A serological comparison of 4 Japanese isolates of porcine enteroviruses with the international reference strains

The reference strains of four serotypes (J6, J8, J9 and J10) of porcine enterovirus isolated in Japan were compared with the international reference strains of 11 serotypes (W1 to W11) by cross neutralization tests. No cross reactions were observed between the two groups, although there were minor one-way crosses between W10 and J10, W11 and J9, and W4 and J9. This leads to our conclusion that all 4 Japanese serotypes can be newly added to 11 international serotypes. J9 virus produced type 1 of CPE (CPE I), J6 and J8 did CPE II, and J10 did CPE III. J10 grew in Vero, HeLa cells, and the primate cells, but J6, J8 and J9 did not.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
VETERINARY DERMATOPATHOLOGY: A MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC EVALUATION OF CANINE AND FELINE SKIN DISEASE. Thelma Lee Gross, Peter J. Ihrke, Emily J. Walder.
VETERINARY DERMATOPATHOLOGY. Thelma Lee Gross, Peter J. Ihrke and Emily J. Walder.
THE MANUAL OF PARROTS, BUDGERIGARS AND OTHER PSITTACINE BIRDS. Colin J. Price.     

大肠杆菌耐药性抑制剂作用机制的初步研究

20株人源和动物源性大肠杆菌在体外经黄连提取物(命名为耐药性抑制剂IT2)作用后,对氟喹诺酮类抗菌药、庆大霉素和多西环素的耐药性明显被抑制.选取经抑制剂IT2作用后耐药性变化显著的5对菌株进行质粒提取和电泳检测,发现J0、H004、J3、J2 等4株菌作用前均有质粒带,与其相对应的耐药性抑制剂作用后的菌株ITJ0、ITH004、ITJ3、ITJ2质粒带全部消失,只有菌株J1经抑制剂IT2作用前后质粒带无变化.提取外膜蛋白进行SDS-PAGE电泳分析,菌株J1、J3、J0缺少OmpF、OmpA, J2仅缺少OmpA,经耐药性抑制剂作用后,J1、J3、J0的OmpF均由缺失恢复为表达,OmpC的表达量呈显著增加,H004没有变化.结果表明耐药性抑制剂IT2对大肠杆菌的部分耐药性具有良好的抑制作用,其作用与阻碍耐药质粒拷贝、恢复外膜通道蛋白正常表达关系密切.     

Genetic profile and serosurvey for virus infections of Japanese wild boars in Shikoku Island

To estimate the genetic background of Japanese wild boars inhibiting the 4 prefectures of Shikoku Island (Kagawa, Tokushima, Kouchi and Ehime), we examined haplotypes of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and genotypes of the nuclear glucosephosphate isomerase-processed pseudogene (GPIP) in 189 wild boars. Of the 8 different mtDNA haplotypes (J5, J10, J12, J13, J15, J19, J20 and E33) detected in Shikoku Island, the first to be identified were J19 and J20 (of Japanese wild boar lineage) and E33 (of European domestic pig lineage). The presence of haplotype E33 indicates local crossbreeding between wild boar and escaped domestic pigs and/or crossbred Inobuta. Four kinds of the GPIP genotypes were detected from 189 wild baors in Shikoku Island, but no European GPIP alleles were found. In 113 wild boars, no antibodies against Classical Swine Fever or Aujeszky's disease were detected, suggesting that they had not been exposed to those pathogens.     

青海箭筈豌豆根瘤菌的筛选及其共生体耐盐性研究

箭筈豌豆是我国传统肥饲兼用的豆科绿肥作物,有关箭筈豌豆根瘤菌的研究尚属空白。为获得抗逆性强的根瘤菌菌株,在青海主产区采集样本,经分离、鉴定得到61株箭筈豌豆根瘤菌。采用水培回接法,通过主成分分析筛选出5株对宿主结瘤生长促进作用较强的根瘤菌(J1-3-2、J2-6-2、J3-12-1、J4-3-3和J5-5-3)。对该5株根瘤菌进行了离体耐盐性评价,发现菌株J5-5-3最大耐盐极限值在0.9%左右,其他4菌株最大耐盐极限值均在1.2%左右,并且5菌株的耐盐特征呈3个明显不同类型:J3-12-1和J2-6-2耐盐性最强,菌株J1-3-2和J4-3-3居中,菌株J5-5-3最差。进一步采用盆栽方法评价了其中3株(每类型1株)根瘤菌-箭筈豌豆共生体的耐盐性,结果表明,在0.15%NaCl胁迫下接种根瘤菌J5-5-3植株结瘤数最多,在0.30%NaCl胁迫下3种接种处理无显著差异;在0.15%和0.30%NaCl胁迫下,接种J3-12-1共生体株高显著大于对照(P<0.05);在0.15%和0.30%NaCl胁迫下根瘤菌J3-12-1和J5-5-3可显著提高植株干重(P<0.05);J5-5-3在0.15%和0.30%NaCl胁迫下可显著提高植株含氮量并显著提高0.15%NaCl胁迫下的植株吸氮量(P<0.05);J3-12-1显著提高了0.15%NaCl胁迫下的植株吸氮量(P<0.05)。综合来看,J3-12-1和J5-5-3可以作为在盐胁迫下提高箭筈豌豆生物量和含氮量的预选菌株。     

Cultivated walnut trees showed earlier but not final advantage over its wild relatives in competing for seed dispersers

Little is known about seeding regeneration of cultivated trees compared to wild relatives in areas where seed dispersers are shared. Here, we investigated the differences in seed fates of cultivated walnut (Juglans regia) and wild Manchurian walnut (Juglans mandshurica) trees under rodent predation and dispersal. J. regia seeds have higher nutritional value (large size, mass and kernel mass) and lower mechanical defensiveness (thin endocarp) than J. mandshurica seeds. We tracked seeds of J. regia and J. mandshurica under both enclosure and field conditions to assess differences in competing for seed dispersers of the two co‐occurring tree species of the same genus. We found that rodents preferred to harvest, eat and scatter‐hoard seeds of J. regia as compared to those of J. mandshurica. Seeds of J. regia were removed and scatter‐hoarded faster than those of J. mandshurica. Caches of J. regia were more likely to be rediscovered by rodents than those of J. mandshurica. These results suggest that J. regia showed earlier dispersal fitness but not the ultimate dispersal fitness over J. mandshurica in seeding regeneration under rodent mediation, implying that J. regia has little effect on seeding regeneration of J. mandshurica in the field. The effects of seed traits on seed dispersal fitness may vary at different dispersal stages under animal mediation.     

J亚群禽白血病病毒与禽网状内皮增生症病毒共感染对肉鸡生长和免疫功能的抑制作用

1日龄网鸡感染J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-J)以及共感染禽网状内皮增生症病毒(REV)后,肉鸡生长发育明显受阻,体重增重明显下降(P＜0.05),法氏囊、胸腺明显萎缩(P＜0.05),在用新城疫疫苗免疫后,感染组血清中新城疫抗体效价显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);在ALV-J和REV共感染后,这种抑制作用更为明显(P＜0.01).ALV J单独感染后,鸡对传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)弱毒疫苗免疫后的抗体反应与对照组没有明显差别,但ALV-J与REV的共感染可明显延缓鸡对IBDV弱毒疫苗免疫的抗体反应.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Small animal trauma radiology atlas: An Atlas of Radiology of the Traumatized Dog and Cat. By J. P. Morgan and P. Wolvekamp.
Parasitology textbook: Georgis' Parasitology fur Veterinarians (6th edn). By D. D. Bowman.
Updated feline textbook: Feline Medicine and Therapeutics (2nd edn). By E. A. Chandler, C. J. Gaskell and R. M. Gaskell.
Surgical atlas: An Atlas of Veterinary Surgery (3rd edn). By J. Hickman, J. E. F. Houlton and G. B. Edwards.
Textbook of spinal problems: Small Animal Spinal Disorders, Diagnosis and Surgery. By S. J. Wheeler and N. J. H. Sharp.     

用IFA和PCR对部分省区肉鸡白血病的调查

从山东省内不同地区和宁夏、河南等省随机采集肉鸡和肉种鸡的病料 ,采用间接荧光抗体实验和 PCR方法进行 J亚群禽白血病的流行病学调查 ,结果从 92份商品代肉鸡病料和 1 5份父母代种鸡病料中先后鉴定出 8株 J-AL V,其中 3株来自商品代肉鸡 ,5株来自父母代肉种鸡 ,感染 AL V-J的肉鸡品系有 AA、科宝和爱维因 ,表明我国肉鸡群中 AL V-J的感染十分严重。     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
How to have a Well-mannered Dog Kay White and J. M. Evans
Hagan and Bruner's Infectious Diseases of Domestic Animals, 7th Edn J. H. Gillespie and J. F. Timoney     

Diode laser endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation in the normal equine eye

Objective To determine the clinical and histologic effects of diode endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (ECP) in the phakic equine eye. Animals studied Phase I: 10 equine cadaver eyes. Phase II: four normal adult horses. Procedures Phase I: ECP probe angle of reach (AR) was determined. Multiple ECP energy levels: 0.75, 0.90, 1.05, 1.20, 1.35, 1.50 J, and the resulting visible and histologic ciliary process changes were evaluated. Phase II: Ocular quadrants were treated with ECP at 0.90, 1.14, 1.38 J, and a control. The contralateral eye underwent a sham operation. Tissue changes (clinical and histologic) were evaluated. Results Phase I: Mean combined AR was 162 ± 29 degrees. Mean visible tissue scores: 2.60 ± 0.58 (0.75 J) to 5.04 ± 0.30 (1.50 J) from possible total of 6. Tissue ‘popping’ was observed at 1.50 J. Histologic ciliary tissue damage was present at all settings. Phase II: Mean visible tissue scores: 2.90 ± 0.48 (0.90 J), 3.61 ± 0.57 (1.14 J), and 4.52 ± 0.56 (1.38 J). Tissue ‘popping’ was observed at 1.38 J. Histologic ciliary tissue damage was present at all settings. Clinical effects included acute inflammation, intraocular pressure reduction, cataract formation, corneal edema, corneal ulceration, and postoperative ocular hypertension. Conclusions Diode ECP between 0.90 and 1.14 J is a potential treatment option for glaucoma in horses based on visible tissue effects and target ciliary epithelium damage. Iatrogenic cataract development may limit the use of an anterior chamber approach in phakic horses. Supported in part by an ACVO VAF grant.     

Buchbesprecbungen

Pierard, J.: Anatomie appliqué des Carnivores domestiques (Chien et Chat)
Ihle, J. E. W., P. N. van Kampen, H. F. Nierstrasz u. J. Versluys: Verglei-chende Anatomie der Wirbeltiere     

植物根际促生菌菌肥在高寒草甸替代化肥效应研究

为探究青藏高原高寒草甸退化问题,从施肥可以改良草地退化的角度出发,本研究以青海省高寒草甸为研究对象,通过设置不同施肥处理,即对照不施肥(CK)、施加氮肥250 kg·hm-2(N)、磷肥400 kg·hm-2(P)、氮磷肥300 kg·hm-2(NP)、有机肥2000 kg·hm-2(O)、植物根际促生菌(Plant ...     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
PRACTICAL EQUINE DERMATOLOGY 2nd Edition. Lowell J. Ackerman.
PRACTICAL FELINE DERMATOLOGY 2nd Edition. Lowell J. Ackerman.
PRACTICAL CANINE DERMATOLOGY 3rd Edition. Lowell J. Ackerman.     

发酵对新鲜甜玉米秸秆生产乙醇的影响

玉米秸秆资源丰富、廉价,是生产生物乙醇的一个重要资源。本研究以切短的新鲜甜玉米秸秆为原料,利用酵母菌(J)、乳酸菌(R)及纤维素酶(E)3种添加剂,进行J、JR(J+R)、JE(J+E)、JER(J+E+R)、MJ(灭菌后添加J)、MJER(灭菌后添加J+E+R)、CK(对照)处理,在室温下分别密封发酵10,20,30和40 d研究新鲜玉米秸秆发酵生产乙醇的适宜发酵时间和添加剂。结果表明,甜玉米秸秆可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量随发酵时间延长显著降低,而且J、JR和MJ 3个处理的WSC含量显著低于CK(P<0.05);发酵时间和添加剂对纤维素和半纤维素含量无显著影响(P>0.05);对照及各添加处理都是发酵10 d乙醇产量最高,在所有处理中MJ发酵10 d效果最好,其乙醇产量达17.89% DM,亦即在室温下甜玉米秸秆灭菌后添加酵母菌发酵10 d,其乙醇产量最高。     

Cloning and tissues expression of the pig CYP1B1 and CYP2J34

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1B1 and CYP2J have been studied in various mammals, but not in pig. The sequences encoding pig CYP1B1 and CYP2J34 were isolated from liver cDNA by RACE and sequenced. The open reading frames of pig CYP1B1 showed a higher sequence homology to bovine 1B1 (89%) than to dog 1B1 (88%) or to human 1B1 (85%). On the other hand, the coding sequence of pig CYP2J34 showed a similar homology (83-85%) to CYP2J of these species. From the substrate recognition sites (SRS 1-6) analysis of the deduced proteins, it was found that the porcine CYP1B1, unlike CYP2J34, completely shared the six SRS with the bovine counterpart. RT-PCR analysis of CYP1B1 and CYP2J34 expression in ten porcine tissues revealed that CYP1B1 was principally expressed in adrenal gland, whereas CYP2J34 was predominantly expressed in small intestine. These results further support the pig as an useful model for human.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Drug reference book Handbook of Veterinary Drugs. By D. G. Allen, J. K. Pringle, D. Smith and P. Conlon.
A useful guide to antimicrobials Antimicrobial Therapy in Veterinary Medicine. Edited by J. F. Prescott and J. D. Baggot     

α-Luminol prevents decreases in glutamate, glutathione, and glutamine synthetase in the retinas of glaucomatous DBA/2J mice

Objective  To test the hypothesis that in DBA/2J mice, oxidative stress decreases glutamine synthetase (GS) levels resulting in a loss of neuronal glutamate and that the antioxidant α-luminol (GVT®) decreases this stress and glutamate loss in some types of glaucoma.
Animals  DBA/2J mice were separated into two groups, of which one was not treated, and the other treated with GVT in the drinking water. At 7 months of age, retinas were examined from five untreated DBA/2J mice, seven GVT-treated mice, and five C57BL/6 mice (negative controls).
Methods  Serial 0.5 μm plastic sections were immunogold stained for glutamate, GS, and total glutathione, followed by image analysis for staining patterns and density.
Results  Focal decreases in glutamate immunostaining were common in the inner nuclear layer (INL) of DBA/2J retinas, but not in C57BL/6 or GVT-treated DBA/2J retinas. Decreases in glutathione and GS immunostaining were found in DBA/2J retinal regions where neuronal glutamate immunostaining was reduced. Retinas from GVT-treated DBA/2J had no significant decreases in INL levels of glutamate, glutathione, or GS.
Conclusions  Retinas of dogs with primary glaucoma are reported to have focal depletion of neuronal glutamate. In DBA/2J mice, similar changes occur prior to the development of clinical disease. In these focal glutamate-depleted regions, levels of glutathione and GS are also reduced, consistent with the hypothesis that oxidative stress contributes to retinal changes in glaucoma. The ability of GVT, an antioxidant, to inhibit retinal abnormalities in DBA/2J mice provides further support for this hypothesis.     

Milk production of Jersey and Fleckvieh × Jersey cows in a pasture-based feeding system

Milk production parameters of purebred Jersey (J) cows and Fleckvieh?×?Jersey (F?×?J) cows in a pasture-based feeding system were compared using standard milk recording procedures. Milk, fat and protein production was adjusted to 305 days per lactation and corrected for age at calving. Effects of breed, parity, month and year were estimated for milk, fat and protein yield as well as fat and protein percentage, using the general linear model procedure. Fixed effects identified as affecting milk production parameters significantly were breed, parity and year. F?×?J cows produced significantly more milk than J cows (6141?±?102 and 5398?±?95 kg milk, respectively). Similarly, fat and protein yields were significantly higher in F?×?J (272?±?4 and 201?±?3 kg, respectively) than in Jersey cows (246?±?3 and 194?±?2 kg, respectively). Fat and protein percentages only differed slightly in absolute terms being 4.61?±?0.04 % fat in the Jersey compared to 4.47?±?0.04 % fat in the F?×?J. Protein levels for J and F?×?J cows were 3.62?±?0.03 and 3.51?±?0.03 %, respectively. Despite a lower fat percentage, F?×?J crossbred cows may be more productive than purebred Jersey cows which may be due to heterotic effects.     

家蚕荧光茧色的研究——Ⅰ.不同品种的荧光茧色

在紫外光的照射下,观察了348个品种品系的荧光茧色。结果:白茧品种(1)有白荧光、黄荧光、紫荧光及一些中间色的连续光潜。按系统比较白荧光茧的比率是日系>中系>欧系,黄荧光茧的比率是中系>日系>欧系,紫荧光茧的比率是欧系>中系=日系,按化性白荧光茧的比率是日一化>欧一化>多化>中一化四眠>日二化>中二化>中一化三眠,黄荧光茧的比率是中一化三眠>中二化>日二化>多化>中一化四眠>日一化>欧一化,紫荧光茧的比率是欧一化>日一化>中一化四眠>中一化三眠>多化>日二化>中二化。(2)雌雄茧荧光有明显差异,雄黄荧光茧多且强,雌茧紫荧光多。发现了5个品种雄茧基本上为黄荧光,雌茧为紫荧光。(3)荧光茧色与解舒有关系,解舒率与黄荧光茧呈正相关,与紫荧光茧呈负相关,不同的系统,化性则有所区别。有色茧基本上是黄荧光,也有个别品种茧出现白荧光或紫荧光。