牧草种质资源繁殖更新技术规程

依照《农作物种质资源整理技术规程》,结合国家种质牧草中期库和多年生牧草圃在牧草种质资源繁殖更新技术方面取得的丰富经验,并针对存在问题制定“牧草种质资源繁殖更新技术规程”,使得牧草种质资源进行更科学的繁殖更新,为遗传完整且稳定的活种质的保存和利用提供依据。     

牧草种质资源保存体系建立的研究

为了妥善保存种质资源，实现永续利用的目的，采用植物分类学，种子生理学等有关学科基本原理，通过试验和研究，解决了牧草种质资源保存的关键技术，取得以下主要结果：（１）提出了牧草种子保存方法，解决了牧草种子的中期保存技术；（２）解决了建立中期库的低温低湿控制技术，建立了我国第一个只控制温度不控制湿度的类型新颖，技术先进、性能良好的牧草种质保存库；（３）解决了野外和珍稀野生牧草种子的繁殖技术，在不同的气候     

我国牧草种质资源发展策略

过去20年里,我国牧草种质资源研究取得了巨大成就,在“广泛搜集、有效保护、深入研究、积极创新、永续利用”的思想指导下,现已搜集到15000余份牧草种质;建立了一个中期库;完成鉴定材料4500余份;通过品种审定登记了336个牧草品种,其中134个为育成品种。随着现代生物科学理论、方法和技术在牧草资源研究中的应用,我国在牧草种质资源研究工作从研究利用阶段步入迅速发展阶段。今后研究策略的发展方向是：（1）利用遗传多样性取样策略进行牧草种质资源的采集;（2）构建牧草核心种质,以保存最少的种质份数最大程度代表整个遗传资源的多样性;（3）分子标记技术在种质遗传多样性研究、评价鉴定以及种质创新中的应用;（4）信息网络技术在种质资源信息共享中的应用。     

西藏牧草种质资源剖析

阐述了西藏野生牧草种质资源分布及其具有的优异特点,剖析了西藏目前在牧草种质资源收集、保存和利用方面存在的问题,在此基础上提出了对西藏牧草种质资源收集、保存及利用的建议.     

家畜排泄物对牧草种子传播和萌发的作用

放牧调控牧草的生殖格局,包括牧草有性繁殖和无性繁殖分配、种子生产、传播和萌发等,其中家畜的排泄物是重要的作用途径之一。放牧家畜的排泄物促进种子生产、远距离扩散和种子萌发,同时也会损伤种子、抑制萌发等。本文从种子生产、传播及萌发等方面阐述放牧家畜排泄物对牧草种子的作用,认为其是牧草自然更新有效途径之一。放牧家畜排泄物能够增加种子产量、采食几率、散布距离及改变萌发自身与生境条件,从而提高种子传播数量和质量,以促进牧草的有效自然更新。通过了解家畜排泄物在牧草种子传播和萌发中的作用并再此基础上探讨牧草自然更新的机制,以期为草地更新和退化草地恢复提供理论参考。     

国家种质基因库储存能力提升

<正>牧草种质资源是生物资源的重要组成部分,蕴藏着丰富的遗传基因,是天然的优良牧草基因库,具有潜在的资源优势和广泛的利用前景。为此,国家建立了保存牧草种质的长期库、中心库、温带备份库、热带备份库。全国畜牧总站农业部全国草业产品质量监督检验中心负责草种质资源保存利用中心库日常管理维护工作,包括对入库前种子的净度、生     

广西草业研究与开发40年及未来发展建议

1979年以来,广西草业从草地资源调查、牧草种质资源收集到优良牧草的筛选、选育;从国际合作研究到独立创新研究;从黔江示范牧场的建立到南方现代草地畜牧业推进行动;从草地开发到天然草地的监测等方面取得了很大的成就。今后,需要在牧草的选育及推广应用、草地动态监测、冬闲田饲草开发、农作物、林、果与牧草间套种、人工草地示范基地建设、草食动物的饲草和农副产品开发利用等方面开展工作。     

海南岛野生牧草种质资源考察

2004年6月—2005年4月对海南岛野生牧草种质资源进行了实地考察。收集了野生牧草种质资源549份,隶属7科、33属,近60种。并对收集到的野生牧草种质资源的种类、分布情况、生长习性进行了描述。通过考察,挽救了一批濒临灭绝的品种;发掘了一批可供生产和育种单位直接利用的种质资源,丰富了国家种质库。还就海南的野生牧草种质资源的保存和利用等提出意见和建议。     

国家牧草种质资源数据库信息服务系统研究

全国牧草种质资源数据库信息服务系统，包括１４个数据子库１０５个数据库程序，实现了数据的修改，补充，显示及多功能查询，可迅速向牧草资源研究者提供信息服务。     

广西蚕桑种质资源冷藏保护库的规划及效益分析

为保证广西蚕业发展和蚕桑生产用种需求,根据蚕种保护、冷藏浸酸、蚕种催青等技术特点,对广西蚕桑种质资源冷藏保护库进行设计。从冷库设计思路,冷库设计内容和未来发展方向等方面系统地阐述了广西蚕桑种质资源冷藏保护库的整体规划,并根据实际生产成效,分析了广西蚕桑种质资源冷藏保护库建成后可产生的经济效益,为今后蚕桑种质资源冷藏保护库的建设和改造提供有力参考。     

家蚕限性易位系统的利用研究

比较了回交亲本、限性斑纹系、限性黄茧系及其杂交种的生命力、茧质及丝质等，讨论了易位染以片断对蚕的生理影响，提出了改良和利用限性易位系的途径。     

Farmer’s views and values to focus on cattle conservation policies: the case of eight European countries

Our aim was to identify elements useful in designing policies and programmes for conservation of farm animal genetic resources, taking as case study a group of European local cattle breeds. We first investigated the implications of differences among countries in the policies and programmes to be developed. Secondly, we analysed key elements common to countries, which may affect local breed viability. We used the herd size trend expected by the farmer in the near future as an indicator of breed viability. Fifteen breeds, for a total of 355 farms, were surveyed. To take into account the multiple factors influencing breeds’ demographic trends, the questionnaire included economical, technical and social aspects. Among the major differences across countries was the perception of the farmer on the value attributed to the local breed by society. Concerning the elements common to countries and their association to breed viability, the greater the collaboration among farmers and the stakeholders’ appreciation as perceived by the farmer, the greater the viability of the farm. An opposite trend was observed for the age of the farmer. Older farmers generally planned to soon cease farming or decrease herd size, whereas young farmers planned to increase the size of their herds. Implications of including these elements in conservation polices are discussed.     

The influence of selected techniques of bovine leukocyte isolation on their viability and metabolism

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of selected isolation methods on the viability and metabolism of bovine leukocytes. The cells were isolated using a Ficoll 1077, Histopaque 1083 gradient and osmotic shock method, and Ficoll or Histopaque with osmotic shock. Evaluation were made of the total number of cells, viability after isolation and in 24h culture on RPMI 1640 medium and metabolism with NBT reduction assay. Microscopic and cytometric evaluation of the leukocytes revealed that the isolation methods applied had an influence on their number and viability. Based on the results it can be concluded that isolation methods of cells in a Histopaque or Ficoll yield highly pure cell fractions with high viability.     

硒对体外培养小鼠成骨细胞形态、增殖和活力的影响

本文旨在探讨不同浓度亚硒酸钠溶液对体外培养的小鼠成骨细胞的形态、增殖及活力的影响。以出生24h的昆明小鼠颅骨为材料,通过酶消化法来分离成骨细胞,并分别接种于不同浓度的亚硒酸钠培养液(0.00、0.05、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.75、1.0 mg/L)中,倒置显微镜下观察成骨细胞的形态变化,采用MTT法测定细胞增殖率,结晶紫染色法测定细胞活力。48 h内,浓度高于0.4 mg/L时亚硒酸钠抑制细胞增殖且降低细胞活力,而低于0.2mg/L时亚硒酸钠可促进细胞增殖,增强了细胞活力。结果显示硒对成骨细胞的增殖和活力呈双向调节,硒作用呈浓度剂量依赖性。     

不同LED光质对培养火龙果胚性愈伤组织的影响

以“玫瑰红龙”火龙果成熟胚诱导的愈伤组织为材料,研究不同光质配比的LED光处理对火龙果愈伤组织生长的动态影响。结果表明1红1绿光质配比,12h/d照射,最有利于火龙果愈伤组织的生长,在28d至42d细胞增长最快且活性最高,为0.78-0.75。其次是白光>1红1蓝>1绿1蓝>1红1绿1蓝>红光,在70d培养周期内,第35d是较理想的收获时间。     

Effect of Paecilomyces lilacinus on the viability of oncospheres of Taenia hydatigena

Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom) Samson is a saprophytic hyphomycete from the soil with biological activity on helminth eggs. We evaluated the influence in vitro of P. lilacinus on the viability of the oncospheres from Taenia hydatigena, a parasite cestode of dogs and sheep. The eggs were exposed to the fungus strain in sterile distilled water and observed by light microscopy at days 4, 7 and 14 post-inoculation, and the viability was evaluated. The viability found in the exposed P. lilacinus oncospheres was significantly different in all observations. P. lilacinus exercised a negative biological activity on T. hydatigena eggs in vitro.     

四唑染色法快速测定菊芋种子生活力的研究

为了研究不同四唑（TTC）溶液浓度、不同染色温度对菊芋种子生活力测定的影响。根据四唑染色法测定种子生活力的原理，对菊芋种子生活力的最佳条件进行了测定。结果表明，当菊芋种子在25℃蒸馏水中浸种，待种子完全吸胀后，于35℃黑暗条件下、TTC浓度0．5％，染色7h，染色效果最好，可以很好地检测菊芋种子活力水平，估计种子潜在发芽能力，为菊芋种子生活力的快速测定提供参考。     

鱼腥草多糖对MA104和MARC145细胞活力影响的比较研究

研究鱼腥草多糖(houttuynia cordata polysaccharide,HCP)对MA104和MARC145细胞活力的影响,筛选梯度浓度的鱼腥草多糖对MA104和MARC145细胞促生长最佳浓度剂量范围和毒性剂量.通过水提醇沉法提取HCP,得糖率为8.18％;分别采用MTT法和细胞平板计数法绘制MA104和...     

The Effects of Skin Graft Thickness on Graft Viability and Change in Original Graft Area in Dogs

The viability and change in original graft area of full thickness grafts (FTG) and split thickness skin grafts (STG) placed on fresh and granulating recipient beds were evaluated. Two 6 × 6 cm skin grafts were placed on each side of the trunk in ten dogs. Grafting procedures included FTG and STG on fresh and granulating wounds. Graft viability was determined on the 10th postoperative day by visual inspection. The change in original graft area was evaluated by comparing the original surface area of the grafts with the surface areas of the grafts at 10, 30, 60, and 90 days after surgery. The means graft viability for FTG and STG on fresh beds was 81% and 55%, respectively. FTG and STG on granulating beds had a mean graft viability of 58% and 47%, respectively. The mean percentage of original graft area at 90 days for FTG and STG on fresh beds was 82% and 97%, respectively. FTG and STG on granulating beds had an overall percentage of original graft area of 105% and 130%, respectively. There were no statistical differences found when comparing FTG with STG placed on fresh beds or granulating beds. However, the general trend indicated that FTG had a greater percentage of viability and contracted more than STG in dogs. This is contrary to previous findings.     

大脑皮质神经元培养中胰蛋白酶消化分离技术的探讨

为探讨大脑皮质神经元培养中胰蛋白酶消化分离法的最佳条件, 取新生大鼠大脑皮质组织，在不同的胰蛋白酶消化条件下分离培养神经元，通过细胞形态观察以及染色计数比较不同消化条件对神经元活性的影响。结果表明，0.25％胰蛋白酶，37℃，5 min消化分离的神经元活性较好，细胞产率也较高。在新生大鼠大脑皮质神经元培养时，采用0.25％胰蛋白酶，37℃，5 min可消化分离到单层、生长活性较好的神经元。