.     

Evaluation of Rice Germplasm for Resistance to the Small Brown Planthopper （Laodelphax striatellus） and Analysis of Resistance Mechanism

One hundred and thirty-eight rice accessions were screened for resistance to the small brown planthopper (SBPH) (Laodelphax striatellus Fallén) by the modified seedbox screening test. Twenty-five rice accessions with different levels of resistance to SBPH were detected, accounting for 18.1% of the total accessions, which included 2 highly resistant, 9 resistant and 14 moderately resistant varieties. Compared with indica rice, japonica rice was more susceptible to SBPH. Antixenosis test, antibiosis test and correlation analysis were performed to elucidate the resistance mechanism. The resistant check Rathu Heenati (RHT), highly resistant varieties Mudgo and Kasalath, and resistant variety IR36 expressed strong antixenosis and antibiosis against SBPH, indicating the close relationship between resistance level and these two resistance mechanisms in the four rice varieties. Antibiosis was the dominant resistance pattern in the resistant varieties Daorenqiao and Yangmaogu due to their high antibiosis but low antixenosis. Dular, ASD7 and Milyang 23 had relatively strong antixenosis and antibiosis, indicating the two resistance mechanisms were significant in these three varieties. The resistant DV85 expressed relatively high level of antixenosis but low antibiosis, whereas Zhaiyeqing 8 and Guiyigu conferred only moderate antibiosis and antixenosis to SBPH, suggesting tolerance in these three varieties. Antibiosis and antixenosis governed the resistance to SBPH in the moderately resistant accession 9311. Antixenosis was the main resistance type in V20A. Tolerance was considered to be an important resistance mechanism in Minghui 63 and Yangjing 9538 due to their poor antibiosis and antixenosis resistance. The above accessions with strong antibiosis or antixenosis were the ideal materials for the resistance breeding.     

广东普通野生稻种质资源对白背飞虱的抗性鉴定

1987～1990年对1537份广东普通野生稻(Oryza sativa L.f.spontanea Roschev.)进行了筛选鉴定。供试虫源采自本院稻田,经扩大繁殖备用。供试样本由广东省农科院水稻研究所野生稻组提供。抗性对照品种为IR13475-7-3-2,以广陆矮4号为敏感对照品种。采用套袋防止异交的方法采集种子;用苗期群体接虫进行初筛;筛出50份抗性材料,剔除敏感植株后移植,分蘖期分丛笼罩接入高龄若虫作生存率测定,作为重复鉴定;评出9份相对生存率40%左右的材料,从中选取生存率最低的单株进行繁殖,再作害虫群体增长、泌露面积测定。初筛不设重复,其余测定为三次重复。     

水稻抗性蛋白OsRRK1抗褐飞虱机理分析

目的 OsRRK1（Rop-interacting receptor-like kinase 1）蛋白是水稻中第一个被研究的类胞质受体激酶RLCKⅥ家族蛋白。在调控水稻叶片的卷曲和对褐飞虱的防御中都起着重要作用,但是其调控机理尚不清楚。本研究试图进一步探究OsRRK1基因抗褐飞虱的机理。方法 利用酵母双杂交的方法分析OsRRK1蛋白与OsLecRK（lectin-like receptor kinase）、OsLecRK1、OsLecRK2、OsLecRK3的互作关系,OsLecRK是抗褐飞虱基因BPH15区间的候选基因,是水稻先天免疫系统中一个重要成员,既参与水稻先天免疫反应,包括对褐飞虱、白叶枯病和稻瘟病的抗性,又参与水稻的发育过程。OsLecRK1、OsLecRK2、OsLecRK3的基因簇组成抗褐飞虱基因BPH3,含BPH3基因的水稻具有广谱、持久的抗虫性。同时利用DNAMAN软件分析OsLecRK蛋白与OsLecRK1、OsLecRK2、OsLecRK3的同源性。结果 DNAMAN的分析结果显示OsLecRK与OsLecRK1、OsLecRK2、OsLecRK3的同源性都很高,蛋白一致性在50%以上;酵母双杂交结果显示OsRRK1与OsLecRK、OsLecRK2和OsLecRK3互作。结论 OsRRK1通过与抗褐飞虱基因BPH15和BPH3候选基因的相互作用参与水稻抗褐飞虱过程。     

Mechanism Analysis of Rice Resistance Protein OsRRK1 Against the Brown Planthopper

【Objective】 OsRRK1 (Rop-interacting receptor-like kinase 1) protein in rice is the first RLCK VI family protein in rice that has been studied. It plays an important role in regulating the curling of rice leaves and the defense against brown planthoppers. However, the mechanism of its regulation of resistance to the brown planthopper remains unclear. We attempt to further explore the mechanism of OsRRK1 gene resistance to the brown planthoppers. 【Method】The interaction between OsRRK1 protein and OsLecRK (lectin-like receptor kinase), OsLecRK1, OsLecRK2 and OsLecRK3 was analyzed by yeast two-hybrid method. OsLecRK is a candidate gene for BPH15 range of anti-brown planthopper, and is an important member of rice innate immune system. OsLecRK is involved in not only rice innate immune response, including resistance to brown planthoppers, white leaf blight and rice blast, but also the development of rice. The gene clusters of OsLecRK1, OsLecRK2 and OsLecRK3 constitute the anti-brown planthopper gene BPH3. Rice containing the BPH3 gene has a broad spectrum and lasting insect resistance. Meanwhile, DNAMAN software was used to analyze the homology of OsLecRK with OsLecRK1, OsLecRK2 and OsLecRK3. 【Result】The analysis results of DNAMAN showed that OsLecRK has high homology with OsLecRK1, OsLecRK2 and OsLecRK3, and the proteins shared more than 50% identity. The results of yeast two-hybrid analysis showed that OsRRK1 interacted with OsLecRK, OsLecRK2 and OsLecRK3.【Conclusion】OsRRK1 participates in the process of resistance to the brown planthoppers through interacting with BPH15 and BPH3 candidate genes.     

浅析褐飞虱对吡蚜酮的抗药性及其对策

褐飞虱是一种水稻生产上危害较严重的害虫。吡蚜酮作为防治稻飞虱的首选长效药剂,使用频繁。为此,笔者结合平湖当地近年来相关田间试验和防治实践,分析了褐飞虱对吡蚜酮较快产生抗药性的原因,并从抗性治理角度提出加强抗性监测、调整防治策略、筛选新药剂、合理轮换和混用,以及推进病虫统防统治等对策建议。     

水稻品种RP1976-18-6-4-2对褐飞虱和稻瘿蚊的抗性评价及其遗传分析

对水稻品种RP1976-18-6-4-2进行褐飞虱和稻瘿蚊的抗性评价及其遗传分析。结果表明,该品种抗褐飞虱生物型Ⅱ、孟加拉型及稻瘿蚊中国Ⅱ型和中国Ⅳ型,它对褐飞虱生物型Ⅱ和孟加拉型的抗性由1对显性基因和1对隐性基因控制;对稻瘿蚊中国Ⅱ型和中国Ⅳ型的抗性由1对显性基因控制。     

Content Variations of the Secondary Compounds in Rice Plants and Their Influence on Rice Resistance to Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens

The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (St?l), is a monophagous pest that feeds only on rice, and sucks the juice from the phloem resulting in drying of the leaves and wilting of the tillers, causing ‘hopper burn’, as well as being an important…     

稻株中抗原次生物质含量变化及其对水稻褐飞虱抗性的影响

 对影响水稻对褐飞虱生物型Ⅱ抗性水平的主要抗原次生化合物，即HPLC谱图中的4个谱峰（峰1、峰2、峰8、峰12）对应的次生化合物的含量变化及其对抗性的影响进行了研究。结果表明，某些品种不同苗龄稻株对褐飞虱生物型Ⅱ的抗性差异，极可能就是这4个相关抗原次生化合物在不同生育期的含量变化所致；与水稻植株其他部位相比，这4种抗原次生物质在叶鞘中的含量最低。这也许是褐飞虱喜欢聚集在叶鞘部位取食的化学因素之一。